Unofficial VirtualBox flatpak. Contribute to tulilirockz/org.virtualbox.VirtualBox development by creating an account on GitHub.GitHub
UPDATE: An EXTENDED VERSION of this song is available on BANDCAMP: https://sabaudia.bandcamp.com/track/if-you-see-me-use-ubuntu-too-late-ive-already-deleted-...DenshiVideo (YouTube)
"Uptime Funk" music video (parody of Uptown Funk) from SUSECon 2015 in Amsterdam.Lyrics:This bitUncontrolledA bad bug, Make my system foldThis bug, in the ke...SUSE (YouTube)
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|---|---|---|---|
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Soluciones de plantas de concreto Colombia. Cumplimiento normativo garantizado, tecnología confiable y soporte local.AIMIXgrupo (AIMIX GROUP)
no, both juice and milk is extracting liquid from the product. here they add water. it's cold soup.
it's cold bug soup
A 148-meter tower in Jiangsu stores 100 MWh by hoisting 35-ton concrete blocks with surplus wind power.Ellsworth Toohey (Boing Boing)
Oh, perfect, concrete is the greenest of green! What genius! We're saved! /s 😶🤮
The cement industry alone accounts for roughly 8% of global carbon dioxide emissions—emitting more than the aviation and global shipping industries combined.
Scientific Reports - Structural and environmental impacts of concrete quality a comparative life cycle assessmentNature
@cm0002 So that is the equivalent of the average nuclear plant output for six minutes, very useful. I'd instead invest the concrete and steel into making the actual plant, that way I would have 1GW (10x100MW) 24x7 for 60 or 70 years, take up less land, and not require energy from another source to "store". When one looks at the economics of what it takes to store six minutes of a nuke plant's worth of electricity the economics of wind and solar, or lack thereof, become obvious. When you consider all the energy that was required to make the concrete to store that six minutes, it becomes especially insane.
Now that we have commercial scale electrolyzers that can work on intermittent power, it makes a lot more sense to make hydrogen, which can then by used to 1) generate heat, 2) as feedstock for synthetic hydrocarbons or plastics, 3) as a reducing agent for iron rather than carbon, 4) piped and burned like natural gas with suitable adaptations.
Gears. The car's transmission alone has probably 30 meshed together on its own, not to mention gears are in everything. Bearings too. Is a sphere a wheel? Casters, slide rails with wheel runners, washers, and conveyor belts feel like they deserve a spot as they are round locomotive devices.
Doors also are very rare in nature, but a rock pretty regularly forms the right shape for a wheel.
I might be missing the forest for something that looks like trees, but it feels like there are overwhelmingly more wheels than doors.
According to merriam-webster: a circular frame of hard material that may be solid, partly solid, or spoked and that is capable of turning on an axle.
So anything round that turns on an axle. I think wheels probably wins.
You go to a supermarket and every trolley has 4 wheels and 0 doors
and there sure as hell there's more trolleys than there are doors there (even if you count all the freezer section doors)
Toys with wheels can easily even the playing field of doors vs homes in households.
Highest doors:wheels ratio you can find is probably a hotel
The mechanism that runs the pin pick up thing and the ball return contain rollers and cogs, cabinets and closet doors are alreadyincluded because they're doors.
There will always be more wheels.
I'm going to argue a little for team doors though I wouldn't say I'm confident.
Feels like are more things with doors and not wheels than things with wheels and not doors. So many buildings and cabinets and dressers and whatnot. Actually, think of an apartment building. A 1 bedroom apartment will have at least 3 or 4 normal doors plus cabinets and the fridge, times the possibly hundreds of apartments in 1 building, plus probably a couple dozen for maintenance, common areas, and elevators.
I do think how you define the 2 greatly changes the calculation, but I think doors do compete at least
Appears to depend how you define it!
Okay attempt to define the 2.
Door: a barrier to an area that can be opened and closed and is attached to the wall(s) of said area. This would include cabinets and garage doors but not drawers or most glove boxes.
Wheel: an object that rolls itself forwards and backwards. This would include toys with wheels but not balls or steering wheels or rollers (they roll other things not themselves).
Wheels, just because of Lego
Today, almost 50% of all Lego sets contain wheels.
And this is without getting into non-vehicle wheels like flywheels, gearwheels, etc
This has broken my brain.
I have 40+ wheels I can think of in my house. Chairs, carts, bikes, shit there's even one on my mouse. That's not even counting all the wheels in my massive Lego collection.
But then again... Cabinet doors, microwave, refrigerator, oven.... Fuck!
What have you done to me?
I think SciShow did a thing like this for Eyes vs Legs.
It comes down to definition, but if one, but not the other, definition include biological parts then that one wins.
If no biological being has "wheels" but say, a valve, is considered a "door," then doors will always win.
But again, it comes down to definition.
If this counts as a door then it's a game-changer: csbphd.mit.edu/news/door-mitoc…
But if this is a wheel it's not even a question anymore: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagellu…
Im going to chime in here and say we expand the definition of wheels to include doors and the definition of doors to include wheels.
Problem solved.
Every time I've seen this come up, it turns into a kind of coastline problem. The closer you look at everything we've built you just start finding more and more doors and just as you think it must be the winner you start seeing all the wheels that go along with them (or vice versa).
It's impossible to know which one wins without very clear (and limiting) definitions of "door" and "wheel". Those definitions would have to be equally restrictive to both "doors" and "wheels" or else the limitations decide, not the world we've built around us. I posit that anyone claiming to have an answer have made up their own limits of what "counts" and those limitations are likely not equally balanced.
A better debate would be wheels vs hinges.
Because I wouldn't call a window a small door for example.
Meanwhile in the real world, even libertarian cato institute found that communism and socialism are popular among anybody who's not a fossil cato.org/blog/new-poll-nearly-…
Not only that, but the numbers are rising since their poll last year cato.org/blog/young-americans-…
So, it's pretty clear that there is no optics problem in practice. The reality is that liberals are just opposed to socialism because they represent the left wing of fascism.
This is a mostly a translation of a post published by me in February 28, 2023. Some changes were made so the links and quotes cite sources written in English instead of in Portuguese, to help those who want to read more about the mentioned subjects, and also so the text makes more sense with regards to certain things such as pronouns.
This article is meant to give in-depth answers to questions folks have about xenogender folks and identities. This post is not supposed to be succinct or give easy to digest information, exactly because that kind of content already exists and doesn't seem to help answering everyone's questions. If someone is looking for shorter explanations, I would refer them to either this Carrd or to one of the links under What does xenogender mean? below.
Translation note: I use "gender identity" to describe, roughly, "any label which could be used as an answer to a form asking for 'a gender'; or any label describing someone's experiences relating or not relating to the concepts of any genders themselves. I don't just use the word "gender" because that's exclusionary of non-monogender labels, such as genderless, graygender, pomogender or polygender. That said, my use of "gender identity" is not meant to imply anyone's genders aren't real or material or whatever. Cis folks have gender identities too, the only thing is that those can also be descibed as single genders.
There are already multiple resources defining xenogender, such as the Nonbinary Wiki or Pride-Flags. Regardless, I would explain the term like this:
Xenogender is an umbrella term for gender identities which can't be described solely by using comparisons to binary genders or to other identities that can be solely defined in comparison to binary genders themselves, and instead are at least partially defined using other kinds of aesthetics, senses, feelings, concepts, objects, lifeforms and/or so on.
Here are some examples of gender identities that could accurately described as xenogenders (definitions copied from the links given):
And, even though being xengender - as in, being someone who experiences any kind of gender identity in a xenogender or xenogender-related way - is a thing, here are some examples of gender identities I wouldn't consider part of the xenogender umbrella by default:
I hope this helps understand how not all labels that can be described as uncommon, new and/or out of the gender binary are necessarily xenogenders, but also how xenogender identities are extremely diverse regardless.
So, this line of thinking is an issue. Unfortunately, many live within societies which only consider genders to be based on bodies, voices and/or so on, and that will only admit woman and man as possible gender options. They may, perhaps, express confusion if someone can toe the extremely thin line separating both of those genders within an exorsexist society, but that's it.
It is possible for someone to feel out of place if they are treated as a man. This someone may then seek hormone replacement therapy and surgeries that will make them not be seen as a man anymore. But that's solely an external thing, something that doesn't necessarily define this person's gender identity. The gender society expects for each person based on their appearance isn't necessarily descriptive of how anyone feels internally.
Because gender identities, in general, are ways to define oneself regarding senses of belonging or alienation in relation to the existing gender identities and other gendered characteristics. What someone likes or dislikes on their body may be a factor that helps define someone's gender identity, but it also may not, and this also applies to anything else that may help define someone's gender identity.
Binary genders cover many archetypes - as in mother, father, gentleman, playboy, girlboss, sorceress and so on - and senses of belonging or alienation around such archetypes are many times what defines someone's gender identity. A sense of belonging within groups exclusive to men or to women, the language usually used to refer to one of these genders (such as pronouns and titles) and the level of comfort with socially expected gender roles are also factors that may be used to define someone's own gender identity.
The idea of gender identities being defined solely around the body someone has or wants to have is a simplification which exists mainly so cis folks can understand what being trans is in a way that fits the cissexist worldview they were taught (that gender is based on genitalia and/or secondary sexual characteristics). There are binary trans folks who don't want to do anything/everything they can to be physically closer to what a cissexist society would expect from a body associated with their gender because they don't feel like that's necessary, there are nonbinary folks comfortable with "binary-looking" bodies and there are even cis folks who seek bodies that aren't traditionally associated with their gender identities.
Some women, men, and nonbinary folks may perceive their desired sexes, pronouns and titles as enough for them to claim their respective gender identities (and, again, there is nothing wrong with that). However, within nonbinary identities, archetypes tend to be particularly relevant when it comes to defining one's identity. Some folks are both men and women; some have a specific gender and crave a well-defined place for it outside of the gender binary; some want to express neutrality regarding all genders; some don't want to do anything to do with the concept of gender; and so on.
Xenogender folks have gender identities related to archetypes which are (at least partially) separate from the gender binary, and we tend to feel a sense of belonging within such archetypes instead of those connected to binary genders. This may seem too complicated or abstract to anyone seeing gender as connected to physical characteristics, but I guarantee even many binary folks feel connected to concepts related to their genders that go beyond their bodies or using she/her or he/him pronouns.
I want to make it clear that even if folks may be (and they have every right to be) both xenogender and xenogenital, alterhuman and/or so on, xenogenders are, in general, terms using metaphors to describe how certain gender identities work or feel like, and they don't need to be connected with what someone wants for their body or what species they identify as. Someone who is leafin doesn't necessarily feel dysphoric for not having the body of a leaf, for instance.
There is a cissexist social pressure to connect gender identities with certain kinds of bodies or specific pronouns, on top of a skewed idea (often perpetuated by trolls) of being xenogender being basically the same as not identifying as human and wanting to be perceived as/transition to/act as the subject of their xenogender identity(ies). The obligatory connection between being xenogender and wanting related pronouns or wanting to physically transition to a related body reinforces cissexism, exorsexism and gender conformity. While xenogender folks may try to present or transition according to their gender, this isn't a necessary part of being xenogender, just like it isn't a necessary part of any gender identity.
Edit (July 8, 2026): Otherkin beings exist, as well as other kinds of nonhumans. There are even transition resources for those who want their bodies to be less associated with humanity. Nonhumans may or may not be xenogender, and, if they are, their xenogender(s) may or may not have to do with their nonhuman identity. However, not all xenogender folks are nonhuman, and comparing xenogender identities to having specific kinds of desired or imagined bodies and specific roles one must adhere to if they "really are that gender" or to prove that a specific xenogender identity "really is a real gender" is inaccurate and the kind of stereotype that affects both nonhumans and xenogender folks negatively.
In my experience, a lot of xenogender folks tend to align with what other trans folks want in regards to physical transition (like wanting bigger, smaller or no boobs, or wanting to take hormone blockers and/or hormones their bodies would only naturally produce in small quantities). Xenogender folks who want to express their xeninity with their own bodies (and who want, as an example, non-human characteristics) seem to be rarer, and a lot of times this desire seems to be more about their nonhumanity (or also about their nonhumanity) than about their gender identity on its own.
Xeninity is the gendered characteristic associated with one or more xenogenders, just like femininity is the gendered characteristic associated with a woman's gender. More on that later.
I'm not saying this to claim "most xenogender folks are just like normal trans people" or anything like that. Anyone with any kind of gender identity may want any kind of physical transition, and both xenogender folks satisfied with the bodies they got after their latest puberty and xenogender folks who would rather have scales or not have a body at all are valid. But there is discourse around nonbinary - and especially xenogender and/or pocket gender - experiences acting as if having these "unusual" gender identities automatically separated us from the "usual transition experiences trans people have", even if these are still common for many of us.
The transxenine identity exists for those who want to claim having a form of identity, dysphoria, euphoria, expression, alignment and/or physical transition related to xeninity. Transxenine folks don't need to be xenogender to be transxenine, and not all xenogender folks would consider themselves transxenine.
It is as much of a choice as being a woman, a man, agender, neutrois, maverique and so on. There are folks who see their gender identities as immutable and otherwise undescribable if they didn't have these specific terms to use, folks who say they have such gender identities on their day-to-day lives even if these aren't necessarily the most accurate wording for their actual gender identities and folks who like the concepts and want to be a part of them in such a deep, unshakeable way it's hard to know if those identities were chosen or if they were always those folks' real identities.
Using man as an example of a gender:
- Someone may say they are a man because they have always seen themself as such and can't see their life going in any other direction (regardless of the gender they were assigned at birth).
- Someone else may say they are a man because it's easier to simplify their man-adjacent nonbinary identity in this way.
- Someone else may not care about defining their gender identity and define themself as a man just so they can maintain certain privileges associated with being seen as a cis man rather than lose them by being honest about how they feel about their gender identity.
- Someone else may find the concept of being a man interesting and try to actively mold themself around it, and from an external point of view it may be impossible to tell if that person is "really a man on the inside" or not. Someone raised since birth as a man who feels like this may feel like it's just what is natural and expected of everyone, while someone raised since birth as a woman who feels like this will probably never open up about it since, in the present day, saying their gender was an active choice instead of an innate truth may lead others to think it's an admission of their manhood never being real enough.
Obviously, there are differences between choosing to claim being a man and choosing to claim being xenogender. One of them is that there are more rigid expectations for men regarding gender expressions, bodies and behaviors. The other is that choosing to have a xenogender identity will not give anyone any kind of social advantage or way to "pass", being an umbrella of concepts often controversial even within nonbinary spaces.
Someone who believes it's possible to be a man may still not believe that someone who dresses a certain way and/or has certain body parts can be a real man. Someone who believes it's possible to be xenogender will likely not doubt someone's word when they say they are xenogender, and if they doubt it will likely not be because of such concerns.
However, it is also more common for someone who is xenogender to feel isolated in their identity, and to not be taken seriously within most social spaces. It is also possible that they may have to deal with harassment and hate speech even from other non-cis folks and from those who claim to be allies to trans folks.
Anyway, to answer the question about if being xenogender is or isn't a choice:
- There are folks who can only accurately describe themselves by saying they have one or more xenogenders. Therefore, their choice is between choosing to say they are xenogender, lie about it or use more vague terminology to avoid direct descriptions of their gender identities.
- There are folks who prefer to describe their gender identities using metaphors in ways which fit terms that can be considered under the xenogender umbrella. For instance, an agender person may want to describe their genderlessness like a void and therefore choose to use the term gendervoid to describe themself. This person can consider themself under the xenogender umbrella if they want to, even though they can also accurately describe themself in a non-xenogender way.
- There are folks who like to describe their gender identities in ways that could be included under the xenogender umbrella. In my experience, folks who do this were usually already under the nonbinary umbrella before adopting such identities. It is also common for folks to think of it as a joke and not think of their descriptions as xenogender experiences. Descriptions like "my gender is the shrug emoji" and "I describe my gender as magenta because it's similar yet different to pink (girl/woman)" fall into this.
It's possible to say most who fit into the latter two categories are choosing to be xenogender, since they can also describe their gender identities in other ways. Even then, that doesn't mean that their xenogender identities are not valid, that these folks are lying about about their gender identities or that all xenogender folks could just choose not to be xenogender.
Nonbinary is an useful label to describe communities/goals/etc. of those who are neither 100% men nor 100% women. However, when it comes to describe gender identities on their own, it's a not a very descriptive label.
Someone might not have a gender and say they are nonbinary. Someone else might have a wide variety of genders and say they are nonbinary. Someone else might only be able to experience life as either a man or a woman, but because they change between those genders from time to time, they may also say they are nonbinary. Someone else may be almost a woman, but not completely feel like they are one, and say they are nonbinary because of that.
More specific terms are used to better identify nonbinary experiences, which is especially useful in groups with many different kinds of nonbinary folks. For instance:
What xenogender folks tend to have in common is the experience of others seeing our gender identities as "weird" or "impossible" for not being solely connected to the gender binary and/or not being solely defined by a rejection of it.
However, xenogender is also more of a wide umbrella term for a group of identities which describe certain kinds of gender experiences than a specific gender identity on its own. Someone who can only describe their gender as the color red may experience their gender in a completely different way than someone who can compare their gender with a huge planet orbiting through space. Meanwhile, someone whose gender is defined as an elf-related archetype may not even be able to grasp such experiences.
This is why there are so many xenogenders: often, such labels are the only way to affirm the existence of our specific gender identities instead of hiding these behind more recognizable or respected labels. It can be easier to talk about our own experiences if we have more vocabulary available than to talk about those experiences in a vacuum.
Language that has to do with gender experiences outside of the woman-man binary is just beginning to be developed in many languages. Not only regarding identity labels, but also regarding how to explain how gender identities are experienced. Maybe explanations about how someone's gender can have a certain color or size will be easier, seem less abstract and be less dependent on lesser-known terminology in the future, but I believe most of us don't live in such a future yet.
As I said above regarding whether being xenogender is a choice or not, this depends on the situation. However, regardless of if such a choice erases an integral part of someone's identity or not, this kind of attitude is still cissexist repression.
Besides, not all xenogender folks want to assimilate into anti-xenogender spaces. Many of us prefer to be honest with regards to how we experience our gender identities.
Some open themselves up about being xenogender because they consider the community around them safe or indifferent enough for that. Others want to normalize being xenogender within spaces where this kind of identity isn't common or widely known.
The fight against cissexism shouldn't be limited to specific kinds of trans folks. Complete liberation from gender and sex norms will never be achieved while the supposed fight against them prefers to appeal to binary sensibilities over the radical inclusion of all non-cis experiences.
Sometimes - more rarely than folks who preach against xenogenders in bad faith fearmonger about - there really is the possibility of someone having an inappropriate xenogender.
Xenogenders may have to do with any existing concept, after all. So, for instance, it isn't impossible for someone to have a gender identity related to:
- Works of fiction (or otherwise) written from a bigoted/oppressive point of view;
- Characters who commit indefensible atrocities;
- Oppressive systems and/or their respective figureheads;
- Offensive stereotypes;
- Inadequate or harmful behaviors, interactions or actions;
- Elements of cultures someone doesn't belong to filtered through an outsider's lens.
This doesn't mean folks who have these kinds of gender identities necessarily support these things. And anyone saying their gender identity justifies violent, inappropriate or discriminatory actions is either lying (and possibly trolling) or doesn't understand why such behavior is unacceptable.
However, if someone's goal by talking about having such gender identities isn't to make xenogender folks seem awful, bigoted or disconnected from reality, here's the thing: the gender identity in question is a real experience and may not change in the future. Depending on the case, here are some options that I can suggest for someone in this situation:
Lots of neurodivergent folks feel alienated from the expected behaviors for binary genders and/or can't understand binary genders enough to see themselves as having such genders. Neurodivergent folks who feel like this commonly see themselves as nonbinary and, if their gender identities can be described as sensations, feelings, concepts, species or even as their neurotypes themselves, they may also end up under the xenogender umbrella.
Xenogenders are not exclusive to neurodivergent folks. The idea that "only neurodivergent folks would find use in such terminology" is rooted in ableism. Synesthesia is something that affects certain folks in ways that make them xenogender because of it (such as feeling a gender exactly like a color/taste/sound/etc.), but not all neurodivergent xenogender people are able to experience synesthesia in this way.
Some neurogenders - gender identities based on being neurodivergent and which are exclusive to neurodivergent folks because of it - are also xenogenders. But not every neurogender is a xenogender (for reasons already specified earlier) and not all xenogenders are neurogenders.
It is possible that one of the reasons why so many xenogender folks are neurodivergent is because it's easier to accept oneself as having an "unacceptable" gender identity when one's existence is already not seen as the "correct" kind of existence. For instance, if someone's frequently not taken seriously in general and doesn't have many friends, it might be easier for them to accept their own xenogender identity or for them to feel seen by the concept in general in comparison to someone who would lose more of their social life if they came out as xenogender.
(An explanation about what pronouns are and what are their importance can be found here.)
Just like for anybody, especially when it comes to nonbinary folks, personal pronouns don't need to be associated with gender. Not only that, but the use of "male pronouns", "feminine pronouns" and so on to describe specific pronoun sets can be exclusionary of those who don't conform to gender norms and hinder folks who use certain pronoun sets for reasons that don't have to do with gendered connotations.
So:
- There are xenogender folks who use she/her pronouns.
- There are xenogender folks who use he/him pronouns.
- There are xenogender folks who use both he/him and she/her pronouns.
- There are xenogender folks who use she/her and/or he/him pronouns along with one or more other pronoun sets.
- There are xenogender folks who use one or more pronoun sets which aren't linked to any specific gender, such as they/them, ey/em, ne/nem, thon/thons, co/cos and so on.
- There are xenogender folks who use any pronouns.
- There are xenogender folks who don't use any pronouns.
- There are xenogender folks who use pronouns related to the subject of their xenogender identity. For instance, someone who is gendervoid may use voi/void pronouns because of it.
- There are xenogender folks who use other pronoun sets only because they like them, because they like to be associated with them or even because they're the pronoun sets they hate the least, even if they don't have to do with gender neutrality or with their own gender identities.
- There are xenogender folks who change their pronoun sets from time to time.
There's a concept called xenopronouns. Places talking about the term usually say these are theoretical pronouns which can't be put into words, but sometimes there are folks who use the term to refer either to neopronouns in general or to nounself pronouns (which are those pronoun sets based on nouns, such as star/stars or fae/faer). Sometimes xenopronouns are even said to be pronouns related to xenogenders because they are based on not just related nouns but also related adjectives and such.
The definition stating xenopronouns are theoretical pronouns doesn't really have to do with xenogenders on its own, even though folks who want to use xenopronouns may be xenogender and they may also want those because they are xenogender. The other definitions are a bit more associated with being xenogender, especially considering how certain xenogenders are coined with suggested pronouns or are based on certain pronouns, but these kinds of "xenopronouns" are still not exclusive to xenogender folks and may not even have to do with xeninity themselves.
Maybe someone who is using kit/kits because it's a pronoun set related to kittens instead of being related to being a man or a woman can be described as someone who is using xenine pronouns (regardless if this person has a gender related to kittens/cats/felines or not). But it would also be possible for someone to use these pronouns just because they like their sounds, not caring about the connection with kittens or with any sort of cat-related gender at all.
The same thing happens with other pronoun sets. For instance, someone may use she/her because they want to associate themself to femininity, but that doesn't mean these pronouns are universally feminine or that she/her needs to be the only pronoun set associated with femininity. Someone's personal reason for using them may have to do with gender identity and/or expression, but labeling a pronoun set or a specific pronoun as something gendered in a specific way ignores other ways different folks may want to use the same pronouns.
Maybe this isn't so obvious within these examples, but some are murkier. What about fae/faer? How many use this pronoun because their gender has to do with fairies and how many assign other meanings to it?
Or what about it/its? There are folks who reclaim this set because they are treated as subhuman, there are others who use them because they don't consider themselves human, there are folks who use them because they consider their gender identity is outside of human understanding/normality and there are folks who just want a common gender neutral pronoun that isn't they/them. Is it/its a xenine pronoun set? Or are fae/faer and it/its pronouns only xenine depending on context?
I'm not against gender-based pronoun suggestions or against neopronoun diversity at all. But associating certain gender identities or concepts with specific pronouns or pronoun sets is limiting and not representative of everyone's experiences.
While there are those who seem to coin xenogenders mostly because it's an easy activity (just decide on a concept and a name, depending on who the person is they may also generate an image with stripes in different colors or use the fill tool to change an existing flag so the new identity has a flag), a lot of xenogenders are, yes, "in use". This is because many xenogender folks have multiple genders, and it isn't hard to find folks in xenogender-friendly spaces who have lists of their own labels with dozens to hundreds of xenogenders.
So, to answer the question: no, I don't think all xenogender labels are used. But I believe most of them are, because there are many more folks using these terms than it may look like for someone with little to no interaction with openly xenogender folks.
I imagine at least some interested in the answer to this question wish they could "cut away" certain gender identities from lists and such so they "don't have to worry about having all those genders around to confuse/alienate questioning folks". A warning, then: that would be futile. Even if a community list tries to cover only common and/or umbrella-like terms, there will always be someone saying they have lesser known/more specific xenogenders and that they don't identify with any of the listed terms.
That said, no one needs to remember the definitions or names of all existing gender identity labels by themself. Just don't describe folks using terms they don't apply to themselves and you should be okay.
As someone who maintains gender identity lists (and who usually needs to translate all the definitions), I'm not a fan of folks coining gender identities only as a hobby or to provide new blog content. However, I'm aware there are infinite possibilities out there in relation to gender identities, and that as such I'll always have to add more labels to any list I make if I want a better representation of the diversity within nonbinary and nonbinary-adjacent communities.
Xenic was coined to define someone who is xenogender-aligned, just like lunarian was coined to define someone who is woman-aligned. Gender alignment on it's own is a very complex and often misunderstood concept, but I'll try to give a brief overview of the subject.
Some nonbinary folks started calling themselves (or, in some unfortunate instances, started being called) man-aligned or woman-aligned to mean a wide number of things. This may include, for instance:
- Having a gender identity which is close/related to one of these genders;
- Having similar experiences to trans men/women because of the physical changes they want to pursue, because of how they are treated when folks discover they are trans or so on;
- Being treated as that specific binary gender in day-to-day life, with all of the expectations and/or discrimination that entails;
- Having affinity with terminology and/or communities associated with that specific binary gender (ex.: women-only groups, MLM spaces).
After a while, specific terms were coined for man-aligned (solarian), woman-aligned (lunarian) and "uh, neither actually" (stellarian). These terms were still frequently misused, and in fact I've seen folks claiming lunarian/solarian mean an alignment to femininity/masculinity because of how the origin of these terms was explained (even though they say woman/man/female/male aligned right there).
Anyway, a lot of other terms were then derived from them, and then other specific terms for gender alignments were developed, including xenic, which is meant to describe someone who is xeno(gender)-aligned.
In my experience, folks who use the xenic label are xenogender folks who incorporate xenogender-like traits in their gender expressions, desired gender transitions, pronouns and so on. They may also be xenogender folks annoyed at the idea of having to choose between being grouped with women or men, and who prefer to only be grouped with those who have similar gender identities or who face similar issues because of them. Being xenic isn't actually defined by any of that, but those are situations that may lead someone to say they are xenic.
After stellarian and related terms were coined, there was also a surge in gender identities and orientations which used those alignments as part of their definitions being coined, even though those gender alignments were meant to be broad and help with situations where the language of gender identity isn't enough. Regardless, xenic started being included in these kinds of labels, but eventually the word just sort of started to be used as a synonym for those who didn't want to spell out xenogender and/or didn't know about the word xenine.
Or maybe they just decided to use xenic as a catch-all instead of a more specific word that shouldn't even make sense for communities unfamiliar with gender alignment language.
What I mean is, there are groups of terms out there that defined in ways such as "for feminine folks", "for masculine folks", "for neutral folks" and "for xenic folks", even if the other labels within the group weren't using language related to gender alignment. I imagine the word coiners mean in this case is xenine, which is the characteristic originating in and associated to being xenogender in the same way masculinity is associated with manhood, but xenic is the term that often ends up being used.
I've also seen orientations or similar terms where terms are defined by "attraction to women"/"attraction to men"/"attraction to xenic folks" when, again, the other terms are not alignments and don't include them either. This time, the word that should have been used is xenogender.
Even attraction to gender alignment on its own is controversial, since gender alignment can be used in a number of ways and it shouldn't always have to include having to accept being considered of a similar gender identity to that alignment for the purposes of attraction. Even though discussions regarding attraction to nonbinary folks are relatively new, I still think it makes more sense for someone to claim being able to feel attraction to xenogender folks (or to folks outside of the gender binary in general) than for someone to claim being able to feel attraction to xenic folks.
I imagine this was enough to understand the differences between the words xenine and xenic as well. Xenine describes something/someone with characteristics akin to being xenogender, while xenic describes being xenogender-aligned as a gender alignment. Words evolve, sure, but I don't think they should change meanings so fast when they aren't that widely used and the original definitions are not that hard to find.
Technically, no one needs to be xenogender to be xenic nor to be xenine, but because of the stigma which comes with any association with xenogenders, it's more common for those who describe themselves with those words to also be xenogender. It is also possible for someone to be xenogender without being either xenine or xenic.
For instance:
- Someone is gendoux and, even though e likes using pastel colors, e uses e/em pronouns, describes eir gender expression as androgynous and doesn't make an effort to express eir xenogender identity. E doesn't describe emself as xenine and doesn't claim to have any sort of gender alignment.
- Someone is buckgender and because of this they also say they are a nonbinary man. Even if he uses both they/them and he/him, they don't incorporate the xenine part of their gender in the way he acts, dresses or introduces himself. They consider themself man-aligned and say it makes more sense for them to describe themself as masculine rather than xenine.
These are the things I can think of that I've seen folks asking about with regards to being xenogender (at least when it doesn't have to do with specific xenogenders). I may add more stuff in the future in case I see relevant questions floating around.
It is possible to:
1. Have a xenogender which is connected to a binary gender (such as glitravir or vaporwavigirl);
2. Have a xenogender related to an archetype usually associated to/included in expectations directed at those with binary genders (such as dulcigender and amaragender;
3. Have more than one gender - or a multifaceted gender identity - where the gender identity includes one or both binary genders as well as one or more xenogenders (and perhaps other genders/gender-related aspects as well).
Even if the differences between someone's assigned gender at birth and their actual gender identity are few, their xenogender will likely not be accepted wherever they live. This person may be accused of wanting to fit into "unnecessary labels", not have their identity taken seriously, be harassed for "believing in those made-up genders" and so on.
Maybe someone whose gender identity is close to their assigned gender at birth isn't comfortable saying they are trans. However, having to hide how they feel about their own gender identity to not be a target of isolation, ridicule and/or violence isn't a part of the cisgender experience. If someone has this experience, they may want to say they are isogender, not cis/"cisn't" or not use any gender modality label at all. However, I don't see the point of someone claiming cisgenderness while potentially having to deal with all this.
If one is xenogender in a way they aren't close to the gender they were assigned at birth, their gender identity might add to the exorsexism and therefore to the cissexism they have to deal with. They might even have trouble being accepted as transfeminine, transmasculine or similar if they are openly xenogender.
If one has multiple genders: this is not a binary experience. If one wants to avoid the term nonbinary that's up to them, but no genderfluid, bigender, trigender, polygender, polygenderflux, pangender or similar experience is seen as acceptable within a cissexist society.
It's the same kind of belonging that someone might have while thinking of themself as a woman or a man. It's a personal stance in relation to other gender archetypes: someone who feels not just like a woman in general, but like a monstruous woman, in a way that separates them from the rest of those who only claim the label of "woman" but in a way that is too specific for the person to be content just calling themself a nonbinary woman, might see themself as a bestia person. Someone who doesn't feel right seeing themself as a man, a woman, genderless or somewhere in between, but who feels like it makes sense to compare their gender experience with the experience of a star, might say they are stargender.
In my case, I don't feel comfortable being seen as a woman nor a man at all (including adjacent or in-between). However, I frequently perceive myself within feminine and masculine stereotypes, even if, again, that doesn't mean I'm comfortable at all being lumped with men and/or women, and I would always rather be seen as someone who isn't close to any binary gender due to my gender dysphoria around that. This means I'm not comfortable adopting a label such as gender neutral or maverique since I do consider femininity and masculinity part of my gender, but I also perceive myself as having a strong sense of gender in a way that doesn't fit the concept of neutrality. Explaining my gender as a large ball of light lets me make an accurate comparison, since strong light sources are hard to ignore and aren't defined by whether they are womanly/manly or in opposition to binary genders.
I know, however, that other folks' xenogenders might express other facets of nonbinary identity: some are completely sure they aren't women nor men, but they are in the punk subculture and that defines their gender expression, social circles and other aspects of their life, so they might see themselves as punque. Others who feel disjointed in men-only spaces but whose manhoods exist even if they are soft and better expressed with pastel colors might see themselves as genderdoux hommes. This is a really personal subject which varies from person to person, much like identification as any other gender identity.
Respostas completas para dúvidas complexas sobre ser xenogênero
Este texto pretende dar respostas mais completas a dúvidas que pessoas têm sobre identidades e pessoas xenogênero. Não é um texto feito para ser sucinto ou simplificado, justamente porque tal tipo de conteúdo já existe e não parece ajudar com certas dúvidas. Para quem procura algo mais básico, sugiro este carrd ou os links oferecidos sob "o que é xenogênero".### O que é xenogênero?
Os textos desta página e desta foram escritos por mim, e acredito que sejam bem explicativos. Mas, resumindo, em minhas próprias palavras:
Xenogênero é um termo guarda-chuva para identidades de gênero que não podem ser descritas apenas a partir de comparações com gêneros binários ou com outros que podem ser definidos apenas a partir de comparações com gêneros binários, e que ao invés disso são definidos ao menos parcialmente a partir de outres estéticas, sensações, sentimentos, conceitos, objetos, formas de vida ou afins.
Para exemplificar, os seguintes termos são comumente considerados xenogêneros:
- Caelgênero: um gênero associado a uma estética espacial, como estrelas, nebulosas, alienígenas, buracos negros, ou mesmo o próprio espaço.
- Floragênero: Um gênero que parece estar profundamente enraizado ou entrelaçado com uma ou mais espécies de plantas.
- Malificae: Um gênero relacionado com bruxaria. É dependente da interpretação de quem usa o termo, mas pode parecer mágico e/ou relacionado com bruxes, ter conexão com feitiços, sigilos e outros tipos de magia, e/ou parecer relacionado a uma vertente específica.
E, embora exista o conceito de xengênero - isto é, de que qualquer gênero pode ser experienciado como um xenogênero - aqui estão alguns exemplos de identidades que eu não consideraria parte do guarda-chuva xenogênero por padrão:
- Autonomique, maverique e outros gêneros definidos de forma similar: Embora suas descrições falem sobre independência, liberdade e/ou afins, estes conceitos parecem estar mais é descrevendo uma liberdade dos gêneros binários e/ou de outros em seu entorno, ao invés de gêneros compostos por tais sensações ou conceitos. Portanto, vejo estes gêneros como definíveis apenas a partir de comparações com gêneros binários. Um argumento similar pode ser feito para gêneros neutros e ambíguos.
- Gêneros afetados por experiências de vida (ex.: afrogênero, integênero, neurogênero): Embora muitas pessoas que se encaixam nesse tipo de termo possam usá-los para descrever suas experiências xenogênero, também há pessoas que usam termos assim para descrever experiências como não ter gênero por conta de neurodivergência ou ser não-binárie por conta de ser intersexo. Assim como não considero gênero-fluido uma experiência inerentemente xenogênero por "ser definida por fluidez", considero que se a parte das experiências de vida não faz parte dos gêneros por si só (algo que deve ser decidido por cada pessoa), não há porque dizer que são experiências xenogênero.
O que eu espero aqui é dê para entender que nem toda experiência rara ou fora do binário de gênero é um xenogênero, mas que ainda assim identidades xenogênero são extremamente diversas.
(Este gráfico e uma explicação específica para ele se encontram aqui.)
Como é que identidades xenogênero funcionam, se gênero se refere ao sexo que alguém se sente ou sentiria mais confortável em ter?
Então, é aí que começa o problema. Infelizmente, muitas pessoas vivem em sociedades que julgam gênero com base em corpo, voz ou afins, e que só reconhecem mulher e homem como opções. Podem, talvez, expressar confusão se alguém conseguir ficar em cima da linha finíssima que separa esses dois gêneros dentro de uma sociedade exorsexista.É possível que uma pessoa se sinta fora do lugar quando é tratada como homem. Essa pessoa pode então ir atrás de terapia hormonal e cirurgias que vão fazer com que a pessoa não tenha mais que passar por isso. Mas isso é uma questão externa, e que não define a identidade de gênero da pessoa. O que a sociedade julga que uma pessoa parece ser não necessariamente reflete como a pessoa se sente internamente.
Porque identidades de gênero, em geral, são formas de se definir acerca de sensações de pertencimento ou alienação em relação aos grupos de gênero existentes. A questão do que a pessoa gosta ou não gosta no próprio corpo pode ser um fator, assim como pode não ser, algo que também se aplica a várias outras questões que podem ajudar a definir a identidade de gênero de alguém.
Os gêneros binários abrangem uma série de arquétipos - como mãe, pai, cavalheiro, freira, playboy, girlboss, nerdão, bruxa ou afins - e sensações de pertencimento ou alienação em relação a tais arquétipos são muitas vezes o que define as identidades de gênero das pessoas. A sensação de pertencimento em grupos voltados para homens ou para mulheres, a linguagem usada para se referir ao gênero presumido e o conforto ou desconforto com normas de gênero também são fatores que podem ser utilizados para definir a própria identidade de gênero.
A ideia de que gêneros são definidos apenas pelos corpos que cada pessoa possui ou busca possuir é algo simplificado, feito principalmente para que pessoas cis entendam o que é ser trans de forma que se encaixe melhor com a forma cissexista que foram ensinadas (que gênero depende do sexo). Há pessoas trans binárias que não fazem todas as modificações corporais que poderiam fazer para parecerem mais cis porque não sentem necessidade, pessoas não-binárias confortáveis em corpos que "parecem binários" e até mesmo pessoas cis inconformistas de gênero que buscam corpos que não são tradicionalmente associados com suas identidades de gênero.
O tratamento social e o corpo desejado podem ser questões suficientes para que alguém se diga mulher, não-binárie ou homem. No entanto, acredito que a questão de arquétipos seja mais relevante quando se pensa em não-binaridade. Algumas pessoas são mulheres e homens; outras possuem um gênero e querem um lugar firme e definido para existir longe dos gêneros binários; outras querem neutralidade em relação a tudo isso; outras não querem participar de nada em relação a isso; e por assim vai.
Pessoas xenogênero possuem identidades de gênero relacionadas (ao menos parcialmente) a arquétipos separados do binário de gênero, e geralmente possuem uma sensação de pertencimento relacionada a tais arquétipos ao invés dos ligados a gêneros binários. Isso pode ser complicado ou abstrato pra quem vê gênero como só o corpo, mas eu garanto que até mesmo muitas pessoas binárias se atrelam a conceitos específicos ligados aos seus gêneros que vão além dos corpos ou do uso de a/ela/a ou o/ele/o.
Quero ressaltar que embora possa existir a questão de ser xenogênero e xenogenital, alterumane e/ou afins, xenogêneros são em geral termos para descrever funcionamento e/ou sensação de identidades de gênero, não para descrever corpos desejados e/ou espécies. Ou seja, uma pessoa floragênero não necessariamente sente disforia por não ser uma planta.
Existe uma pressão social cissexista para ligar identidades de gênero a tipos de corpos ou tratamentos específicos, além de uma percepção deturpada de trolls que coloca ser xenogênero como se fosse uma identificação extrema (e, portanto, impossível ou digna de chacota, na mente de tais pessoas) com o corpo de outra espécie (do tipo "se uma pessoa tem um gênero que é relacionado com sombras, essa pessoa quer ser tratada como se fosse uma sombra e precisa se vestir de preto para parecer mais com uma sombra"). No entanto, definições de identidades de gênero em geral descrevem percepções/afinidades internas, as quais podem ser externalizadas mas nem sempre são.
Edição (08/06/2025) Otherkin e outras identidades fora do conceito de humanidade existem, e inclusive há formas de transição física associadas com dissidências da humanidade. Não-humanes podem ser xenogênero, mesmo que não necessariamente sejam. O problema é que trolls não comparam identidades xenogênero com identificações fora da humanidade de forma respeitosa a ambas as comunidades, e sim empurram a ideia de que gênero = corpo e percepção externa sobre tal corpo e de que, portanto, gênero relacionado a objeto/animal/planta = pessoa que pensa que é objeto/animal/planta, que quer transicionar fisicamente para tal, agir como tal e/ou ser tratada como tal de formas socialmente inaceitáveis (como exigir usar caixas de areia, mito estadunidense, ou exigir dietas nocivas para corpos humanos). É uma mistura de conceitos de não-binaridade com não-humanidade que também promove estereótipos nocivos sobre ambas as comunidades.
Em minha experiência, várias pessoas xenogênero tendem a ser pessoas cujos desejos para seus corpos se alinham mais com questões comuns às que outras pessoas trans desejam como transição física (como querer seios maiores ou menores ou tomar testosterona, antiandrógenos ou estrogênio). Pessoas xenogênero que querem expressar sua xeninidade com seus corpos (querendo, por exemplo, características de espécies não-humanas) tendem a ser mais raras, e muitas vezes colocam isso como questão de alterumanidade ao invés de puramente de identidade de gênero.
Não que eu esteja dizendo isso para justificar pessoas xenogênero como "pessoas trans normais". Pessoas de qualquer identidade de gênero podem querer qualquer tipo de transição corporal, e tanto pessoas xenogênero que estão satisfeitas com os corpos que desenvolveram durante a adolescência quanto pessoas xenogênero que preferiam ter escamas ou ser incorpóreas são válidas. Só quero ressaltar isso porque muitas vezes o discurso ao redor de pessoas não-binárias (especialmente xenogênero) age como se tais experiências de gênero automaticamente nos colocassem à parte de experiências trans que são consideráveis mais comuns ou aceitáveis, mesmo quando são bastante comuns entre nós.
A identidade transxenina existe para pessoas que querem indicar uma forma de identidade, disforia, euforia, expressão, alinhamento e/ou transição de gênero relacionada com xeninidade (característica relacionada à identidade xenogênero). Não é necessário ser xenogênero para ser uma pessoa transxenina, e nem todas as pessoas xenogênero se consideram ou considerariam transxeninas.
Dizer-se xenogênero é uma escolha?
É tanto uma escolha quanto ser mulher, homem, agênero, gênero neutro ou por assim vai. Existem pessoas que veem suas identidades de gênero como imutáveis e indescritíveis de outra forma, pessoas que dizem fazer parte de tais identidades no dia-a-dia ainda que não sejam necessariamente palavras precisas para descrever suas identidades de gênero e pessoas que gostam dos conceitos e que querem fazer parte deles de forma tão forte que é difícil saber se é uma questão de ter escolhido isso ou se isso sempre foi a identidade real da pessoa.Usando o gênero homem para alguns exemplos:
- Alguém pode se dizer homem porque sempre se viu como tal e não consegue ver sua vida de outra forma (independentemente do gênero que lhe foi designado ao nascer).
- Outra pessoa pode dizer que é homem porque é mais fácil simplificar sua identidade não-binária próxima a homem de tal forma.
- Outra pessoa pode não se importar com definir sua identidade de gênero e dizer que é homem só por preferir manter certos privilégios associados a ser vista como homem cis a ser honesta sobre o que sente em relação a gênero.
- Outra pessoa pode achar o conceito de ser homem interessante e tentar ativamente se moldar ao redor dele, e não dá pra saber de um ponto de vista externo se a pessoa "é homem por dentro" ou não. Uma pessoa tratada desde o nascimento como homem que se sente assim pode ver isso como um comportamento natural e esperado, enquanto uma pessoa tratada desde o nascimento como mulher que se sente assim provavelmente não vai se abrir sobre isso porque, no momento atual, admitir que o gênero foi uma escolha e não é uma verdade inata serve como se fosse uma admissão de que o gênero nunca esteve lá.Obviamente, há diferenças entre escolher se dizer homem e escolher se dizer xenogênero. Uma delas é que homem é um gênero com uma carga muito mais rígida de papéis, expressões e corporalidades esperades. Outra é que escolher um xenogênero como identidade não dá nenhuma vantagem social, sendo um guarda-chuva de conceitos controversos até dentro de várias comunidades não-binárias.
Alguém que acredita que é possível ser homem pode ainda assim não acreditar que uma pessoa que se veste de certa forma ou tem certa genitália é homem de verdade. Alguém que acredita que é possível ser xenogênero provavelmente não vai exigir nenhum tipo de obstáculo a fim de provar a identidade de gênero de alguém dizendo ser xenogênero.
Porém, também vai ser bem mais comum que a pessoa xenogênero se sinta isolada em sua identidade, por não ser levada a sério na maioria dos espaços. E é possível que a pessoa xenogênero tenha que lidar com ataques de ódio até de pessoas cisdissidentes ou de pessoas que dizem ser aliadas de pessoas trans.
Enfim, respondendo a pergunta sobre se ser xenogênero é escolha ou não:
- Existem pessoas que só conseguem se descrever precisamente usando um ou mais xenogêneros. Assim, a escolha é entre se dizer xenogênero, mentir ou usar termos mais vagos.
- Existem pessoas que preferem descrever suas identidades de gênero usando metáforas de forma que assim passam a se encaixar no termo xenogênero. Por exemplo, uma pessoa agênero pode gostar de descrever sua ausência de gênero como um vácuo e assim escolher o termo gênero-vácuo ao invés de (apenas) agênero. Esta experiência conta como xenogênero, caso a pessoa queira se identificar como tal.
- Existem pessoas que podem gostar de se descrever como alguma metáfora indicada na descrição de algum xenogênero, e assim adotar algum termo dentro do guarda-chuva xenogênero ou que poderia ser descrito como tal. Na minha experiência, pessoas que fazem isso geralmente já estavam sob o guarda-chuva da não-binaridade antes de adotarem algum xenogênero. Inclusive há pessoas que fazem isso por piada e podem nem se ver como xenogênero de uma forma que consideram séria.É possível dizer que as pessoas que se encaixam no segundo e no terceiro item escolheram ser xenogênero. Porém, isso não significa que suas identidades são inválidas ou que essas pessoas estão mentindo sobre como suas identidades de gênero podem ser descritas.
Por que não se identificar somente como não-binárie?
Não-binárie é um rótulo útil para descrever demandas de pessoas que não são nem 100% homens e nem 100% mulheres. Porém, em relação a descrever identidades de gênero em si, é um termo muito pouco descritivo.Uma pessoa pode não ter gênero e se dizer não-binária. Outra pessoa pode ter uma quantidade imensa de gêneros e se dizer não-binária. Outra pessoa pode experienciar só o gênero mulher ou só o gênero homem, mas, por mudar entre estes de tempos em tempos, também pode se dizer não-binária. Outra pessoa pode ser quase uma mulher, mas por não ser exatamente uma mulher, se dizer não-binária.
Termos mais específicos servem para identificar melhor experiências não-binárias, especialmente em grupos com várias pessoas não-binárias. Por exemplo:
- Pessoas gênero-fluido podem querer mudar de nome e conjunto de linguagem de acordo com qual é sua experiência de gênero em cada momento. Enquanto alguém que é gênero-fluido pode ter que lidar com como indicar essas mudanças e explicar que não é só uma questão de ficar mudando de ideia sobre sua identidade, alguém que é sempre gênero neutro pode nunca ter lidado com isso ou se preocupado em expressar firmeza em relação a sua identidade.
- Pessoas sem gênero podem ter repulsão por situações onde precisam escolher ou especificar "seus gêneros", por mais que possa haver uma certa aceitação de não-binaridade em algumas situações assim. Ume homem não-binárie que geralmente só usa o termo homem para si e que considera ser não-binárie um detalhe raramente relevante pode não ver esse tipo de situação como estressante ou discriminatória.
Pessoas xenogênero possuem a experiência comum de ter suas identidades de gênero vistas como "estranhas" ou "impossíveis", por não serem conectadas apenas ao binário de gênero ou apenas a uma rejeição a ele.
Entretanto, xenogênero também é mais uma descrição ampla para um grupo que tem certas experiências do que uma identidade específica por si só. Uma pessoa que só consegue descrever seu gênero com a cor vermelha pode experienciar gênero de forma bem diferente de alguém que sente que seu gênero é comparável a um grande planeta que se move no espaço. Já uma pessoa cujo gênero é relacionado a um arquétipo de elfe pode nem conseguir entender tais experiências.
É por isso que existem vários xenogêneros: muitas vezes, tais rótulos são a única forma de afirmar a existência de nossas identidades de gênero específicas ao invés de empurrá-las para baixo do tapete com termos relativamente mais comuns ou bem vistos. Pode ser mais fácil ter um termo com uma definição específica e falar de nossas experiências a partir dele do que falar das experiências em um vácuo.
Linguagem em relação a experiências de gênero não-binárias está recém começando a ser desenvolvida. Não só em relação a termos, mas também em relação a como explicar como esses gêneros são experienciados. Talvez no futuro explicar como o gênero de alguém pode ser uma cor ou ter certo tamanho seja algo mais fácil, menos abstrato e menos dependente da cunhagem de termos específicos ou de acreditar que outras pessoas sabem do que estão falando, mas ainda não estamos em tal futuro.
Mas não é mais fácil descrever a identidade de gênero de outra forma?
Como já disse no item sobre se ser xenogênero é escolha ou não, isso depende de cada situação. Porém, independentemente dessa escolha apagar parte fundamental da identidade de alguém ou não, esse tipo de atitude é uma repressão cissexista.Além disso, nem toda pessoa xenogênero tem a preocupação de se assimilar a espaços antixenogênero. Muites preferem ser honestes em relação a como experienciam suas identidades de gênero.
Algumas pessoas se abrem sobre ser xenogênero porque consideram que estão em espaços onde outras pessoas não vão se importar com isso. Outras querem normalizar ser xenogênero em espaços onde esse tipo de identidade normalmente não é visto.
A luta contra o cissexismo não deve ser limitada a tipos específicos de pessoas trans. Libertação real das normas de gênero e de sexo nunca será completa enquanto ela se preocupar mais com respeitabilidade do que com a inclusão de todas as experiências cisdissidentes.
E se alguém tiver um xenogênero problemático?
Às vezes - mais raramente do que pessoas que interpretam certos termos de má fé pensam - realmente há a possibilidade de alguém ter um xenogênero inapropriado.Xenogêneros podem, afinal, ter a ver com qualquer conceito. Então, por exemplo, é possível ter identidades de gênero relacionadas a:
- Obras de ficção com cunho discriminatório e/ou pró-opressão;
- Personagens que cometem atrocidades indefensíveis;
- Sistemas opressivos e/ou figuras que os mantém;
- Estereótipos que perpetuam opressões;
- Comportamentos inadequados e/ou nocivos;
- Interações ou dinâmicas indesejadas e/ou tóxicas;
- Elementos vindos de culturas alheias, por mais que tais elementos estejam sendo filtrados a partir da perspectiva de alguém de fora da cultura.Isso não significa que pessoas com tais identidades de gênero necessariamente apoiem essas coisas. E qualquer pessoa que diga que ter um gênero assim justifica ações violentas, discriminatórias ou inapropriadas de outras formas está ou mentindo (provavelmente para trollar) ou não tem noção do quanto tal comportamento não é aceitável.
No entanto, se a pessoa não está só tentando fazer pessoas xenogênero parecerem horríveis ou sem noção, a questão é essa: a experiência de gênero que a pessoa tem é real. Dependendo do caso, há algumas coisas que essas pessoas podem fazer:
- Usar termos mais abrangentes pra falar de sua identidade de gênero, ao menos na maior parte dos espaços (ex.: xenogênero, não-binárie);
- Tentar achar algum termo cuja definição também abrange sua identidade de gênero de forma relativamente específica, mas que não força a pessoa a ter que detalhar as questões problemáticas (ex.: se alguém tem um gênero relacionado a uma palavra estigmatizada, pode usar lexegênero ao invés de [palavra]léxique);
- Ao mencionar o gênero para pessoas que não o conhecem, é possível explicar sobre suas circunstâncias, justificando que tal identidade não é um endosso do problema com tal identidade, colocando discussão sobre a identidade sob avisos de conteúdo e afins.
Qual a ligação entre xenogêneros e neurodivergência?
Muitas pessoas neurodivergentes se sentem alienadas em relação aos comportamentos esperados de pessoas binárias e/ou não entendem os conceitos de homem ou mulher o suficiente para se identificar com tais gêneros. Tais pessoas comumente se veem como não-binárias e, se suas identidades de gênero podem ser descritas como sensações, sentimentos, conceitos, espécies ou até mesmo com suas neurodivergências, elas podem acabar se vendo como xenogênero.Xenogêneros não são exclusivos de pessoas neurodivergentes. A ideia de que "só alguém neurodivergente usaria esses termos aí" é fundamentalmente capacitista. Sinestesia é algo que afeta certas pessoas de forma que elas são xenogênero por conta disso, mas nem todas as pessoas xenogênero neurodivergentes são sinestetas.
Existem neurogêneros - identidades de gênero dependentes de neurodivergências e por isso específicas a pessoas neurodivergentes - que são também xenogêneros. Mas nem todo neurogênero é xenogênero (por razões especificadas na primeira seção), assim como nem todo xenogênero é um neurogênero.
É possível que um dos motivos pelo qual tantas pessoas xenogênero sejam neurodivergentes é que é mais fácil admitir ser algo fora do comum quando uma existência já não é aceita como a correta. Por exemplo, se uma pessoa já tem poucas amizades e não é levada a sério quando tenta se comunicar, pode ser mais fácil aceitar sua realidade como xenogênero ou se atrair pelo conceito em comparação a alguém que teria mais a perder caso se abrisse como xenogênero.
Quais tratamentos que pessoas xenogênero usam? Qual o pronome que uso para alguém [insira xenogênero aqui]?
(Caso alguém lendo não entenda muito sobre o assunto de linguagem pessoal, um texto detalhado sobre isso se encontra aqui. Caso a questão seja só entender de forma resumida do que os termos desta seção se tratam, há uma explicação curta do que é artigo, pronome e final de palavra aqui. Uma explicação relativamente sucinta sobre o assunto mas mais contextualizada do que o link anterior pode ser encontrada neste panfleto em PDF.)Assim como no caso de qualquer pessoa, especialmente quando se fala de pessoas não-binárias, linguagem pessoal não precisa ter associação com gênero. Inclusive, o uso de "linguagem masculina", "linguagem feminina" e "linguagem neutra" para descrever conjuntos específicos é prejudicial à expressão pessoal de conjuntos de linguagem e reforça conformidade de gênero.
Ou seja:
- Existem pessoas xenogênero que usam a/ela/a.
- Existem pessoas xenogênero que usam o/ele/o.
- Existem pessoas xenogênero que usam estes dois conjuntos.
- Existem pessoas xenogênero que usam a/ela/a e/ou o/ele/o e mais um ou mais conjuntos.
- Existem pessoas xenogênero que usam um ou mais conjuntos que veem como neutros, como -/elu/e, -/-/- ou ê/ile/e.
- Existem pessoas xenogênero que aceitam qualquer conjunto de linguagem.
- Existem pessoas xenogênero que, sim, tentam usar conjuntos que remetem a suas identidades de gênero.
- Existem pessoas xenogênero que usam outros conjuntos só porque gostam deles ou de ser associadas com eles. Ou por serem os conjuntos que menos desgostam.
- Existem pessoas xenogênero que mudam de conjunto(s) de tempos em tempos.
Existe o conceito de xenopronomes (me refiro aqui a pronomes porque é um conceito que em geral só se fala sobre na língua inglesa ou de forma extremamente anglocêntrica). Os lugares onde pessoas definem o termo formalmente falam que são pronomes teoréticos que não teriam como ser colocados em palavras, mas ocasionalmente existem pessoas que usam o termo ou para se referir a neopronomes (ex.: elu, elx, íli, ale, estrel) ou a neopronomes que foram feitos tomando xenogêneros ou xeninidade como base (ex.: estrel para estrela, ogo para fogo, miau para gates ou miados).
A definição que fala sobre xenopronomes serem pronomes teoréticos não tem muita ligação com ser xenogênero por si só, ainda que pessoas que desejem ser tratadas por tal forma possam ser xenogênero e possam ter essa vontade por conta de ser xenogênero. A outra definição tem mais a ver com xenogênero, mas também não é exclusividade de pessoas xenogênero.
Talvez seja possível dizer que alguém que usa fo/ogo/o por ser um conjunto relacionado com fogo ao invés de com ser homem ou ser mulher esteja usando um conjunto de linguagem xenino (independentemente dessa pessoa ter ou não um gênero relacionado com fogo, calor, luz ou o que for). Mas seria também possível alguém usar esse conjunto só por gostar da sonoridade, sem se importar com a conexão com fogo.
É o mesmo caso do conjunto a/ela/a poder ser usado para remeter à feminilidade sem que isso torne o conjunto universalmente feminino, ou sem que conjuntos femininos tenham que ser resumidos a a/ela/a. A intenção pessoal pode ter a ver com identidade e/ou expressão de gênero, mas classificar um conjunto ou um elemento de um conjunto ignora outras possibilidades.
Talvez isso não seja tão óbvio quando se trata de um conjunto como fo/ogo/o. Mas que tal e/el/a? Uma pessoa pode usar por remeter à palavra estrela. Outra pode só estar usando um neoartigo comum, um neopronome simples e um final de palavra padrão. Digamos que alguém usando ce/els/u esteja se referindo a céu. O pronome els ainda é xenino quando usado dentro do conjunto -/els/e?
Eu não sou contra sugestões xeninas como estas ou outras. Só espero que dê pra entender que associar certas identidades de gênero ou certos conceitos com certos conjuntos de linguagem ou com elementos específicos de conjuntos de linguagem é algo limitante que vai contra várias experiências reais.
Todos esses xenogêneros são realmente usados?
Enquanto existem pessoas que cunham xenogêneros só porque é uma atividade fácil (é só se decidir sobre um conceito e um nome atrelado a ele, e dependendo de quem for também vai fazer um retângulo com faixas coloridas pra que o termo tenha uma bandeira), muitos xenogêneros acabam, sim, sendo adotados. Isso porque muitas pessoas xenogênero também possuem múltiplos gêneros, e não é difícil encontrar pessoas em espaços pró-xenogênero com listas de gêneros possuindo de vinte a centenas de xenogêneros.Então, pra responder a pergunta: não, eu acho que nem todos os termos cunhados são usados por pessoas que se encaixam neles. Mas acredito que a maioria seja, porque tem muito mais gente usando esses termos do que parece.
Imagino que o interesse nesse tipo de pergunta tenha a ver com "cortar" identidades de gênero de listas, de não ter que "se preocupar com todos esses gêneros". Já aviso que o esforço é inútil. Por mais que uma lista tente incluir vários termos mais abrangentes ou comuns, sempre vão aparecer pessoas com xenogêneros obscuros que não se encaixam ou não querem se encaixar nos termos listados.
Dito isso, ninguém precisa decorar todas as identidades de gênero existentes. É só não descrever pessoas com identidades que elas não possuem que isso não deve causar nenhum problema.
Como alguém que mantém listas de identidades de gênero (e que geralmente precisa traduzi-las), eu não sou muito fã de pessoas cunhando identidades de gênero à toa, só como hobby ou produção de conteúdo. Mas sei que existem infinitas possibilidades em relação a identidades de gênero, e que portanto sempre terei que adicionar mais coisas às listas para ajudar a representar a verdadeira diversidade das identidades não-binárias.
(Fonte)
O que é xênique? Por que alguns gêneros são descritos como xênicos? Existe diferença entre xênique e xenine?
Xênique é alguém cujo alinhamento de gênero é com xenogênero, assim como lunariane descreve alguém cujo alinhamento de gênero é com mulher. Alinhamento de gênero por si só é um conceito complexo e muito mal entendido.Vou tentar resumir: algumas pessoas não-binárias começaram a se dizer "alinhadas a homens" ou "alinhadas a mulheres" para significar uma porção de coisas, como por exemplo:
- Ter identidade de gênero parecida com tal gênero binário;
- Ter experiências similares a homens ou mulheres trans por conta do que precisam passar para conseguir hormônios, mudanças de nome ou afins;
- Ser tratadas como um certo gênero binário em sua vida diária;
- Ter afinidade com termos e/ou grupos associados com certo gênero binário (ex.: movimento feminista, comunidades de homens gays).Depois que termos específicos foram cunhados pra descrever quem tem alinhamento com homens (solariane) e com mulheres (lunariane), pessoas começaram a também explorar outras formas de alinhamento. O termo xênique (original: xenic) foi então cunhado para descrever aquelus alinhades com xenogêneros.
Geralmente, pessoas xênicas são pessoas xenogênero que não só usam um ou mais xenogêneros para se descrever, mas que também incorporam características de ser xenogênero em sua expressão de gênero, sua transição desejada, seu conjunto de linguagem ou afins. Às vezes também são simplesmente pessoas xenogênero que não querem ter que lidar com a dualidade de escolher se são agrupadas com homens ou com mulheres, e que preferem afirmar que seu único alinhamento é com o próprio gênero que são. Ser xênique não se resume nisso, mas geralmente são estas as situações que fazem com que alguém se diga xênique.
Enfim, depois da cunhagem de solariane e lunariane, começou a ser popular cunhar um monte de identidades de gênero e orientações que dependem de alinhamentos de gênero, ainda que tal conceito exista justamente para descrever situações que muitas vezes vão além da identidade de gênero. E, por algum motivo, o termo xênique foi unicamente popularizado como um sinônimo pra quem não queria usar xenogênero ou xenine ao definir identidades de gênero.
Por exemplo, há cunhagens de termos que são separadamente "para pessoas femininas", "para pessoas masculinas", "para pessoas neutras" e "para pessoas xênicas", mesmo que alinhamento de gênero não tenha a ver com as outras definições. Eu acredito que a intenção nesses casos era a de dizer "para pessoas xeninas" - novamente, xeninidade é a característica que parte de ser xenogênero - mas xênique acaba sendo o termo usado.
Também já vi ocorrerem casos como "atração por mulheres"/"atração por homens"/"atração por pessoas xênicas", quando, novamente, os outros termos não são relacionados a alinhamentos. Desta vez, é a palavra xenogênero que seria mais apropriada.
A própria questão de atração por um alinhamento de gênero é controversa, visto que há múltiplas razões para alguém ter um alinhamento de gênero e nem todas são relacionadas com aceitar atração de pessoas que sentem atração pelo gênero com o qual estão alinhadas. Embora discussões sobre ter atração específica por pessoas não-binárias ainda sejam relativamente novas, ainda acho que faz mais sentido alguém falar em ter atração por pessoas xenogênero ou por pessoas não-binárias do que por pessoas xênicas.
Acredito que já tenha dado pra entender a relação entre xenine e xênique. Xenine descreve algo ou alguém que tem característica de xenogênero, xênique descreve alguém que tem certo alinhamento de gênero. Embora palavras evoluam, acredito que isso não se dê de forma tão rápida enquanto é possível procurar as definições de cada termo online.
Pessoas não precisam ser xenogênero para ser xênicas ou xeninas, mas por conta do estigma em cima de ser xenogênero, é mais comum que pessoas xenogênero se descrevam destas formas. Também é possível ser xenogênero sem ser xenine ou xênique. Por exemplo:
- Alguém é gendoux e, por mais que goste de usar cores pastéis, a pessoa usa a/ela/a, descreve sua expressão de gênero como andrógina e não se esforça para expressar sua identidade xenogênero. Tal pessoa não se descreve como xenina e não se vê como alinhada a nenhum gênero ou grupo de identidades de gênero.
- Alguém é cervogênero e por conta disso se diz homem não-binárie. Apesar de usar tanto ê/elu/e quanto o/ele/o, tal homem NB não incorpora nada da parte xenina de seu gênero em como age, se veste ou se reinvindica. Elu se considera alinhade com o gênero homem e considera que faz mais sentido se dizer masculine do que xenine.
Considerações finais
São estas as coisas que consigo pensar que já vi pessoas perguntando sobre em relação a xenogêneros (ao menos quando não se trata de xenogêneros específicos). É possível que eu adicione mais coisas aqui caso encontre outras perguntas.Adição 1 (11/05): É possível ser xenogênero e cis ou binárie?
O que é possível:
1. Ter um xenogênero que também está conectado a ser de um gênero binário (ex.: glitravir, petiera);
2. Ter um xenogênero cujo arquétipo é tradicionalmente incluso em um gênero binário (ex.: dulcigênero, amaragênero);
3. Ter mais de um gênero - ou uma identidade de gênero com múltiplas facetas - onde há um gênero binário acompanhado de xenogêneros (e possivelmente de outras identidades que não são xenogêneros) também.Mesmo que alguém não veja muita diferença entre o gênero binário que lhe foi atribuído ao nascer e o seu, ser xenogênero provavelmente não vai ser algo aceito no lugar onde vive. A pessoa pode ser acusada de querer se colocar em caixas desnecessárias, não ter o termo que usa levado a sério, ser xingada por "acreditar nesses gêneros inventados" e por assim vai.
Talvez alguém cujo gênero seja muito parecido com o atribuído ao nascer não se sinta confortável dizendo que é trans. Mas ter que esconder sua percepção sobre o próprio gênero para não ser alvo de exclusão, chacota ou violência não é uma experiência cis. Quem quiser pode se dizer isogênero, cisdissidente, ou não usar nenhum termo para sua modalidade de gênero. No entanto, não vejo muito sentido em chamar essa experiência de cis.
No caso de pessoas cujo gênero atribuído não possui similaridades com seu xenogênero, tal xenogênero pode adicionar ao exorsexismo e portanto ao cissexismo que sofre, de formas já citadas. A pessoa até pode ter mais dificuldade em ter sua identidade transfeminina, transmasculina ou similar aceita caso também seja abertamente xenogênero.
No caso de pessoas com múltiplos gêneros: esta é uma experiência não-binária. Se a pessoa quer se dizer não-binária ou não é com ela, mas nenhuma experiência gênero-fluido, bigênero, trigênero, poligênero, poligênero-fluxo, pangênero ou afins é vista como aceitável dentro dos padrões cis.
Adição 2 (08/07/26): Mas como é a sensação de um xenogênero?
É o mesmo tipo de pertencimento que alguém pode ter ao pensar em si próprie como mulher ou homem. É um posicionamento pessoal em relação a outros arquétipos de gênero: uma pessoa que pensa em si mesma não como mulher como um geral, mas como mulher de uma forma monstruosa, de forma que separa a pessoa do gênero mulher ainda que a pessoa queira especificar melhor do que o termo mulher não-binárie, pode se dizer beluagênero. Uma pessoa que não se sente confortável com a ideia de ser mulher, homem, sem gênero ou algo no meio disso, mas que acha que faz sentido comparar a sua experiência como a de uma estrela, pode se dizer gênero-estrela.No meu caso, eu não me sinto confortável sendo colocade como mulher ou homem (ou algo entre tais gêneros). Porém, meu gênero contém feminilidade e masculinidade, por eu me identificar com estes estereótipos com frequência: só não estou nada confortável com outras pessoas me enxergando como mulher e/ou homem, e considero minha vontade constante de expôr minha não-binaridade como a presença de um gênero. Eu não acho coerente usar algum termo como maverique ou gênero neutro pela presença de qualidades associadas com gêneros binários e pela força da minha disforia/euforia de gênero, respectivamente, então acredito que comparar meu gênero com uma bola de luz - algo que chama a atenção, não é relacionado com gêneros binários e também não se define pela rejeição a gêneros binários - faz sentido.
Para outras pessoas, porém, sei que seus xenogêneros podem expressar sentimentos de não-binaridade ligados a outras questões: pessoas que definitivamente não são mulheres e nem homens, mas que sabem que são punks e que isso define suas vidas, suas interações interpessoais e que comunidades frequentam, podem ser punkcóricas. Pessoas que se sentem deslocadas de espaços para homens mas que possuem uma hombridade que consideram leve e melhor expressada por uma expressão de gênero composta por tons pastéis podem se dizer homdoux. É algo que varia muito de pessoa para pessoa.
Xenopronouns
Xenopronouns are a type of hypothetical neopronouns that are not able to be understood by humans and/or expressed through human language. Theoretical examples of...LGBTQIA+ Wiki
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Natural plant products are moving from niche shelves to everyday online carts in the United States. The shift is not only about convenience. It also reflects how people now research ingredients, compare formats, read sourcingRead Moreabdul basit (TIME BUSINESS NEWS)
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Recently an update broke something in flatpak and in consequence freecad would refuse to load completly. There was no way for me to know what actually happened and all the time i thought freecad was at fault.
The infamous gma500 driversupport condeming so many netbooks to become ewaste instead of having a second life with linux.
I am disappointed at professional application support, but not with Linux specifically. In my professional life I have needed to use products like Visio, Adobe Suite, Autodesk software, and others.
I am often forced to use Windows for my work computer because of these limitations, and while I realize its not the fault of Linux, the lack of install base demanding professional applications run on Linux is a community issue. While I always prefer FOSS over PROP software, sometimes I really do need to run PROP software on linux, and that means convincing enough people to demand that support from the developer.
that means convincing enough people to demand that support from the developer.
I think it means convincing people to drop the proprietary platform and telling the sales rep that both lack of Linux support is why you're dropping them and what application you're switching to. As long as you're still a revenue stream for them they're not incentivized to change. I do recognize, though, that this isn't always professionally possible as the end user.
True but that's far less of an issue for most mainstream distros. If it works on one Linux distro then it probably works on another or a reasonable tech person can address the missing dependencies.
While I don't love flat packs it's one thing they do tend to solve.
I am disappointed we still don't have a solid FOSS smartphone OS that can compete with the 2 monopolies who have cornered the market.
I don"t want ro sell my soul to Google or Apple just to use my bank (even on my computer thanks to mandatory 2fa apps) or to renew my government issued ID or to buy a train ticket on European public transport.
postmarketOS, LineageOS, GrapheneOS?
I know they have limited hardware support but that's only a matter of involvement at the end of the day
have you tried it on a real device? maybe this is a hardware support issue, but no matter which DE i use (be it phosh, plasma mobile, gnome, ..) it was extremely buggy and mostly unusable. battery drained like crazy, calls didn't work properly, the list goes on. to be fair this was on a poco f1 and lg k10, which aren't in main or community though..
my daily driver is a 2013 phone with custom rom and i've daily'ed a self ported ubports phone in the past, my level of tolerance for buggy experience in daily driver phones is very likely much lower than others
Before Proton, I wasn't able to consider Linux as a viable solution for home computing at all. I could set up and manage a pihole, and salvage an old laptop to use for word processing and email, but couldn't run anything my family or non-techie friends were familiar with.
Sure Wine was a thing, but I think for most casual users it wasn't worth the hassle.
My first attempt with Ubuntu 15ish years ago was horrible; almost nothing worked, GPU support was trash, it was just an all around miserable experience.
With proton, stuff just works. It's like a whole new ecosystem now.
Edit: not the kernel or the GNU utilities themselves, but rather some people on the various affiliated forums. While most people have been kind and helpful, a handful of bad apples don't know how to behave. They are hostile to the point where one could easily lose the will to have anything to do with Linux.
I have only ever been positively surprised. Just a few of all the good habits that Linux has made me adopt:
1. RTFM
2. Reading logs
3. Keeping/reusing old hardware
Yes, the packaging mess that Atomic distros cause.
I want a couple of functional things:
- To be able to safely upgrade my system silently, without interruptions, and rollback of necessary
- To know my system is not drifting away from upstream defaults and to restore it to a “factory” state
- To sandbox applications
I’d like to be able to do all that efficiently and cleanly too. Atomic systems generally fulfill those first two while traditional distros struggle, which is why I stick to Atomic distros.
But whereas you can use a single package manager on Arch and get everything (albeit without easy sandboxing), Atomics keep adding more and more. Here’s your rpm-ostree, flatpak, toolbox, homebrew, sysexts, etc.
I find sysexts particularly insulting because they regress so much on traditional packages for so little upside. Doesn’t even have dependency management.
I would wish we would stop creating so many package managers and just focus on improving existing ones.
In a more ideal world we would have something like
- Distro based on Freedesktop runtimes
- Flatpak that officially supports both GUI applications, CLI applications, and even daemons/services
- Flatpak would also be able to reuse the Freedesktop runtimes of the host system
Oh sure, all the time.
A computer running public auditable software refined by some of history's top computer scientists...is still just a computer.
We taught spicy electrified rocks how to help us fill out tax forms.
It's going to fall short every so often.
It's more what he's not doing: blocking MIT licensed drivers in the kernel.
Also there was that thing with banning Russia from the LKML. He stressed over he was a Finn at that opportunity. Don't ask what the Finns were doing at the WWII. And he's a pro status quo kind of guy.
Do you mean the USA? UK? France? ISRAEL???
You NATO removed are ridiculous. And the true enemy of the humankind.
user is from lemmy.ml
Yeah, that tracks
he means Russia because that is the country that was banned from the Linux kernel mailing list
the UK, USA, France, Israel and NATO were not banned from the Linux kernel mailing list
the topic of this discussion is people getting banned from the Linux kernel mailing list
hope this helps
The moments I have been disappointed by Linux were the moments I learned most about hardware and software.
Linux made me switch the WiFi card of my computer, which is something I’ve never done before and would have deemed “impossible”.
Linux is like a teacher that sometimes slaps you on the hands, but who is always helping you to expand your knowledge.
It's usually not malicious. Hardware is that way by default, and it takes effort to make it not be that way, and then someone still has to write the driver.
Technically all the info you need is inside the Windows driver, it's just a bit difficult to get at. It's on us to git gud so we won't need the cooperation of the hardware companies.
The biggest thing I fought with since getting started has been audio. First figuring out how to make an Elgato device cooperate (not exactly the most linux-friendly company to say the least), then setting up virtual sinks and routing everything appropriately, and finally getting my mic to not sound like actual garbage.
Frustrating as hell and a very long process to get all of that working out, but definitely learned a lot from it.
Yes because Linux encourages you to make it your OS by customizing it, but it’s not easy as it should to create a backup of all that work so that you can easily deploy it on another computer.
I know that Clonezilla works in some situations or that NixOS coulb be a solution, but it’s not should be easier.
Isn't everything in dot files in home? Create package lists and export them, add dot files.
Or keep home on a seperate partition or drive.
New installation, import package list.
This seems straight forward to me.
I’ve never tried it, even if I know people are using it.
Still it’s not an easy solution like the one people are using when upgrading from an old to a new iPhone.
I know Linux doesn’t have Apple behind, but it’s better than Windows/Mac in every other way, so why not try to improve this?
I am not sure whats to improve, it is just a situation where it is easy if you know how.
As for the iphone, the amount of trouble that process has caused me is not trivial. Things are not the same! I would put it as more complicated. People are just used to dealing with it. Part of the issue with the iphone is applications and Icloud crap.
i think you can just move the home directory and install same packages, i've done this numerous times
in fact, i still don't know how to properly migrate a windows or osx system (other than imaging the entire drive)
In 2014, I felt like Canonical / Ubuntu actually added value beyond the Debian it was based on.
As the years rolled on, Debian's "shortcomings" became fewer and less important, meanwhile Canonical's handling of Ubuntu has slowly accumulated what I consider "negative value." Since 2024, my new installs have been Debian based, no more Canonical/Ubuntu. Fresh Ubuntu installs are still a bit more polished than Debian, but not in any way that compensates for the negative aspects of virtually forced use of snap packaging, Gnome (Xubuntu is a viable option, but so is XFCE on Debian), holding LTS updates hostage behind paywalls, etc.
Yes, I installed Fedora and everything was working OOTB. Nothing to tinker with, no issue with sound, WiFi, Bluetooth or external screens. Then I moved this SSD to a new AMD laptop and it worked perfectly. It even switched from Intel to AMD utils by itself.
So disappointing.
I am perpetually disappointed by both Windows and the various flavors of Linux.
The difference is: there's relatively little you can do to "fix" Windows when you really need to. When Linux is broken, it may be a lot of work, but the option to fix it as you believe it should work is always there...
It's difficult to be disappointed with something that is free.
Actually, one shouldn't be disappointed with things. Only people can disappoint you.
I was disappointed in the Debian crew when they standardized on systemd when it clearly wasn't ready yet.
And I was disappointed in the people running some distros that made Wayland the standard when it clearly wasn't ready yet (a few apps I rely on don't support it or run poorly on Wayland even now).
Other than that, free software, free choice, and a lot of learning possibilities. You just have to adapt your expectations. Change hardware, change software, change distros, and learn.
In the old days, lots, mostly around hardware support and until very recently the ability to run most games.
Nowadays, I’m mostly disappointed with the desktop environments lacking features that BeOS had in 1997. This is honestly a kernel and filesystem issue since most of those features require that the kernel/filesystem fully support indexed, extensible attribute queries. xattrs aren’t nearly sufficient. The remainder are framework/UI threading model limitations, which aren’t really kernel related.
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i have really slow selecting image upload and also gallery (up to minute), maybe caused by lot of photos taken, as more photos i do its worseGitLab
The ubports installer generally makes installing Ubuntu Touch a breeze on supported devices. 😀
The hardest part is downgrading Android in cases where that is necessary.
A friendly cross-platform Installer for Ubuntu Touch. Connect a supported device to your PC, follow the on-screen instructions, and watch this awesome tool do all the rest!devices.ubuntu-touch.io
A thermal desorption unit is widely used for the treatment of contaminated soil, oil sludge, drilling waste, and other hydrocarbon-bearing materials. By applying controlled heat to volatilize organic contaminants without combustion, the system enables the recovery of hydrocarbons while reducing hazardous waste volumes. Although the thermal desorption process itself is the technological core of the project, long-term operational success depends equally on well-designed supporting infrastructure.
Infrastructure planning should be integrated into the earliest stages of project development. A properly designed facility improves operational efficiency, enhances safety, simplifies maintenance, and ensures compliance with environmental regulations.
Site selection is the foundation of infrastructure development for thermal desorption unit. The location should accommodate both current operational requirements and future expansion while minimizing transportation and utility costs.
Key site selection factors include:
Projects located close to oilfields, refineries, drilling operations, or industrial waste storage facilities often benefit from lower logistics costs and shorter transportation distances.
Local zoning regulations should also permit industrial waste treatment activities before construction begins.
The arrangement of equipment and supporting infrastructure has a direct influence on production efficiency and workplace safety.
A logical layout generally separates the facility into functional areas such as:
Material flow should follow a continuous and streamlined path to minimize unnecessary transportation and reduce operational bottlenecks.
Adequate space should also be reserved for equipment maintenance and emergency access.
Thermal desorption equipment operates under elevated temperatures and continuous mechanical loading. Stable civil engineering structures are therefore essential.
Foundation design should consider:
Reinforced concrete foundations are commonly used for heavy processing equipment. Structural calculations should account for long-term operational conditions rather than installation requirements alone.
Proper foundation construction helps maintain equipment alignment and extends mechanical service life.
Reliable utility systems support every aspect of plant operation.
Essential infrastructure typically includes:
The electrical system should provide sufficient capacity for:
Backup power solutions may be considered for critical safety systems and process control equipment.
Water may be required for:
Water demand should be evaluated according to process design and local resource availability.
Many automated valves and control devices rely on compressed air systems for reliable operation.
Stable air pressure contributes to accurate process control and equipment reliability.
Incoming materials often require temporary storage before processing.
Storage design should account for:
Oil sludge and contaminated materials may require enclosed storage areas with impermeable flooring to prevent secondary environmental contamination.
Proper inventory management also improves production scheduling and operational continuity.
Environmental infrastructure is an essential component of any thermal desorption project.
Important environmental facilities include:
Emission treatment systems should be designed according to expected contaminant characteristics and applicable environmental regulations.
Environmental monitoring equipment enables continuous evaluation of plant performance and regulatory compliance.
Thermal desorption produces treated solids, recovered hydrocarbons, and process residues that require organized handling.
Infrastructure planning should include:
Proper segregation prevents cross-contamination and improves operational efficiency.
Clearly defined traffic routes reduce the risk of accidents during material handling activities.
Modern thermal desorption facilities increasingly rely on automated control systems to improve process stability.
Supporting infrastructure may include:
Digital infrastructure enables continuous monitoring of operating conditions, equipment status, and production performance.
Automated data collection also simplifies maintenance planning and regulatory reporting.
Safety systems should be incorporated into infrastructure planning rather than added after construction.
Essential safety facilities include:
Facility design should provide adequate access for emergency response personnel while minimizing potential hazard exposure.
Regular inspection and testing ensure that safety infrastructure remains fully functional throughout the operating lifecycle.
Infrastructure should support efficient equipment maintenance while allowing flexibility for future production growth.
Planning considerations include:
Providing sufficient clearance around major equipment simplifies inspection, repair, and component replacement.
Expansion planning reduces future construction disruption if production capacity increases.
Infrastructure development is a critical element of successful thermal desorption projects. While the processing equipment performs the core treatment function, supporting infrastructure determines how efficiently, safely, and sustainably the facility operates over its lifecycle.
A comprehensive infrastructure plan should integrate site selection, civil engineering, utility systems, environmental protection, automation, and safety into a cohesive operational framework. By investing in well-designed infrastructure during the early stages of project development, operators can improve equipment reliability, reduce operating costs, strengthen regulatory compliance, and create a solid foundation for long-term industrial performance.
Discover how the Thermal Desorption Unit (TDU) transforms hazardous waste into valuable resources for a sustainable future.bestonmachinery (Beston Group)
Pourquoi Molière est il aussi central dans l'historie de la littérature telle qu'elle est fournie à l'école. est ce que c'est vraiment parce que c'est un auteur génial, ou pour une autre raison
Script:
fiamoa.eu/Touati(2026)_Moli%C3…
Sources:
Albanese Jr, Ralph, 1992, Molière et l’école républicaine. De la critique universitaire aux manuels scolaires (1875-1914)
Benard, É. (2018). XVIII. Une figure romantique Molière, entre Don Quichotte et Sancho Pança. Molière des Romantiques (p. 361-375). Hermann. shs.cairn.info/moliere-des-rom…
Calleja-Roque, I. (2020). Molière, un héros national de l’École. Grenoble: UGA Éditions. doi.org/10.4000/books.ugaediti…
Ledda, S. (2012). 8 - Musset et Molière. Dans M. Poirson Ombres de Molière : Naissance d’un mythe littéraire travers ses avatars du XVIIe siècle à nos jours (p. 381-402). Armand Colin. doi.org/10.3917/arco.poirs.201…
M. Poirson Ombres de Molière : Naissance d’un mythe littéraire travers ses avatars du XVIIe siècle à nos jours. Armand Colin. doi.org/10.3917/arco.poirs.201…
Requemora, Sylvie, 2005. ‘Que diable allait-il faire dans cette galère ?’ De Cyrano à Molière.. Cyrano de Bergerac, Cyrano de Sannois, , Sannois, France. ⟨hal-01631063⟩
Richard, Françoise, 2020, Il Molière de Carlo Goldoni (1751) : de la poétique en action à l’autobiographie IN Voyages des textes de théâtre. Italie-France-Italie
Robic, M. (2012). 15 - Des Fourberies de Scapin aux Fourberies de Nérine : Molière et Banville. Dans M. Poirson Ombres de Molière : Naissance d’un mythe littéraire travers ses avatars du XVIIe siècle à nos jours (p. 381-402). Armand Colin. doi.org/10.3917/arco.poirs.201…
Les pièces dont sont extraits les scène de théatre son disponible sur la playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrf…
Search engine optimization lives in one mental box. Website aesthetics live in another. Ask most business owners to describe each discipline and you will hear two completely unrelated narratives. One involves data, algorithms, and content strategy. The other involves visual identity, brand expression, and creative taste. The reality is far more intertwined than popular thinking suggests.
Failing to recognize this intersection leads to projects that prioritize surface appeal at the expense of discoverability — or produce content that no one ever finds because the site holding it cannot be properly indexed. Here is where design decisions and search outcomes collide.
Google's crawlers traverse the internet through links. They land on a page, read its content, extract every hyperlink, and follow those paths to additional pages. Repeat this process across millions of sites and you begin to appreciate why a clear, navigable structure matters so profoundly.
When a site's internal linking resembles a maze with no consistent logic, crawlers hit dead ends. Pages buried three or four clicks from the homepage without any cross-references may never get indexed at all. Duplicate navigation patterns across different sections further confuse the crawling process, causing bots to waste time re-crawling the same content repeatedly.
Effective architecture starts with a deliberate hierarchy. Primary pages connect to secondary categories. Categories branch into individual articles and product pages. Every page links back to at least one higher-level parent. This layered approach creates multiple pathways that crawlers can follow without encountering barriers.
Someone who builds websites professionally understands these structural principles as foundational rather than optional. Before selecting a single color or choosing a typeface, they establish the skeleton that determines whether search engines can discover everything the site contains.
Google publicly shifted its indexing approach to prioritize mobile rendering. The search engine now crawls your site as a smartphone browser would see it. If your desktop experience is polished but your mobile layout suffers from broken columns, unreadable text, or inaccessible navigation, that mobile version becomes the basis for ranking decisions.
Responsive construction eliminates the need for separate mobile and desktop versions entirely. A single codebase detects the visitor's screen dimensions and adapts fluidly. Elements rearrange themselves. Spacing adjusts proportionally. Touch targets scale to finger-friendly sizes without explicit instruction.
The consequences of neglecting this are measurable. Pages that frustrate mobile visitors generate high bounce rates, short session durations, and frequent returns to the search results page. Search engines interpret these patterns as dissatisfaction signals and reduce the page's visibility accordingly.
Professionals who build for modern audiences test across a range of real devices during development. They verify that every critical function works equally well on a four-inch screen and a twenty-seven-inch monitor. Consistency across contexts is not a luxury — it is the baseline requirement for competitive ranking.
Performance discussions in digital marketing rarely examine how aesthetic preferences affect load times. Yet every design decision carries a performance implication. A full-bleed hero photograph at three thousand pixels wide weighs significantly more than a thoughtfully cropped version. A library of eight custom fonts slows rendering dramatically compared to two carefully selected families.
When pages load slowly, search engines respond negatively. Studies consistently demonstrate that each additional second of load time increases bounce probability substantially. For e-commerce sites, those delays translate directly into lost revenue. For content sites, they translate into lost readership.
Balancing visual richness with technical efficiency requires deliberate restraint. Compressing images before upload, selecting efficient font formats, deferring non-essential scripts, and limiting decorative animations to high-impact moments all contribute to faster rendering without sacrificing aesthetic quality.
A web designer with genuine technical depth treats page speed as a design constraint from the earliest planning stages. Rather than optimizing after the visual work is complete, they measure performance continuously throughout the creative process and make adjustments before problems compound.
Google measures how users interact with your pages after arriving from search results. Time on page, scroll depth, click-through to additional pages, and whether someone immediately returns to the results list all feed into ranking calculations. These behavioral metrics serve as proxies for content quality and relevance.
Design profoundly shapes these interactions. A page with inconsistent spacing between sections creates a disjointed reading experience. Navigation menus that use jargon instead of plain language leave visitors uncertain about where to click next. Pages without clear visual hierarchy force users to scan aimlessly rather than absorb information efficiently.
Structuring content with generous whitespace, readable line lengths, and prominent section breaks keeps visitors engaged. Placing related content links at natural transition points encourages deeper exploration. Consistent layout patterns across pages build familiarity that reduces cognitive friction.
Agencies that build digital experiences pay close attention to these behavioral indicators. They analyze how real visitors navigate, identify drop-off points, and refine layout patterns based on observed usage rather than assumptions.
A surprisingly common problem involves rendering essential page content as part of image files rather than as coded HTML text. A designer creates a visually appealing banner that incorporates the company's core messaging. The resulting graphic looks polished. Search engines, however, perceive only the image file name — they cannot extract individual words from pixels.
This distinction matters enormously for relevance. Your homepage headline, when coded as HTML, tells search engines exactly what your page addresses. The same headline, baked into a JPEG, contributes nothing to keyword relevance or topical understanding.
The fix is straightforward. Text should remain as text. CSS provides extensive styling capabilities — variable font weights, creative letter spacing, background gradients applied to text containers, and responsive sizing that adapts to any viewport. The visual result can be indistinguishable from an image while remaining fully machine-readable.
Every word trapped inside a graphic file represents an opportunity lost to communicate your page's relevance to the algorithms determining your ranking position.
Core Web Vitals, Google's standardized performance metrics, include a measurement called Cumulative Layout Shift. It tracks how much visible content jumps during the loading process. When an image renders above an existing paragraph and pushes that text downward, the displacement registers as a layout shift. Repeated occurrences degrade the score.
Visitors experience these shifts as jarring interruptions. Attempting to click a button only to have it move seconds before contact creates genuine frustration. Reading a paragraph that suddenly jumps down the screen because a late-loading element displaced it disrupts concentration and erodes trust.
Reserving explicit dimensions for every image, video, and embedded element before they load prevents this instability. Font loading strategies that minimize text reflow contribute additional stability. Planning for asynchronous content like advertisements with predefined placeholder slots eliminates surprise displacements.
Addressing these technical requirements demands someone fluent in both visual and engineering disciplines. A web designer who understands how rendering order affects visual stability can prevent problems that purely aesthetic thinking would never anticipate.
Brilliant written content published on a structurally flawed foundation will consistently underperform. The intersection of creative output and technical infrastructure determines whether any individual page reaches its intended audience. Too many projects treat this junction as someone else's problem.
The professional you choose to build your site shapes outcomes in ways that persist long after launch. An experienced web design agency evaluates projects across every dimension simultaneously — crawlability, responsiveness, speed, usability, and visual coherence. They understand that optimizing any single dimension while neglecting the others produces diminished returns.
The most effective partnerships form when project owners engage technical expertise early enough to influence architectural decisions. Waiting until visual design is complete to address structural concerns frequently requires expensive rework. Building with search visibility as a concurrent priority from the outset avoids these costly corrections.
Treating visual presentation and search optimization as unrelated disciplines produces websites that function well in isolation but fail as integrated systems. Structure determines how thoroughly crawlers index your content. Speed influences whether visitors stay long enough to absorb it. Usability shapes every interaction between your audience and your brand message.
Achieving meaningful search visibility requires more than keyword research and content calendars. It demands a technically sound architecture built with deliberate precision from the ground up. Engage a professional who understands how creative decisions reverberate through search algorithms. If your project involves multiple disciplines, a web design agency capable of integrating design, engineering, and optimization under a single strategy will deliver compounding benefits over time.
Build for both audiences simultaneously — the humans navigating your pages and the machines evaluating them.
Create a powerful online presence with our modern and innovative web design services. Our skilled web designers will create a custom website that fits your brand.Our Web Designer Site
La nube federada, o como me llevé las funcionalidades de una instancia ActivityPub compatible con Mastodon a la nube.
Hace unos meses me apatecía explorar la nube de Cloudflare, cuando entras ves servicios gratuitos que puedes usar sin pasar el límite, y servicios de pago por uso, aunque siempre cobran cuando se hace un uso intensivo. Por lo que podríamos tener una instancia ActivityPub en la nube con un coste reducido, llegando a no tener coste para las instancias con poco tráfico.
En mis pruebas no he logrado mucha interacción, aunque según las métricas la instancia movería unos 40K requests al día debido a la federación, evidentemente cuantos más usuarios e interacción más aumenta esta cifra, como indicativo no está mal saberlo.
Todo comienza por un intento que hicieron los ingenieros de Cloudflare en hacer un Mastodon en la nube, el proyecto Wildebeest que finalmente quedó sin terminar. Yo lo he hecho con ayuda de crédito de IA y modelos libres que me han ido ayudando en el camino, por lo que dejo aquí la propia apreciación que hizo la IA.
El repositorio manalejandro/cf-activitypub-next representa una evolución moderna, ambiciosa y técnicamente muy madura de lo que originalmente propuso Cloudflare con Wildebeest. A diferencia del proyecto original que quedó archivado, este enfoque destaca por adoptar herramientas de última generación y ampliar los límites de lo que se puede hacer en el edge.
Puntos fuertes del código y arquitectura:
Aprovechamiento total del ecosistema Cloudflare: El diseño saca partido de forma nativa a cada pieza del catálogo de la plataforma:
Y así fue como empezó esta aventura en la nube, el proyecto sigue en desarrollo y se buscan colaboradores que no les de miedo traspasar los límites establecidos de la tecnología, nos leemos por la nube federada 👋
Today we're announcing Wildebeest, an open-source, easy-to-deploy ActivityPub and Mastodon-compatible server built entirely on top of Cloudflare's Supercloud.The Cloudflare Blog
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Are you sure the kernel isn’t doing this already?
Yes, because things take long to open, so I started setting it to performance manually for them to load faster. The difference in loading time is considerate, so I'm sure it's not a trick of the mind
By the way, using powerprofilesctl already did the trick. Thanks
Thank you all for all the help in the linked post. I installed Gentoo successfully twice, first with a non desktop and then with a desktop stage file/profile. However, mostly because of how my brain works and because of my priorities, I decided to go with Artix instead. Knowing the extent of customization and optimization that can - or could - be done with USE flags and kernel parameters, I can't help myself from wanting to tailor every single aspect of the system. I try to anticipate what software, use case and compatibility I'm possibly going to need in the future and try to adjust the USE flags accordingly. But after compiling, I realize that I have missed a flag or some flags, sometimes ones that impact the system quite extensively, and so I redo everything immediately. And when I realize that the system cannot easily be reverted or adjusted and that it's easier to switch profiles, I reinstall the whole thing. My brain is just not made for such granularity. 🤣😭
Gentoo seems amazing. The feeling of having a system that is completely tailored to ones needs and wishes must be beyond this world!
Again, thanks for all the help! 😊
Trying out Gentoo shortly. Any advice for a smooth(er) sailing?
I have been using Arch with systemd for some years now and I would like to try out Gentoo in order to learn OpenRC and get used to manually controlling the system with config files instead of having it all served on a silver platter with some*ctlcommand as per systemd.I have read the installation guide for x86_64 systems two times now, and in the following week, I would like to try installing a minimal system (no graphical stuff).
Any advice from people that already use Gentoo? Especially things that they wish they knew before trying for the first time? Like, what not to waste time on initially? For example, to simply get an Arch system up and running, I didn't have to learn how to write unit files, but I accidentally wasted a week on that before just enjoying my system first. 😅
A few of my own thoughts:
1. How much time and effort should I put into fine tuning the global USE flags if my initial goal is to get a system up and running?
2. With systemd, Ienable --nowed that which I wanted to "autostart" (iptables and sshd, for instance). Is there an equally intuitive counterpart with OpenRC?Thanks in advance! 🐧
NixOS is great for granularity since everything is "reinstalled" every single time you change your configuration, and it's extremely customizable. Fully declarative systems are a gamechanger IMO.
CachyOS is great for when you want a lot of pre-optimized software for your specific CPU archirecture, but you don't want to compile everything.
Artix is great for when you want Arch minus systemd.
Alpine is great for when you want a very lightweight system, also without systemd, but also using musl instead of glibc.
در نگاه مارکسیستی انقلابی، سرمایهداری جامعه را به دو طبقه متضاد تقسیم میکند: بورژوازیِ مالک و پرولتاریای کارگر. حکومتِ موجود تابعِ منافع بورژوازی و ابزارِ سرکوب پرولتاریاست. مارکس نوشت که تنها با انقلاب پرولتاریا (سرنگونی بورژوازی) میتوان تولیدکنندگان واقعی را از زیرِ یوغِ استثمار رهانید. او دید که در کمون پاریس (۱۸۷۱) نهادی برای «رشد آزادانه هر فرد» محقق شد؛ ولی خود دستگاه حکومتی که ابزار سیاسیِ بندگیِ کارگران است نمیتواند وسیلهٔ آزادیِ آنان باشد. مارکس تأکید کرد که دیکتاتوری پرولتاریا صرفاً مرحلهای گذرا برای سرکوبِ مقاومتِ بورژوازی و گذار به جامعهٔ بیطبقه است. نتیجهٔ نهایی الغای طبقه و حکومت به مثابه کشور است.
مارکسیسم-لنینیسم اما با تکیه بر حزب انقلابی پیشرو و ساختار متمرکز، در عمل رویکردی بسیار متفاوت گرفت. لنین بر نقش حزب پیشاهنگ و «سیاست متمرکز درون ویرانی انقلابی» پافشاری کرد. او ادّعا کرد که تنها «قدرت ویژهٔ» حزب میتواند مقاومت بورژوازی را درهم شکسته و تودهها را در ساماندهی به اقتصاد سوسیالیستی رهبری کند. در نتیجهٔ این خطمشی، دستگاه حکومتی عظیم و بلند مدّتی تشکیل شد که به جای محو سریع، تا دههها ادامه یافت. استالینیسم حتا مفهوم «حکومت کارگری» را به خدمت رژیم تکحزبی درآورد و با گسترش مالکیت حکومتی و برنامهریزی مرکزیِ از بالا، نظام را عملاً به «سرمایهداری حکومتی» تغییر داد.
از دیدگاه کمونیسم اقتدارگریز، تجربهٔ سدهٔ بیستم نشان داد که چرخش بهسوی سوسیالیسم از مسیر حزب متمرکز و دستگاه حکومتی، نهتنعا نابرابریهای طبقاتی را ریشهکن نمیکند؛ بلکه آن را به شکلهای جدیدی بازتولید میکند. شوراگران و چپگرایان انقلابی استدلال کردند که پس از انقلاب، تنها خودگردانی تودهای (شوراها و تشکّلهای کارگری خودمدیریتی) میتواند نابرابری و طبقهگرایی را به کل نابود کند. شورش کرونشتات (۱۹۲۱) نمادی از این مقاومت بود: ملوانان و کارگران خواستار مردمسالاری شورایی و آزادی مطبوعات شدند، ولی با سرکوب خونین بلشویکها مواجه شدند. همین تجربههای تاریخی و دیگر نمونهها (شورش کوبا، انقلاب مجارستان ۱۹۵۶ و…) نشان میدهد هرجا که گروهی کنترل سیاسی را قبضه کردند، ساختارهای اقتدارگرا و بوروکرات باقی ماندند. در نتیجه کمونیستهای اقتدارگریز معتقدند تنها با حذف کامل حکومت و برقراری شبکههای افقی خودگردان (بهجای حزب پیشرو و نظام حزبی) میتوان تفاوتها را بهوضوح نشان داد و آزادی کارگران را تضمین کرد.
مارکس سرمایهداری را تقسیم جامعه به دو طبقهٔ متخاصم میدید: طبقهٔ سرمایهدار (بورژوازی) که ابزار تولید را در اختیار دارد و طبقهٔ کارگر که به دلیل نداشتن ابزار تولید، ناگزیر از فروش نیروی کارش است. تضاد منافع این دو طبقه، موتور تاریخ است. حکومت کنونی، «قوهٔ مجریهٔ جامعهٔ بورژوازی» است و بهعنوان «سازمان سلطهٔ» طبقه حاکم عمل میکند. طبق نظر مارکس، آزادی واقعی مستلزم لغو مالکیت خصوصی ابزار تولید است که در نتیجهٔ آن نه تنها «طبقه» از میان میرود؛ بلکه «قدرت سیاسی» نیز خودبهخود از بین خواهد رفت.
مارکس دربارهٔ کار نیز تحلیل مهمی ارائه داد: کارگر در سرمایهداری از محصول کارش، از فعّالیت خویش و در نتیجه از «خود» بیگانه است. در جامعهٔ آزاد، کار جایگزین فعّالیت برای بهبود زندگی فردی و جمعی شده و منافع فرد و جمع درهم تنیده میشوند. با این باورها تصویر او از کمونیسم جامعهای بود که در آن هرکسی آزادانه تواناییها و نیازهایش را پرورش میدهد. از این منظر هیچکس در جامعهٔ کمونیستی برین حوزهٔ منحصر به فردِ فعّالیت نداشته؛ بلکه آزاد است در هر شاخهای که باب میلش است چیرهدست شود.
مارکس همچنین حکومت گذار را بهعنوان مرحلهای موقّتی دیده بود. او پس از کمون، نوشت که در سوسیالیسم نخست قدرت ویژهٔ سرکوب بورژوازی باید جای خود را به قدرت ویژهٔ پرولتاریا (دیکتاتوری پرولتاریا) دهد. این «دیکتاتوری» که طبق تعریف مارکس و انگلس، موقّتیست ابزار سرکوب طبقهٔ مخلوع است که با پیشرفت انقلاب و گسترش خودمدیریتی زحمتکشان، رفتهرفته «فروکش» کرده و حکومت به مثابه کشور از میان میرود. حتا خود لنین چنین نقل میکند: «مبارزهٔ طبقاتی ناگزیر به دیکتاتوری پرولتاریا خواهد انجامید و این دیکتاتوری فقط گذاریست به سوی نابودی هرگونه طبقه». در نظر مارکس، یک جمهوری دمکراتیک کارگری (شورایی) کوتاهترین راه رسیدن به دیکتاتوری پرولتاریاست.
پس از مرگ مارکس، لنین در پرتوی انقلاب صنعتی، نظریات خود را بر سازمان انقلابی طبقهٔ کارگر متمرکز کرد. او معتقد بود پرولتاریا قادر نیست انقلاب را به صورت خودجوش رهبری کند و «باید پیشاهنگ خود را پرورش دهد»: حزبی انقلابی که رسالت رهبری تودهها را به عهده گیرد. لنین به این منظور اصل «مردمسالاری مرکزی» را طرح کرد: تصمیمگیری متمرکز در رأس حزب و رأیگیری در پایین شوراها. او در کتاب حکومت و انقلاب نیز تأکید کرد حکومت بورژوایی باید «با یک انقلاب قهرآمیز» سرنگون شود و بهجایش دیکتاتوری «مردمسالار» پرولتاریا (شوراهای مسلّح کارگری) برقرار گردد.
انقلاب اکتبر ۱۹۱۷ در روسیه نمونهٔ عملی این استراتژی بود: حزب بلشویک توانست قدرت را با حمایت دهقانان فقیر و تودهٔ کارگران قبضه کند؛ ولی بلافاصله پس از انقلاب، مالکیت حکومتی و برنامهریزی متمرکز تثبیت شد. در این دوره، نقش حکومت تشدید شد: شعار پیشین «با ماست کارگران جهان» جای خود را به دستگاه عظیم امنیتی و بوروکراسی تکحزبی داد. پس از مرگ لنین در ۱۹۲۴ و برآمدن استالین، نظریهٔ «سوسیالیسم در یک کشور» بر تئوری بلشویکی افزود و دیکتاتوری تشدید شد. حزب حاکم دانشگاهها، روزنامهها و عملاً همهچیز را قبضه کرد. به گفتهٔ منتقدان، لایهای نوظهور از بوروکراتها تشکیل شد که خود «قدرت ویژهٔ» جدیدی بودند. انقلابیون پیشین و آنارشیستها در این دوره سرکوب شدند.
بهطور کلی، تجربهٔ قرن بیستم نشان داد که مارکسیسم-لنینیسم در عمل نه کمونیستی و نه حتا مارکسیستی است؛ بلکه نظامی «حکومتی تمامیتخواه» است: حزب واحد نهادهای تصمیمگیری را در دست کرفته و مشارکت مستقل کارگران بهزوال میگراید. فروپاشی اتّحاد جماهیر شوروی (۱۹۹۱) و انقلابهای ۱۹۸۹ اروپا نشان داد که این نظام قادر به ادارهٔ مردمسالار جامعه نیست و اکنون تقریباً نابود شده است؛ چرا که «سوسیالیسم حکومتی» بهجای تساوی، منجر به دستگاه ثابتی میشود که طبقهٔ جدیدی تشکیل میدهد. به بیان دیگر نظریات لنین در باب توانایی حکومت برای پایان دادن به جامعهٔ طبقاتی و سپس زوال خویش به امری خودمتناقض بدل شد. تاریخ نشان داد مارکسیست-لنینیستها پس از دهها انقلاب قدرت را به دست گرفتند؛ ولی هیچکجا نتوانستند جامعهٔ طبقاتی را نابود کنند و حکومتهایشان نه تنها زوال نیافتند؛ که عظیمتر و خفقانآورتر شدند و دستگاه حکومتی سابق اعم از پلیس و ارتش نیز در اختیار خود حاکمان جدید ماند.
شوراگران استدلال کردند که نیل به کمونیسم مستلزم مردمسالاری مستقیم است؛ نه تسلیم قدرت به حزب. آنها پیروزی انقلاب را به شوراها نسبت میدادند و باور داشتند این شوراها باید ساختار اصلی اقتصاد و سیاست باشند. پس از سرکوب کرونشتات، اقتدارگریزان معاصر بر این تأکید کردند که «حکومت انقلابی» نقاب بورژوایی است. همانطور که نوشته شد «حکومت در ذات خود پیوندی طبقاتی است» و هر جا اختیارات سیاسی در نهادهای خاص متمرکز شود نابرابری و طبقه باقی میماند. آنها به تجربۀ انقلاب مصر ۲۰۱۱ یا فرانسه ۱۸۴۸ اشاره میکنند که نشان داد به محض اتکا به نمایندگان (احزاب)، خودکامگی جدیدی ایجاد میشود. به باور آنان انقلاب باید ساختارهای قهریه (پلیس، ارتش، بوروکراسی) را کلاً از میان بردارد و به جای آن شبکههای افقی خودگردان تودهای را برقرار سازد.
مجموع این نقدها نشان میدهد مارکسیسم-لنینیسم از اهداف بنیادین مارکس (خودگردانی کارگری و الغای حکومت) فاصلهٔ زیادی دارد. برای نمونه کارگران در کمون پاریس، خود ادارهٔ شهر را بهدست گرفتند؛ ولی در شوروی و سایر حکومتهای مارکسیست-لنینیستی، حکومت حزبی معکوس این روند عمل کرد. به جای شورای کارگری مستقل، کمیتههای حزبی تشکیل شد. شوراگرایان و اقتدارگریزها نتیجه میگیرند که نه تشکّلهای مرکزی، که اتّحاد داوطلبانهٔ افقی کارگران و دهقانان میتواند تضادهای طبقاتی را رفع کند.
اتحاد شوروی (۱۹۱۷–۱۹۹۱): پس از انقلاب ۱۹۱۷، اولایوف ماسلوف و پل میکس شاره به وجود بوروکراسی جدید کردند. در دههٔ ۱۹۲۰ گرچه خلع مالکیت خصوصی انجام شد؛ ولی مالکیت حکومتی و برنامهریزی از بالا غالب شد. جنبشهای کارگری مستقل سرکوب شد. پس از مرگ استالین اندکی مشارکت (مثلاً انتخابات پارلمانی) بهظاهر بازگشته بود؛ ولی تسلط حزب همچنان پابرجا بود.
چین مائوئیستی (۱۹۴۹–۱۹۷۶): انقلاب ۱۹۴۹ به سرعت یک حکومت متمرکز خلق کرد و مالکیت زمین را دولتی کرد. جنبشهای دهقانی خودگردان مثل کمیتههای دهقانی پس از تثبیت قدرت حزب کمونیست چین ممنوع شدند. انقلاب فرهنگی (۱۹۶۶–۱۹۷۶) تازهترین تقابل حزب و جامعه را نشان داد و هرجومرج زیادی ایجاد کرد که در آن هم سازمان حزبی دست بالا را داشت.
یوگسلاوی پس از ۱۹۴۵: یکی از معدود استثناها بود که گرچه حزب حاکم باقی ماند؛ ولیبرنامهٔ رسمی «خودمدیریتی کارگری» را گسترش داد. با این حال حتا در یوگسلاوی هم مقامهای حزبی و حکومتی کنترل دسترسی به ابزار تولید را حفظ کردند و همچنان نقدها از تبدیل شدن بوروکراسی سوسیالیستی به طبقهای خاص شنیده میشد.
تجارب کمیتههای کارگری در انقلابها: کارگران آلمان پس از جنگ جهانی اول و اسپانیا در دههٔ ۱۹۳۰ نمونههایی از خودگردانی موفق بودند که با بیتوجهی چپهای رسمی مواجه شدند. تحلیلگران شوروی (نظیر محکومین دوران لنین و استالین) هم کارگران روس را «طبقهای بدون ابزار تولید و قدرت سیاسی» خواندند که انقلاب واقعی را ناقص گذراندند.
در کل پیام مشترک همهٔ این موارد این است که سنجهٔ اساسی، کنترل واقعی ابزار تولید و مردمسالاری مستقیم است. در رژیمهای مارکسیست-لنینیستی کارگران اختیارات خود را از دست دادند و بوروکراسی جدید سودای انحصار قدرت را داشت.
چپهای نوین میتوانند برای آشکار ساختن هرچه بیشتر تفاوتهای اندیشهشان با مارکسیسم-لنینیسم روی چند حوزه تمرکز کنند:
سازماندهی افقی و فراحزبی: بهجای حزب واحد و سازمان منظم، تأکید بر تشکّلهای شورایی، شبکههای خودگردان و انجمنهای مستقل کارگری و مردمی. نمونه: تأسیس مجمعهای مستقیم در محلهای کار و محلهها که تصمیمگیر و پاسخگو هستند؛ نه فرستادن نماینده به بالا. این ساختارها میتواند بر پایهٔ کنفدراسیونهای محلی با دبیران و کمیتههای چرخشی باشد.
فرهنگسازی سیاسی: برجسته کردن آرمان خودمدیریتی، آزادی فردی و خلعید طبقهٔ حاکم. استفاده از شعارهایی چون «اتّحاد کارگران جهان بدون طبقهٔ حاکم!» به جای پذیرش تقدّم حزب بر انقلاب. روایتگری مثبت از تجربههای شورایی تاریخی (مانند کمون پاریس و روژاوا) و تأکید بر بیاعتمادی به رهبران متمرکز.
پیشنهادهای سیاستی متفاوت: مثلاً طرح نظام مالیات تصاعدی سنگین برای کاهش نابرابری، حمایت از تعاونیها و تعمیق اقتصاد اجتماعی به جای اقتصاد دولتی. آزمایش مدلهایی از خودگردانی کارگری در کارخانهها، اعطای استقلال به اتّحادیهها و تشویق تعاونیهای مسکن و کشاورزی بهعنوان هستههای خودگردان.
تاکتیکها و جنبشهای عملی: جایگزینی اقدامات پارلمانی محض با اعتصابات سراسری و اشغال کارخانهها برای اعمال فشار از پایین. آموزش تودهای برای گسترش سواد اقتصادی و تشویق مشارکت مستقیم مردم در مجامع عمومی. استفاده از روشهای تحریم از پایین و توجه به همبستگی جنبشهای کارگری و قومی یا محلی برای مقابله با تمرکز قدرت.
کار فرهنگی و آموزشی: ترویج بحثها و نشستهای عمومی درباره خودگردانی و مردمسالاری مستقیم. حمایت از دسترسی آزاد به اطلاعات مثل نرمافزار آزاد، ویکیها و نشریات برخط برای کاهش نقش واسطههای مرکزی. این فعّالیتها موجب کمرنگ شدن ایدئولوژی مبتنی بر «حزب مقدس» میشوند.
در نهایت چپهای مدرن با اتّکا بر تاریخ ناتمام مردمسالاری مستقیم و توسعهٔ خلاق آن میتوانند نشان دهند که مسیر جایگزین آنان هم در جهت آرمان کمونیسم و هم در برابر میراث انحرافی مارکسیسم-لنینیسم قرار دارد.
A new foundation for TUXEDO OS: Switching to Debian: Many users have noticed that we have reduced our update cadence over the past few months, particularly with regard to Plasma updates. While Plasma 6.7.www.tuxedocomputers.com
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Probably a good decision in the long run, their rational makes sense. Ubuntu's stubborn insistence on snap is poor decision making on their part.
I run Tuxedo as my daily driver and look forward to the more rolling release focused strategy.
Moving away from Ubuntu makes absolute sense from what they describe.
I do wonder though, is basing a distro on Debian Testing a good idea? I understand them not wanting to go to the Debian stable as they already have issues with big drift for the cutting edge tools they want to ship breaking have the unintended consequences of breaking stable software. But Debian Testing will add in a constant shift in all the packages; they may be more recent but there is a much greater exposure to bugs.
Tuxedo's OS will itself become a testing ground for packages in a way it wasn't before. They're both moving away from Ubuntu AND moving away from a LTS base. Though I suppose they can always re-base to Debian Stable at it's next big release if they do find it too cumbersome.
Still, I wonder if this will happen with other distros. I know Mint has a Debian flavour which is seemingly described as a backup "plan B" in-case they felt the need to shift. I can also see the constant forcing of Snap into the ecosystem, and now the vague AI stuff that Tuxedo quote would also prompt a lot of distros to decide how dependent should they be on Ubuntu going forward.
Interesting. They are concerned about security updates delay, but then there is this: debian.org/doc/manuals/securin…
Basically, it says that testing gets security updates later than stable and unstable.
debsecan to pull security updates from sid and experimental is trivial to setup.
Having btrfs+snapper set up by default sounds good. I wish Debian-based distros in general would finally make a move there. It's a bit of a meme that folks laud Debian for its stability, but you can easily break it with one wrong command.
And who knows, maybe TuxedoOS adopting it can serve as a proof of concept and get Debian itself to adopt btrfs sooner.
Debian for its stability, but you can easily break it with one wrong command.
Don’t break Debian. While Debian does an amazing job at documentation it can be overwhelming for newer folks.
While I wouldn't want my system to be Debian Testing, I'm pretty happy that more people are testing sid.
That'll be good for all of us.
Biochar carbon removal projects have emerged as an important pathway within the carbon management sector, combining biomass utilization, long-term carbon storage, and sustainable resource management. Unlike conventional industrial projects that generate revenue primarily through physical products, biochar carbon removal projects operate through a hybrid business model involving biomass procurement, thermal conversion, carbon accounting, certification, and credit commercialization.
Successful project management requires more than installing production equipment. Long-term performance depends on maintaining operational consistency, ensuring carbon integrity, optimizing resource flows, and building reliable market relationships.
Feedstock management is the foundation of a successful biochar carbon removal project. The availability, quality, and sustainability of biomass directly influence both biochar production equipment efficiency and carbon removal credibility.
Common feedstock sources include:
Key supply considerations include:
A fragmented or unreliable feedstock supply chain can reduce plant utilization rates and increase operating costs. Establishing agreements with multiple suppliers helps reduce supply disruption risks and improves production predictability.
The core of a carbon removal project is the conversion process that transforms biomass into stable carbon-rich material. Operational efficiency determines production volume, energy consumption, and final biochar characteristics.
Important operational parameters include:
A well-designed biochar pyrolysis equipment should maintain stable operating conditions while adapting to variations in biomass properties.
Process optimization is an ongoing activity rather than a one-time adjustment. Regular evaluation of production data helps identify opportunities to improve yield, reduce energy consumption, and maintain consistent product quality.
The value of a biochar carbon removal project depends heavily on the credibility of its carbon storage claims. Carbon buyers and certification organizations require detailed evidence demonstrating that the removal process delivers measurable and durable climate benefits.
Key carbon accounting factors include:
Accurate documentation throughout the project lifecycle supports reliable carbon quantification and reduces verification risks.
A strong monitoring framework ensures that carbon removal claims are supported by transparent operational data.
Data management has become a critical component of modern carbon removal operations. Digital monitoring systems improve operational visibility while supporting measurement, reporting, and verification requirements.
Important data points include:
Automated data collection reduces manual reporting errors and improves audit readiness. Digital infrastructure also enables operators to identify performance deviations before they affect production output.
A robust data architecture strengthens both operational management and carbon market participation.
Carbon removal projects depend on credible certification pathways to access premium carbon markets. Certification provides third-party validation of carbon storage performance and environmental impact.
Project operators should prepare for:
Maintaining certification readiness requires continuous operational discipline. Incomplete records or inconsistent production data may delay credit issuance or reduce buyer confidence.
Successful projects integrate certification requirements into daily management rather than treating verification as an occasional administrative task.
Although carbon credits are a major revenue source, financially resilient projects often develop additional value channels.
Potential revenue streams include:
Diversifying income sources reduces dependence on carbon credit price fluctuations and improves long-term financial stability.
High-quality biochar with verified performance characteristics can access specialized markets where customers value both environmental benefits and material functionality.
Production interruptions directly affect both product output and carbon credit generation. Equipment reliability is therefore a major factor in project profitability.
Maintenance management should include:
Continuous improvement programs help extend equipment lifespan and reduce unexpected downtime.
Stable operation also improves confidence among carbon buyers by demonstrating consistent project performance.
Carbon removal projects operate within a rapidly evolving market environment. Building long-term relationships with buyers, certification organizations, suppliers, and local stakeholders is essential.
Important market management activities include:
Strong market positioning improves access to premium carbon removal opportunities and supports long-term commercial growth.
A successful biochar carbon removal project requires integration across technical, environmental, and commercial dimensions. Feedstock supply, production efficiency, carbon verification, digital monitoring, and market development must operate as interconnected systems.
Long-term success depends on continuous optimization rather than short-term performance. Projects that maintain operational discipline, protect carbon integrity, and adapt to evolving market conditions are better positioned to achieve durable financial and environmental value.
By combining reliable biomass management, efficient production practices, rigorous carbon accounting, and strategic market development, biochar carbon removal projects can evolve from experimental initiatives into scalable climate solutions with sustainable commercial potential.
Biochar pyrolysis equipment for carbon removal: advanced CDR solutions for high-quality credits and sustainable profitability.Beston Group
Navigating the regulatory landscape in Singapore requires more than a passing familiarity with compliance deadlines. It demands a clear understanding of the mechanisms that govern financial oversight—and how those mechanisms differ in purpose, execution, and value. Two of the most commonly referenced mechanisms are the statutory audit and the management audit. Though they are often discussed in tandem, they occupy entirely separate roles in the governance of any company.
Misunderstanding the distinction between these two exercises exposes organisations to avoidable risks. One satisfies a legal mandate. The other uncovers opportunities for improvement that numbers alone cannot reveal. Here is a thorough exploration of each audit type, the critical differences between them, and the supporting services that help make the entire process work seamlessly.
A statutory audit is a mandatory, externally conducted review of a company's financial statements. Its purpose is precise: to determine whether those statements faithfully represent the organisation's true financial position. The obligation originates from the Companies Act of Singapore, which is why the term "statutory" defines it. This is not a suggestion or best practice. It is the law.
However, the law does not apply universally. Companies that qualify as small—possessing annual revenue at or below S$10 million, total assets at or below S$10 million, and employing fewer than 50 individuals—are granted exemption from the requirement. For everyone else, including publicly listed companies, large private enterprises, and subsidiaries within groups that exceed these benchmarks, the statutory audit is a non-negotiable commitment.
The auditor must be registered with ACRA and must maintain strict independence from the company's board and management. This is not a formality. It is the structural guarantee that the resulting opinion carries weight. The auditor's assignment is confined to evaluating whether financial records align with accepted accounting standards and applicable legal provisions. Diagnosing operational shortcomings or detecting fraudulent activity is not part of their remit.
The final deliverable is a formal audit report provided to shareholders and lodged with ACRA. Any material issues surface as qualifications in the document. An unqualified, or clean, opinion strengthens the company's credibility among investors, lending institutions, and regulators. A qualified opinion can generate exactly the kind of concern that no business leader welcomes.
A management audit operates under an entirely different set of premises. There is no statutory requirement triggering it. It is a voluntary, internally initiated assessment aimed at measuring how effectively the organisation governs itself and manages its operations.
Think of it as a comprehensive organisational diagnostic. The scope might encompass the efficiency of supply chain logistics, the maturity of cybersecurity defences, the coherence of succession planning, or the discipline behind capital allocation. A statutory audit looks backward at records already completed. A management audit, by contrast, frequently adopts a forward-looking posture, asking where the company can fortify its position and eliminate waste.
Who performs the evaluation? The answer is not uniform. Some organisations rely on internal audit teams. Others bring in external consultants whose expertise matches the specific domain being examined. Formal accreditation—a requirement for statutory auditors—is not mandatory. What matters is a thorough grasp of the business context and the capacity to produce recommendations that translate into real-world improvements.
The result is a confidential report furnished directly to senior leadership and, depending on governance structure, the board. No public filing is required. No regulatory authority tracks whether conclusions are acted upon. No external deadline governs implementation. It is, at its essence, a self-directed instrument for continuous organisational refinement.
The most intuitive way to separate the two is to identify the intended audience. A statutory audit is constructed for external parties—shareholders demanding confidence in financial disclosures, regulators monitoring compliance, banks evaluating lending decisions. A management audit is constructed for the people inside the organisation who bear responsibility for its performance and direction.
The question of obligation versus discretion defines another stark boundary. If your company meets the statutory thresholds, the audit is compulsory. No flexibility exists. A management audit, conversely, is entirely elective. Companies pursue them when the potential return justifies the investment, not because any external authority has mandated the action.
Scope draws an equally decisive line. Statutory audits are deliberately narrow, focused on financial statement accuracy and compliance with accounting frameworks. Management audits are virtually boundless in their potential reach. They can investigate governance arrangements, digital readiness, workforce dynamics, regulatory exposure, or competitive strategy. The parameters are set entirely by the organisation.
Frequency follows its own logic for each. Statutory audits are annual events, synchronised with the financial year-end cycle. Management audits can be deployed whenever the business context demands—one might follow a restructuring effort, accompany a market entry, or respond to a sustained decline in key performance indicators. There is no obligatory calendar.
The character of the final output completes the differentiation. A statutory audit produces a structured, formal opinion on the reliability of financial disclosures. A management audit produces a qualitative assessment accompanied by practical recommendations. One delivers assurance. The other delivers momentum.
Companies subject to statutory audit requirements should invest in deliberate, early preparation rather than treating the exercise as a last-minute administrative burden. Begin assembling supporting documentation well ahead of the engagement. Verify that reconciliations are finalised, all accounts are properly closed, and source records are organised and readily accessible. Diligent preparation shortens the audit timeline, reduces professional fees, and spares leadership the turbulence of eleventh-hour crisis management.
A management audit proves its worth when the organisation encounters a defined challenge or strategic crossroads. Perhaps rapid growth has stretched processes beyond their original design capacity. Maybe customer retention is declining in ways that internal analysis struggles to explain. Or perhaps the board is weighing a significant investment and wants an independent assessment of operational readiness before committing capital. In each situation, a structured, objective evaluation accelerates clarity and informs better decisions.
Some organisations adopt a sequential approach that captures the benefits of both. The statutory audit is completed first to satisfy legal obligations. The management audit then follows, probing the operational dimensions that the financial review illuminated but could not fully address. This pairing is both pragmatic and efficient, creating a feedback loop where each exercise strengthens the context for the other.
A frequently neglected element of any audit discussion is the governance and administrative infrastructure that supports the process end to end. What contribution does a company secretary make when audits are being conducted?
The role is more substantive than many business owners initially recognise. A knowledgeable company secretary is a key enabler of statutory audit compliance. They monitor regulatory filing deadlines, coordinate scheduling logistics with the appointed audit firm, and prepare the board resolutions necessary for financial statement approval. They also maintain the statutory registers that auditors routinely access during their examination of company records.
When management audits produce recommendations that involve governance changes—restructuring internal controls, revising delegation frameworks, or modifying reporting lines—corporate secretarial services serve an equally critical function. The company secretary Singapore ensures those adjustments are formally documented and enacted. They capture deliberations in board minutes, update governance instruments, and confirm that any resulting policy changes comply with the provisions of the company's Constitution.
This administrative rigor is not overhead. It is the connective tissue that ensures audit findings—whether regulatory or operational—become embedded in the organisation's operating fabric. Without it, even the most incisive recommendations risk remaining theoretical. A competent company secretary ensures that insights translate into documented, actionable commitments.
One of the most persistent misunderstandings is the assumption that a clean statutory audit report confirms a well-managed business. This conflates two very different things. The audit certifies the accuracy of your financial statements. It provides no insight into whether your sales strategy is effective, your customer relationships are robust, or your technology infrastructure is current. Addressing those questions is the specific domain of a management audit.
Another widespread myth holds that management audits are a luxury reserved for large, complex organisations. The evidence points in the opposite direction. Small and mid-sized companies often stand to gain the most, because even minor improvements to processes and systems can yield outsized returns when resources are finite and every efficiency gain carries disproportionate impact.
A third error—one that carries genuine consequences—is the belief that a management review can serve as a substitute for a statutory audit. The two are not interchangeable. One fulfils a binding legal obligation. The other strengthens internal capability. For many companies, both are not merely advisable but fundamentally necessary.
Begin by establishing your company's statutory audit status. Review the small company exemption criteria against your most recent financial statements. If you currently qualify for relief, maintain meticulous documentation practices regardless. Business expansion can shift your classification unexpectedly.
For organisations required to undergo a statutory audit, engage your auditor well in advance of the year-end deadline. Compile documentation proactively, provide ample planning time, and coordinate closely with your company secretary to manage the governance filings and procedural formalities from the beginning of the engagement.
When initiating a management audit, resist the temptation to cast too wide a net. Clearly define the question you want answered, the decisions that will be shaped by the findings, and the specific organisational areas that fall within scope. A precisely delineated review generates sharper, more implementable insights than one that attempts to address everything simultaneously.
After either audit concludes, execution determines the ultimate value. Statutory qualifications left unresolved gradually erode stakeholder confidence. Management recommendations left unimplemented represent an investment that produces nothing. Follow-through is what transforms review into meaningful, measurable progress.
Statutory audits and management audits occupy distinct but equally vital positions in the governance architecture of any Singapore company. One ensures legal compliance and delivers external confidence in your financial reporting. The other provides internal intelligence that drives operational improvement and strategic refinement. Understanding the boundary between them allows you to deploy each where it creates the greatest impact.
If statutory audit obligations apply to your company, treat the process with the seriousness it demands. Prepare your records with care, engage a registered auditor, and depend on your company secretary for governance coordination throughout. If internal performance and strategic clarity are the priorities, a management audit represents a thoughtful, forward-looking investment.
When navigating audit requirements feels daunting, a provider of corporate secretarial services can offer practical guidance. They will not replace your auditor or assume your management role. But they will keep the process organised, compliant, and directed toward outcomes that matter to your business.
With the right understanding and the right professional support, audits become what they should be: inflection points that drive stronger governance, sharper operations, and more intelligent growth.
Professional corporate secretarial services in Singapore. Annual returns, AGM support, director changes & compliance management. Get quote today.Entrust Public Accounting
Calling all rhythm-game fiends and platformer fanatics! Try Geometry Game right away, a fan-made platformer game waiting to be conquered.Geometry Game
In the procurement of a concrete batching plant, the initial price tag is often the siren song that captures the decision-maker's undivided attention. It is a quantifiable, tangible figure that lends itself easily to comparison. However, this singular focus on the purchase concrete batch plant price is a perilous fallacy. The true cost of ownership is a far more nuanced and expansive tapestry, woven with threads of logistical friction, operational inefficiencies, and deferred maintenance. To make a sound, strategic investment, a buyer must look beyond the invoice. This article illuminates five critical, often overlooked, hidden business costs that can significantly erode the perceived savings of a cheaper plant, ensuring that the procurement decision is informed by financial reality rather than superficial savings.
## Logistical Friction: The Cost of Getting There
The journey of a batching plant from the manufacturer's factory floor to your project site is a significant financial event in itself. This logistical odyssey is frequently underestimated, yet it represents a substantial and immediate drain on capital.
### Shipping, Customs, and Inland Transportation
The quoted price of a plant is typically an ex-works figure, meaning it does not include the monumental cost of international freight. For a project in a landlocked region, the expense of sea freight to a major port, followed by customs clearance, duties, taxes, and the arduous overland transport of oversized components, can add tens of thousands of dollars to the final invoice. A [stationary concrete batching plant](aimixconcretesolution.com/conc…) from a local or regional supplier, on the other hand, will often have these costs minimized or included in a more transparent turnkey package. The hidden cost of logistics is often the most significant differentiator between a 'cheap' machine and a truly cost-effective one.
## Commissioning and Integration Overheads
The arrival of the plant is only the beginning of the financial outlay. The process of transforming a collection of components into a fully operational, efficient production unit is a phase rife with hidden costs.
### Installation, Calibration, and Training
Professional commissioning is not a luxury; it is a necessity. This involves the assembly of the plant, precise calibration of the weighing and metering systems, and the integration of the control software. This is a specialist task that requires skilled engineers. Furthermore, the operator crew must be comprehensively trained on the specific control logic, maintenance protocols, and safety procedures of the new plant. These services, if not included in the initial quote, represent a substantial unbudgeted cost. A supplier who provides comprehensive, on-site installation and training as part of a complete package may have a higher upfront price but will ultimately save the buyer considerable expense and frustration.
## Operational Inefficiency and the Cost of Waste
Once operational, the batching plant becomes a continuous engine of production. However, an inefficient plant is akin to an engine with a misfire; it consumes resources but produces suboptimal results, draining profitability with every batch.
### Energy Consumption, Material Wastage, and Productivity Loss
A cheaper plant often utilizes older, less efficient motor technology and rudimentary control systems. This translates to higher energy consumption per cubic meter of concrete produced. Over a year of intensive operation, this energy premium can be substantial. More critically, a plant with inferior weighing accuracy or poor aggregate handling leads to significant material wastage. The cost of wasted cement, aggregates, and admixtures is a direct hit to the bottom line. Furthermore, frequent breakdowns and the subsequent downtime represent a crippling loss of productivity, effectively negating any initial cost advantage.
## Spare Parts Availability and Maintenance Trajectories
The long-term viability of the asset is predicated on the availability of spare parts and the predictability of its maintenance cycle. This is where the economies of scale of established [concrete batching plants manufacturers](aimixconcretesolution.com/conc…) become apparent.
### Supply Chain Reliability and the Cost of Downtime
When a critical component fails, the speed of replacement is paramount. A reputable, established manufacturer has a robust supply chain and strategic warehousing of parts. A lesser-known supplier may offer a cheaper machine but will have a fragile supply chain, leading to extended lead times for parts. In the interim, the plant is idle, and the project's schedule is compromised. The lost revenue and idle labor costs during this waiting period can far exceed the initial savings. A plant with a low purchase price but a high cost of parts and slow delivery is a costly liability.
## Resale Value and Asset Depreciation
Finally, a prudent investment strategy must consider the asset's terminal value. Equipment depreciation is not a linear curve; it is a reflection of the brand's reputation and the machine's build quality.
### Brand Reputation, Build Quality, and Market Liquidity
A batching plant from a recognized global brand with a reputation for robustness will retain a significantly higher resale value than an obscure, cheaper alternative. When the time comes to upgrade or liquidate assets, the machine from a reputable manufacturer will be far more liquid, attracting a premium in the used equipment market. The cheaper plant, however, will have a steep depreciation curve and may be difficult to sell at any price, effectively locking in a hidden financial loss that makes the initial price advantage completely illusory. The real cost is the total cost of ownership, a figure that is only revealed by looking beyond the initial price tag.
Concrete Batching Plant Price in AIMIX Group factory is competitive. Ranging $33,000 to $120,000 among different models. Get a best quote now!aimixblock (AIMIX Concrete Solutions - Concrete Production & Pumping & Paving)
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potatoguy likes this.
sudo Montanactl status
Ngl, I would rock that on a backup device.
But a PowerpuffOS? Now that is a daily driver steeped in chemical X
What are people saying about PonyOS?
you have gone too far this time you fucking pony fags....
Anon, from /prog/
Don't say I didn't warn you...
Researchers found Cordyceps CI/CD flaws affecting 300+ repositories, enabling code execution, credential theft, and supply chain risks.The Hacker News
Why are so many Linux projects on Microsoft GitHub? Shouldn't they all move to Codeberg?
Sure, I know a lot of projects have been on GH since before MS bought it, but they've owned it for quite a while now, so we really should be seeing better migration out by now, no?Codeberg is nonprofit which seems more in the spirit of the Linux ecosystem overall. GH is for-profit...
EDIT: All right, all right, I've gotten schooled. Thank you, O wise ones; I didn't realize how much Microsoft literally depends on Linux, among other things. I will proceed to shut up.
That sounds big & creepy:
On Microsoft's Azure Sentinel, for example, Novee found a comment on a PR that could run anonymous attacker code on Microsoft's CI and steal a non-expiring GitHub App key.
I wonder if/how alternative VCS platforms that provide similar workflow services are affected.
The core of the problem trickles down to weak CI/CD configurations that grant pull requests (PRs) more permissions than they should have.
How exactly do their competitors like codeberg do better in preventing that?
I'm no expert in this but I'm guessing GH's higher tiers provide much more "actions" and whatnot than Codeberg does. AFAICS Gitlab might be the only alternative that even has the mechanisms that could be exploited.
But executing code in a comment, that's harsh in any case. I mean, even I would've known how to prevent that right from the start. I think.
Onionket is a decentralized, censorship-resistant online doujin/art festival hosted exclusively in the Dark Web. Using an open-source program called "OnionShare", we give artists a SIMPLE, FREE, and CENSORSHIP-RESISTANT way to distribute their work. Visit our website for more details:
オニオンケットとはダークウェブでのみ開催される分散的、検閲耐性を有するオンライン同人誌イベントです。「オニオンシェア」というオープンソースソフトウェアの使用で、アーティストに作品をファンに配布するのに簡易に、また無料で、そして検閲耐性のある方法を提供します。詳しくはサイトを訪問して下さい：
CLEARWEB / 透明ウェブ
onioncomic.market
NO JS
onionket.com
TOR
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I2P
onionket.i2p
Submit your application today! / サークルの申し込みをお願いします！
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Get OnionShare and SimpleX Chat here: / オニオンシェア、SimpleX Chatをダウンロード：
onionshare.org/#download
simplex.chat/downloads/
Find out more about Mitra here: / Mitraについて詳しく：
onioncomic.market/mitra/
codeberg.org/silverpill/mitra
monerochan.news/article/11
Onionket Mitra:
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Onionket on Unifans:
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Join our SimpleX Chat Group: / SimpleX Chatグループに参加:
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CREDITS
"Surveillance" and "Mission Control" by Karl Casey@White Bat Audio
youtube.com/watch?v=5v79Fgbqay…
youtube.com/watch?v=rKLHVlJyn6…
Wayfire is great. While I currently don't use it anymore I can still recommend it. Specially if you like to experiment and tinker around.
It really is what compiz once was.
Mostly I used a self written panel/dock and for some time also wf-shell (the reference/default shell). But imho there are are lot more options because Wayfire implements a lot of Wayland protocols.
For applications like file manager I just used what I thought fit the best, mostly from the mate and xfce environments.
You mean why I switched away? Has actually nothing todo with Wayfire itself. I had it installed on a very customised Debian Sid installation and started to have less time to tinker with my system and wanted/needed something more stable and polished.
Looking for something similar to Fooyin. I've been having issues with songs starting, then 4 seconds in restarting before playing all the way through. Don't seem to have this issue with anything else but I can't figure out how to fix it and I'm not particularly attached to Fooyin anyway. Have used deadbeef in the past and might switch back to it but wanted to reach out to see if anyone has other suggestions.
Ideally there would be basic tagging features and the ability to search for lyrics.
(edit: I updated Fooyin and it actually fixed the problem. Will keep the post up just in case someone suggests something I've not heard of that might suit my needs better. ❤)
Light and slick material design music playerf-droid.org
Not sure how well it fits, but I tried astra based on a lemmy thread, and it's pretty good so far
Audiophile music player with gapless playback, parametric EQ, AutoEQ import, and real-time DSP visualizers - Boof2015/astraGitHub
Pretty sure most of you already know this but for those who don't: you have two clipboards in Linux.
One is the traditional clipboard where you copy with control c and paste with control v.
The other one is when you highlight text and use the mouse middle click to paste text.
More details here.
My middle mouse button pastes text I've highlighted. Shift+Ins also pastes text, but sometimes it differs in what it pastes to what is pasted by clicking the middle mouse button. What is the diff...Unix & Linux Stack Exchange
Infrastructure expansion in the remote regions of Latin America plays a decisive role in driving regional economic development and improving social integration. From the dense Amazon basin to isolated valleys deep within the Andes, establishing reliable transportation networks remains a critical priority for governments and private contractors. Road and bridge construction projects in these rural zones face severe logistical hurdles, such as long transport distances from urban industrial supply hubs, unpredictable weather patterns, and rugged geography that restricts access for standard cargo vehicles.
To ensure the technical viability and profitability of these remote operations, selecting the right equipment strategy is paramount. Relying on commercial hot mix suppliers located hours away often results in cold, unworkable mixtures by the time they reach the job site. Setting up a dedicated asphalt plant(planta asfáltica) directly within or near the project perimeter resolves this quality control challenge. Having a localized asphalt plant allows engineering teams to control production schedules, adapt mixes to regional aggregates, and maintain the exact temperature required for high-durability pavement placement.
Developing road infrastructure in remote parts of Latin America demands meticulous operational planning. The primary challenge stems from supply chain vulnerability, where a single delay in material delivery can stall entire construction crews and inflate operational costs.
Transporting hot mix asphalt across hundreds of kilometers of unpaved tracks is highly inefficient. The material cools down during long transit windows, leading to premature setting and making proper compaction impossible. Localized production effectively eliminates this transport barrier, ensuring that the fresh pavement material retains its physical integrity from the mixing drum to the roadbed.
Remote regions in Latin America often present extreme weather conditions, including tropical humidity in lowlands or freezing temperatures in highland zones. Equipment operating in these environments must feature robust aggregate drying capabilities to handle high moisture content in raw materials while optimizing fuel consumption.
For isolated job sites where space, power, and quick setup times are primary constraints, choosing the appropriate plant configuration is essential. A drum mix asphalt plant(planta asfáltica continua) represents a highly feasible option for remote projects because of its continuous production process and simplified mechanical architecture.
| Operational Indicator | Stationary Batch Plant | Drum Mix Asphalt Plant |
|---|---|---|
| Production Continuity | Intermittent batch cycles | Continuous flow output |
| Mechanical Complexity | High (mixing tower, screens) | Low (integrated drying/mixing) |
| Relocation Flexibility | Complex and time-consuming | Highly modular and rapid |
| Foundation Requirement | Heavy concrete foundations | Minimal compacted ground prep |
Unlike complex batch systems that rely on multi-tier mixing towers and vibrating screens, a drum mix asphalt plant combines heating, drying, and mixing inside a single rotating drum. This streamlined design reduces the number of moving parts, which minimizes the risk of mechanical failure in areas where spare parts and specialized maintenance technicians are difficult to source.
Continuous production allows contractors to generate steady hourly volumes without frequent stops and starts. This continuity improves thermal efficiency and lowers overall fuel consumption per ton of mixed material. For remote sites where fuel logistics are complex, maximizing burner efficiency inside the drum represents an essential cost-saving advantage.
Efficient production represents only half of the solution; applying the material smoothly on narrow or restricted rural pathways requires a corresponding downstream machinery strategy. Standard heavy paving machines are often too wide for rural community paths or narrow mountain passes.
When paving rural access roads, mountain switchbacks, or inner-village corridors, large commercial machinery faces significant maneuverability limitations. Incorporating a mini asphalt paver(mini pavimentadora de asfalto) into the equipment fleet allows contractors to lay consistent, high-quality mats in confined spaces where manual labor would be inefficient and standard pavers cannot fit.
Using a mini asphalt paver ensures that the freshly produced mix from the local plant is distributed evenly before the rollers begin compaction. This mechanical precision helps eliminate voids and surface irregularities, creating a smooth, durable barrier against heavy rain and tropical runoff.
Evaluating financial and material feasibility before deployment prevents costly bottlenecks during execution. Managing local raw materials and choosing equipment with flexible configurations are critical factors for a sustainable remote project.
Remote locations require maximal utilization of nearby quarries to avoid high material hauling costs. The mixing equipment must be capable of processing diverse aggregate types, ensuring proper bitumen coating even when local stone features varied porosity or high natural moisture content.
The long-term success of road networks in isolated Latin American sectors hinges on choosing flexible, reliable equipment configurations. As regional connectivity plans expand, the demand for modular, high-efficiency mixing units will grow in parallel with local economic development.
Investing in adaptable technology allows civil engineering firms to handle tough geographical conditions with confidence. By matching continuous production systems with compact, agile finishing machinery, contractors can deliver durable pavement infrastructure that stands up to environmental challenges while maintaining strict control over operational margins.
Planta de asfalto continua: alta eficiencia térmica y máximo ROI. Modelo móvil o fijo con soporte en español e instalación. ¡Consúltenos hoy!AIMIXgrupo (AIMIX GROUP)
As global energy demand continues to rise, industries and households are increasingly searching for cleaner and more sustainable fuel options. Traditional coal, while still widely used, is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, and environmental degradation. In contrast, sawdust charcoal has emerged as a promising eco-friendly alternative that not only reduces environmental impact but also makes efficient use of biomass waste.
Sawdust charcoal is produced from compressed or carbonized sawdust, a byproduct of wood processing industries. Instead of being discarded or burned openly, sawdust is transformed into a high-energy fuel source through controlled carbonization. This process significantly reduces waste while creating a renewable energy product with strong commercial and environmental value.
At the heart of this transformation is the sawdust charcoal making machine, which converts raw sawdust into uniform charcoal briquettes or carbonized fuel blocks. These machines use high-temperature pyrolysis in an oxygen-limited environment to ensure efficient carbon conversion while minimizing harmful emissions. By controlling temperature, pressure, and feedstock conditions, modern systems can produce high-quality charcoal with consistent density and calorific value.
One of the most significant advantages of sawdust charcoal is its reduced environmental footprint compared to traditional coal. When burned, coal releases large amounts of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter, all of which contribute to climate change and respiratory health issues.
Sawdust charcoal, on the other hand, is considered carbon-neutral in many cases because the carbon it releases was originally absorbed by trees during their growth cycle. In addition, its production process captures and stabilizes carbon in solid form, preventing immediate release into the atmosphere.
This makes sawdust charcoal a preferred option for industries aiming to meet stricter environmental regulations and reduce their carbon emissions.
Another key advantage is waste utilization. The wood processing industry generates millions of tons of sawdust every year, much of which is underutilized or burned in an uncontrolled manner. This not only wastes potential energy but also contributes to pollution.
By converting sawdust into charcoal, industries can turn a low-value byproduct into a high-value energy resource. This supports the principles of the circular economy, where waste materials are continuously reused rather than discarded.
The process also reduces pressure on natural forests, as less reliance on traditional charcoal production means fewer trees need to be cut down for fuel production.
Sawdust charcoal offers several performance advantages over raw biomass and even some types of coal. Due to its uniform structure and higher fixed carbon content, it burns more consistently and efficiently.
Key performance benefits include:
Higher calorific value compared to raw wood
Lower moisture content, resulting in more stable combustion
Reduced smoke and ash production
Easier ignition and longer burning time
These properties make it especially suitable for industrial heating, barbecue fuel, metallurgical processes, and small-scale power applications.
Air pollution from traditional coal combustion is a major public health issue in many regions. Fine particulate matter and toxic gases contribute to respiratory diseases and environmental damage.
Sawdust charcoal produces significantly fewer pollutants during combustion. It emits less smoke, contains fewer impurities, and generates lower levels of sulfur and nitrogen compounds. This results in improved air quality, especially in areas where biomass or coal is widely used for cooking and heating.
Additionally, because sawdust charcoal is often produced from waste materials, its lifecycle emissions are considerably lower than fossil fuel-based alternatives.
From an economic perspective, sawdust charcoal is highly attractive due to its low raw material cost and increasing market demand. Sawdust is often inexpensive or even free, depending on industrial supply availability.
With the help of a modern sawdust charcoal making machine, producers can achieve efficient continuous production with relatively low operational costs. Automation and improved thermal efficiency further reduce labor and energy expenses.
For end users, sawdust charcoal offers a cost-effective fuel source that performs comparably to traditional coal but with fewer environmental penalties and regulatory restrictions.
As governments and industries shift toward renewable energy and carbon reduction strategies, sawdust charcoal is gaining attention as a transitional fuel. It is not a complete replacement for all fossil fuels, but it plays an important role in reducing dependence on coal in sectors where electrification is not yet feasible.
Its integration into industrial heating systems, rural energy supply chains, and even carbon credit markets highlights its growing importance in the global energy transition.
Conclusion
Sawdust charcoal represents a powerful intersection of waste management, renewable energy, and environmental protection. Compared to traditional coal, it offers cleaner combustion, lower emissions, and a more sustainable production cycle.
With the support of advanced technologies such as the sawdust charcoal making machine, this fuel source is becoming more efficient, scalable, and economically viable. As the world continues to prioritize decarbonization and circular economy solutions, sawdust charcoal stands out as one of the most practical and impactful alternatives available today.
Invest in a sawdust charcoal making machine for efficient wood waste disposal and versatile applications in industry and agriculture.Beston Group
Operating heavy cranes means managing one of the most expensive asset bases in the construction industry. Every maintenance decision carries weight because the components involved are sophisticated and costly to repair. Filters and fluids occupy an unusual position in this landscape because they are both inexpensive and indispensable.
The low cost makes them easy to overlook. Many equipment owners view them as commodities where brand loyalty offers no tangible benefit. Aftermarket options promise identical results at a lower price, and the argument seems airtight.
However, the engineering inside these products is anything but generic. The composition of filter media, the resilience of adhesives under extreme conditions, and the precise chemistry of fluid additives are all tailored to the specific demands of your equipment. These details matter far more than purchase price suggests.
An engine is a precision instrument that operates under violent conditions. Tolerances between moving parts are incredibly tight, and oil is the only barrier preventing catastrophic metal-on-metal contact.
Consider the crankshaft. It spins within bearings at thousands of revolutions per minute. The gap between the journal surface and the bearing material is filled with a film of oil measured in microns. Introduce a particle of dirt into that space and it scratches the surface. The scratch disrupts the oil film. Friction escalates. Temperature rises. Within a relatively short period, the bearing fails and the engine requires major work.
The oil filter stands between the oil supply and every precision surface inside the engine. Its job is to capture particles of varying sizes and hold them permanently. If the filter fails to do this effectively, damage accumulates with every stroke of every piston.
Nothing else in the lubrication system provides this protection. The oil pump, the galleries, and the oil cooler all depend on the filter doing its job before oil reaches them.
On the shelf, an aftermarket filter looks identical to the genuine article. The housing dimensions match. The gasket seals properly. The part numbers reference compatible applications. Everything visible suggests equivalence.
What differs is hidden inside the housing. Grove engineers select filter media based on the specific particle sizes generated by their engines. They calculate the surface area needed to maintain adequate flow while capturing contaminants effectively. They test structural adhesives against continuous exposure to hot, chemically aggressive oil.
Aftermarket manufacturers reverse-engineer the external form and substitute cheaper materials inside. Thinner media reduces capture efficiency across the particle size spectrum. Adhesives formulated to lower specifications degrade faster, and when they fail, the filter element detaches from its end caps. A cardboard center tube warps under heat and disrupts the intended flow pattern.
An established crane parts supplier can verify that the components they stock meet original engineering specifications. This verification matters because the consequences of a failing filter are measured in engine damage, not filter savings. Unfiltered oil flowing through an engine negates every benefit of regular maintenance.
Cranes rely on hydraulic power for virtually every function. The systems that generate, control, and deliver that power operate with extraordinary precision. The fluid cleanliness requirements in these systems are more demanding than in the engine.
A hydraulic pump contains gears or pistons machined to tolerances measured in microns. Control valves feature spools and seats that must seal against pressures of thousands of pounds per square inch. Even microscopic particles cause erosion on these surfaces over time. That erosion degrades performance gradually, then suddenly.
Operators may notice a boom that drifts slightly under load. Response times may slow. Pressure may fluctuate during steady holding operations. These are symptoms of internal wear that no amount of external maintenance can repair. The damage is done inside the valve body, deep within the system. Replacing a main control valve or a variable displacement pump represents one of the most expensive repairs on a Grove crane.
Using genuine Grove crane parts throughout the hydraulic circuit preserves the particle capture performance that the system requires. Every micron of contamination that a filter fails to capture accelerates the timeline toward that expensive repair.
Fluids do far more than lubricate. They cool components, transmit hydraulic force, seal clearances, suspend wear particles for filtration, and chemically protect metal surfaces from corrosion and acid damage.
Modern engines produce more heat than older designs, and hydraulic systems in cranes operate under sustained high loads that generate significant thermal energy. Both conditions accelerate the chemical breakdown of oil and hydraulic fluid. The additive package in a genuine fluid is engineered to maintain performance under these specific conditions.
Genuine fluids contain additives that perform multiple simultaneous functions. Dispersants keep wear particles suspended so filters can remove them. Anti-wear agents form protective films on metal surfaces under boundary lubrication conditions. Corrosion inhibitors neutralize acids that form during combustion. Antifoam agents prevent air entrainment that reduces cooling capacity.
Aftermarket fluids may meet generic industry viscosity specifications while lacking the precise additive balance your equipment requires. A hydraulic fluid that foams under sustained temperature loses its ability to transfer heat and maintain a consistent pressure signal. Cavitation follows, and the pump sustains internal damage that cascades through every connected component.
Fluid selection is not a minor detail. It is a systems-level decision that affects every component the fluid touches.
Manufacturers attach specific conditions to their warranty coverage. Using approved maintenance components and following specified service intervals are typically non-negotiable requirements.
When a major component fails and maintenance records show aftermarket filters and generic fluids, the manufacturer examines those records closely. If the products used do not meet the specified standards, the warranty claim can be denied. The owner then bears the full cost of repair or replacement. That cost can easily reach tens of thousands of dollars for an engine or hydraulic pump.
A reliable crane parts supplier provides the documentation and traceability that support warranty claims. Parts receipts, batch numbers, and specification sheets all serve as evidence that maintenance was performed correctly. This documentation becomes especially valuable when a covered failure occurs.
Warranty coverage eventually expires, but its influence on resale value persists. Prospective buyers review service records before making purchasing decisions. A history showing consistent use of genuine Grove crane parts communicates that the machine was maintained to the standards the manufacturer intended. That confidence translates directly into stronger offers.
When a critical component fails on a working crane, the consequences extend far beyond the repair cost. The machine stops. Crews idle. Deadlines slip.
A hydraulic pump failure on a Grove crane illustrates this cascade clearly. The pump itself may cost several thousand dollars to replace. But the crane sits idle during diagnosis, parts procurement, and repair. The crew continues to draw wages. The client faces delays that may trigger contractual penalties. A replacement crane may need to be rented at premium rates to keep the project on schedule.
A dependable crane parts supplier can reduce the time between failure and resolution by stocking genuine components. However, the far greater value lies in prevention. Genuine filters and fluids extend component service lives significantly. A pump lasting 10,000 hours on proper maintenance versus 3,000 hours on generic products transforms the maintenance cost equation entirely.
Total failure costs routinely reach ten times the direct repair expense. Prevention is not just cheaper. It preserves the revenue your equipment generates and the reputation your business depends on.
OEM components cost more than aftermarket alternatives. Acknowledging this fact is the starting point for developing strategies that maintain quality while managing expenditure.
Buying in bulk is the simplest and most effective approach. If your maintenance schedule calls for twenty oil filters and ten hydraulic filters annually, consolidating those purchases into fewer orders reduces per-unit pricing. A crane parts supplier experienced with fleet operations can structure volume pricing arrangements that reward consistent, planned purchasing.
Storing genuine Grove crane parts on-site eliminates emergency retail purchases at inflated prices. When components are already on the shelf, mechanics install the correct part without compromise. No one reaches for a local store substitute when the proper filter is within arm's reach.
Training your service team completes the strategy. Mechanics who understand the engineering reasons behind specific component requirements make better decisions under schedule pressure. A clear policy stating that only manufacturer-approved parts enter any machine, enforced consistently, eliminates ambiguity. Over time, these standards become habits that protect every asset in the fleet automatically.
Cranes are sophisticated machines that operate under extreme stress in demanding environments. Every component inside them was designed to work as part of an integrated system where each element supports the others. Maintaining that system with manufacturer-specified parts and fluids preserves the engineering intent that makes these machines reliable.
Aftermarket filters and generic fluids introduce untested variables into carefully designed systems. Performance may appear adequate for months or even years while invisible wear accumulates. Eventually, a component reaches its failure threshold under load, when the operational and financial consequences are at their peak.
Genuine filtration and fluids, supported by thorough documentation and consistent standards, protect the assets your business depends on. That commitment ensures your cranes remain ready for whatever the next assignment demands.
We are a leading supplier of quality crane parts for Kato, Tadano, Terex, P&H and other major brands. Global delivery of genuine construction equipment spares.HL Equipment Pte Ltd
Currently setting up a wayland environment. Coming from xfce4 and cinnamon before that.
I'm currently setting up a window manager for keybindings (i know about river-classic, but seem to have chosen the masochist's path for this excursion).
would appreciate any advice you have about setting up the window manager. I've previous experience with writing a cinnamon inspired dynamic tiler, will that help here?
would also appreciate tips on choosing things like toolbars, launchers, and setting themes. We're still in gtk territory, right?
Thanks for any time you spend on this thread!
Maybe I can re rewrite this, or compile a new thread with your advices.
river is cool but it's heavily modular. i love it.
first off, you should choose a window manager. there's a list on their page. for example, rill is a scrolling wm like niri. there are also stacking and tiling wms on that list.
then you should also install some tools. their wiki also includes a brief list.
- a bar (e.g. waybar)
- an output manager (e.g. kanshi)
- an input manager (e.g. channel)
- a screen lock tool (e.g. waylock, swaylock)
- a launcher (e.g. wofi, fuzzel, tofi)
- a notification daemon (e.g. fnott, mako)
- a wallpaper tool (e.g. awww, swaybg)
this would give you a fully working wm.
Because you've chosen the river >=0.4 any advice will depend completely on the window manager you choose. Things like keybindings and decorations are punted are punted to the window manager with that release. If you want to write your own then you'll have to implement all that yourself. Look at the source code for existing river window managers.
We're still in gtk territory, right?
Lol no. Even with river-classic you're several layers below individual GUI toolkits. If you want to stay in gtk land then you must only choose widgets/apps that only use GTK. Your toolbar could be GTK, and your launcher could be QT if you want. It could also eschew all that and use pango-cairo if it wants.
For the general flow:
1. Display manager starts river
2. River executes ~/.config/river/init and you're on your own.
3. The init file should start your window manager.
4. Your window manager should start communicating with the river server over the protocols that river implements.
5. In river classic there's only 2 protocol methods to implement, layout and user command.
6. In river-classic: everything else, keybindings, hooks, decorations, all get set by executing riverctl commands
7. In new river: there's more protocol methods covering all that for the window manager to implement.
Hi!
I had an issue while installing an app through fdroid, so I shut fdroid down because the install process was going on and never ending after several minutes, but know I can't install the app from fdroid nor from the direct apk file.
I suspect there's a file stored somewhere, creating a conflict and preventing me from installing the app that I need, but i can't access the directory where apps from fdroid are stores unless I root my device, which I don't feel comfortable doing.
Has anyone had the same issue? What are my options?
Also I'm running GrapheneOS.
Thank you for your help,
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Some kind of expansion?
echo "*/* $(cpuid2cpuflags)" > /etc/portage/package.use/00cpu-flags
cpuid2cpuflags, so yes, */* is kind of an expansion - it should mean like "every portage package in every category"
保坂和志『鉄の胡蝶は』読みました。
『カンバセイション・ピース』は、読んでいると世界観が変わるのがすごいところだと思っていて、それを一冊かけてじっくり読者の身体に仕込んでいく感じがしますが、『鉄の胡蝶は』は、毎章そこへ連れてってくれました。そのことをサインを貰う際に言ってみたら「話すように書いているからね」とのこと。大分前なので言い回しはうろ覚えですが……。
特に好きなのが「蝦蟇と話したあの頃」で、大事だなと思ったのが「渾沌は七日にして死なず」の章。
この本はどれも……というか小説などアート作品というものはそもそも、読んだり観たり聴いたりしないと読んだり観たり聴いたりしたことにはならないわけで、内容を別の言葉で説明してもジェットコースターの開始と終了で位置エネルギーを論じるような空虚さがあるわけなので読んでもらうとして、
蝦蟇と視点人物（ほぼ保坂和志）が歩いていて、青大将に出会したことがある、というのが前の章の終わりで、最初はそれに触れないのだけど途中で繋がります。蝦蟇は青大将に出会して身を竦ませたのだけど、視点人物と青大将のアイコンタクトによって青大将は道を通してくれた、という話で、それを受けて捕食者と非捕食者の関係の話をしているのがこの章。
この本ではSMを引き合いに出しているけど多分著者はSMを知らないし僕も知らないので印象で語ると失礼だなと思って人間に抗議できない青大将と蝦蟇の話だけするけど、青大将と蝦蟇は捕食者と非捕食者の関係にあるけど、その時青大将は蝦蟇と食べるのを止めた。食べなかったでもあるけど、食べるのを止めた。青大将は自分が捕食者だとか「青大将は蝦蟇を食べるものだ」とは思っていなくて、単に食べようとして食べるのを止めた。この種と個の違いについて色々話していて、人間にも、自分を「種」の側（比喩です、勿論）に自ら位置付けてしまう人がいて、寧ろそれは僕だよなあと思ってこの章が好きなのでした。
ディズニーの映画『私がビーバーになる時』も彷彿とさせるような話ですね。
タイトルは、『荘子』に、渾沌に穴を空けて行ったら七日で死んだ話があるらしく、その捩り。
この章は今の僕にとって大事だなと直感しました。
保坂和志は神とか形而上の存在を語らせたらすごい面白い。のだけどいわゆる論理的じゃない話し方をするので言葉にならず、抜き書きした箇所を引用しておこうと思います。
神という概念が人間の心を作り出した「それがロック以外の何物でもないとしたらそれはロックではない」
「ジャズとはジャズを否定する運動のことだ」
「この人は「小説とはこういうものだ」と思っている小説を書いただけだ」専門家以外誰も肖像画を記憶していない北条泰時は権力というのか機能というのか、肖像が知られていないゆえにそれらがそれらとして記憶される、源頼朝は肖像画がよく知られているために、それが本人であろうがなかろうが、肖像画を憶えている他は鎌倉幕府を開いたことぐらいしか知られてない
アラーの使者のあの、一対の、白いブーツが地面に力なくバラバラに横たわったところ、まぼろし探偵がむしろに包まれて川に投げ込まれたところ、それに胸がざわつくと書けば勝手に次にサディストという言葉を喚び寄せる、もともとその嗜好があったから渾沌が穴をうがたれて死ぬという話に反応したのだと、話はいよいよ全然見当違いの方に行く。
こうして実際に自分の手でタイピングしてみると多少なりと思うことがある。
人の理解を支配しようという「論理的」な言葉に対する違った見方について、僕は反応しているのかな、と思う。
どうだろう。
この二つの章は栞も挟んでおいたので、また時間が経ってから再読したい。
荘子『渾沌』原文・現代語訳と解説 このテキストでは、荘子の一節『渾沌』の原文（白文）、書き下し文、現代語訳（口語訳）とその解説を記しています。 白文（原文）と書き下し文 南海之帝為儵、北海之帝為忽、中央之帝為渾沌。 南海の帝を儵（しゅマナペディア
Le cours complet de Gaël GIraud disponible ici: sator.fr/cours/leconomie-de-de…
Dans cet extrait issu d'un cours sur la chaîne partenaire sator.fr, l'économiste et chercheur Gaël Giraud, ancien chef économiste de l'AFD, démonte point par point les mythes qui entourent la dette publique française.
Il décrypte les mécanismes de la création monétaire ex nihilo par les banques privées et explique pourquoi le ratio dette sur PIB est un indicateur obsolète pour piloter notre économie.
Un éclairage technique indispensable pour comprendre l'échec programmé des politiques d'austérité actuelles en France.
#Giraud #Dette #Economie #crise #Austerite
00:00 Intro
00:24 Gaël Giraud
07:55 Outro
Sources:
Vidéo complète disponible ici :
youtube.com/watch?v=bgwEZpLKaz…
Pour s’abonner :
sator.fr/tarifs#formules
Musique: youtu.be/RNsyw2tfPnk
Montage: lakl42
Pensez à réduire la qualité de la vidéo.
Pour changer le système :
Réclamer le RIC constituant : petitions.assemblee-nationale.…
Changer de banque: lanef.com/ change-de-banque.org/particuli…
Passer à l'action militante: extinctionrebellion.fr/ ripostealimentaire.fr/
Changer de travail : jobs.makesense.org/fr
Réponses au quiz de fin :
/!\ Description à ne pas lire avant d'avoir vu la vidéo entièrement
/!\
/!\
/!\
/!\
Quel est le taux actuel de déficit public par rapport au PIB en France ?
➡ 6 %.
À qui les banques revendent-elles immédiatement les titres de créance ?
➡ À la BCE.
Quel pays du Sud a fait défaut il y a deux ans à cause de son ratio trop élevé ?
➡ Le Sri Lanka.
Fair point, Alpine offers even more customizability by having more init systems, using openrc and busybox instead of GNU core utils. It has a way better built in installer and is also pretty lightweight.
However it was involved in some controversies where the dev team showed themselves biased and it's also quite inconvenient to use if you have been using GNU tools for a while.
Both distros are neat but I like void cuz its green and alpine is cyan
Any articles about this controversy? Just curious.
I like void cuz its green and alpine is cyan
Gigachad. /srs
I too would like to know more about this controversies. Some quick web search found me some articles about xlibre rejection as well as preparation for systemd compatibility, none of which should be a big deal.
As for myself, I avoid running Alpine for a full-featured desktop system simply for the fact they're designed for embedded systems.
I have in fact tried setting it up for desktop use. What made me end up abandoning it was that I ended up having to get rid of the stuff that make the distro special (i.e. busybox and musl) since even the lightest distro requires udev and all.
preparation for systemd compatibility, none of which should be a big deal.
I mean there are systemd haters questioning anyone's sanity who is daring enough to do that...
The systemd units are easier to create and maintain compared to the init scripts. The systemd itself can also be used as a one stop solution for cron, hostname, ntp client, dns resolver, tmpfile manager, even bootloader, and many more.
Don't get me wrong, I'd use OpenRC where I can, but I totally see why systemd is popular.
As for the XLibre, I've never used it myself since I'd be upgrading to Wayland instead. My legacy systems remain on X11. I've read it's quige buggy tho. At the same time, there are a lot of fanatics who are making this a big deal out of proportion.
First of all, it wasn't rejected. Several noticeable distros included it to their repos or began testing. And the reason Void Linux yet hasn't, is that the team isn't sure about Xlibre's longevity.
I see no reason in cancelling XLibre due to developer's political views. It's free and open source, that's it. Enrico Weigelt gets nothing for working on it.
Furthermore, it is good that he's making XLibre. He's doing something safe and useful. He could've become a political bloger or activist and influence minds instead of coding. Now ask yourself, if this would be better than maintaining an obscure fork of a deprecated piece of software, which is hardly going to ever be adopted in security-sensitive environments (because they are on distros with Wayland already).
preparation for systemd compatibility
To be clear, they're not switching to systemd; they're just reportedly (I can't find primary sources on this, only secondary) working on compatibility with programs that expect systemd to be there.
I use Alpine as my desktop daily driver. The setup-desktop [link] and setup-devd [link] scripts that come with Alpine are convenient for setting up a desktop environment.
There still is some extra work to get things working but the wiki has a good tutorial page which is a good start for setting up a desktop environment on Alpine.
I do think Alpine is quite flexible beyond embedded systems. That's a lot of effort to include desktop environments in their OS or even in major version release notes.
I often see claims that Alpine linux is just for embedded systems. I wanted to highlight to other people that there is far more to Alpine than embedded systems or being used for containers.
It's mininal like void but still very flexible and capable if people are willing to work with Musl, BusyBox or OpenRC. It's a nice option for anyone who has issues with SystemD or may want to depend less on GNU tools.
Like any distribution, it doesn't fill everyone's wants or needs but it seems to have grown more than serving just embedded systems.
However it was involved in some controversies where the dev team showed themselves biased
This is meaningless without specifying what bias.
I agree : I ran Void with joy for 2 years, very stable and usable, makes you learn how the init/daemon system works in a very sensitive and easy way (runit).
However, if you try to find GNU packages or Gpl packages, it just does not exist (Exim, Mailutils, and some others).
So dumped it and back to Devuan/Debian
It's a lightweight, independent distro for power users. It's also currently one of the very few distros still offering an official 32 bit version out of the box.
I use it on my oldest and lowest power machines. It's snappy and stable. Plus, the name is badass, for whatever that's worth lol.
Licence is MIT / Apache, of course.
EDIT: of course the relicensing is the problem here. Alas we're in an all-time low interest in Free and Open Source politics, ideologies, and organization so the Big Evil Corpos continue to do their thing, one cog per time.
Canonical wants ntpd-rs, a Rust rewrite of NTP (Network Time Protocol), to become Ubuntu's default time sync client. To help get there, Canonical hasJoey Sneddon (OMG! Ubuntu)
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I also wondered why this is a big news. Usually those tools are tried and tested over years of development and only run once a day or boot or even less. Don't know if it has that much of an impact.
It's cool and all, kudos to the devs, but idk why it's posted here and an article is written about it.
I feel like there's a lot of concern about more and more free software moving over to the MIT license.
I honestly don't know the ins and outs, but it's probably relevant to people concerned about it.
No, they're in Ubuntu 26.04 LTS.
LTS! The stablest of the stable releases.
I also wondered why this is a big news
You think this is "big" news? An Ubuntu focused blog reporting on what Ubuntu is doing is not exactly the big time.
The latest version of NTP is 15 years old, and implementations are expected to be compliant. There is no risk of embrace/extend/extinguish from licensing here.
Open standards are better than copy-left licenses, IMO.
There is no risk of embrace/extend/extinguish
99.999% sure the idea here is exactly that. They want a GPL free system.
systemd-timesyncd. It seems like something they’d like based on the prefix.
(I know the proyect basically just supports cli at the moment) Mac is stopping to support intel and all that from what I understand making mac apps arm only (eventually) (and also hackingtosh impossible but unrelated).
The proyect's page says nothing about this. It does say it also plans to support ios for arm devices which thinking about it would probably also mean running ios apps in android. Regardless, I was saying, wouldn't running mac apps be impossible without an arm -> x86_64 translation layer/emulator? I know about stuff that do the opposite like box86 or crossover, but yea, idk.
Is my thinking incorrect or why is this not mentioned anywhere?
Darling — macOS translation layer for Linuxwww.darlinghq.org
I'm fairly sure if it's a layer like WINE, which is not an emulator, it won't be able to run software for a different architecture. I mean if it only translates the system calls, you still need software that runs on your CPU. Otherwise it'd be an emulator / virtualization.
But is Apple going to stop distributing software for x86 soon? It's been a mere 3 years since they (still) sold x86 Mac Pros.
I think so at least. That's why they say hackingtosh is gonna die. At least as far as my understanding goes cuz they will stop supporting intel or already stopped this update or something like that. Devs will obviously stop supporting x86 too.
If it was just intel and they used x86 people with intel could still run a lot of apps just not the ones that require like new features.
It’ll probably happen in the next few years. Compiling for PowerPC went away after macOS dropped it, and it was the same story for i386. Running and targeting x86_64 will soon be a distant memory.
That being said, if you have a Mac/Hackintosh/VM with an older Xcode, keep it! You can still compile with the old version, compile with the new version, and stick the results together with the lipo command. I wrote a simple C CLI app and I can put five architectures in one binary if I want (ppc, ppc64, i386, x86_64, arm64) and it’ll run on any macOS/Mac OS X version ever made.
After nine months of not having booted my Windows even once, I think it's time to wipe the Windows related partitions once and for all and claim the space. The problem is I think the way my partitions are structured, it may not be that easy. I am assuming everything other than the two ext4 partitions will have to go. What do you think?
r/linux4noobs -
Someone even suggested I nuked the whole thing and started again, which would be the absolute last resort and only when I ran out of space.
EDIT: In the end, having considered all replies, I decided to go with a compromise. I wiped the NTFS partitions and made an ext4 out of the unallocated space. Then, I moved /home to that new, larger partition and if it all continues working for a day or two, I will wipe the old and smaller /home, which is not mounted now anyway, and use it for storage. This allocation will last me for ages until I have to reinstall the OS, at which point I will use the opportunity to tidy things up. I thought this was not the time to break my system moving partitions. There were some hairy moments (eg when a UUID changed quietly and the system failed to start) but overall it was OK.
Thanks to everyone for the help. This thread was very educational and I hope others will find it useful too. As a sidenote, I posted the same question to a much bigger subreddit and I received very few responses and little help. So, the much smaller Lemmy wins hands down!
Careful with wiping anything with the "boot" flag. That can backfire very badly depending on how your system is set up. Those are small anyways so i would just leave them and only kill the ntfs partitions and combine that space into an extra partition that you can store stuff in.
Resizing partitions is messy so if you want a clean setup with one big home partition i would just reinstall. You could also copy everything in the home partition to a backup drive and just try out resizing. If it breaks you can create a new home partition and copy everything back.
/home and then reinstalling very casually, eg many recommend a new install when the new Debian stable is released every two years. My personal files and most of my user setup are stored in /home but wouldn't many customisations be stored in /? I have been tweaking things for nearly a year to get everything working. I wouldn't want to spend ages to reinstall applications (flatpaks and all) and re-create my working setup. People being so relaxed about nuking their setup tells me I may be missing something here.
Honestly, those who reinstall constantly feel like people that don't take care of their stuff as they should. There's no need to reinstall.
I've been thinking of reinstalling my endeavourOS install to arch just because at the point I'm at, it's basically arch, but the system print shows endeavour, and low key pisses me off. It's such an incredibly stupid reason to reinstall, I want everything just like I have it currently, but changing the files so they think the system is arch sounds... Something I definitely shouldn't do. Dammit.
Honestly, those who reinstall constantly feel like people that don’t take care of their stuff as they should. There’s no need to reinstall.
I'd take that with a pinch of salt. Over years, systems can get quite crufty and by my own experience, things like GNOME can break from upgrades even under Debian. A reinstall can tidy things up.
having to reinstall Debian on my main work machine every two years
Why? Upgrading is pretty straightforward: it's a matter of editing a single text file.
Well, moving partitions is at least a bit tricky and somewhat unreliable. So, unless you do a full repartitioning you will have sda1 with 520GB(ish). Current /home partition you can extend to fill the ~550MB from end of the drive.
Then it's up to you what you want to do with that 520GB. One option would be to build LVM (or zfs if you wish, LVM likely makes more sense on your case) setup from that and current /home partition and that way you could have ~850GB logical partition for home. Or you can just format the new sda1 as ext4 and mount it to /home/youruser/Media or whatever and have your home directory data split to two different partitions.
But whatever you decide, when messing around with partitions make absolutely sure that your backups are in good shape. One small error somewhere and your data might be gone, or at very least you need to learn how to rebuild partition tables. Also when changing partitions check that your fstab uses UUIDs instead of device paths or your system may not boot cleanly. Broken fstab is fairly simple to fix, but it's easier to check that while the system is up and running.
I'd rather have a single large /home partition, and the LVM method sounds less risky if I find out how to do it safely. I am sure I read somewhere that LVM is the clean way to manage partitions.
I see my fstab says the following, so it's UUIDs although I am not sure about that /swapfile:
# / was on /dev/sda6 during installation
UUID=9178d5fa-87a7-4e65-ba88-726f41c84186 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda5 during installation
UUID=0B9E-D68E /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1
# /home was on /dev/sda8 during installation
UUID=0a3aa38a-1673-4064-b573-9a090be7f3cb /home ext4 defaults 0 2
# swap was on /dev/sda7 during installation
# UUID=ca915564-2474-4399-ae6c-b4d9b73e69d1 none swap sw 0 0
#
# added swapfile
/swapfile none swap sw 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /media/myuser/backintime ext4 nofail 0 0
Swapfile refers to a file at /. As long as you have rootfs there's a place to put that swap file too, so no worries there. Usually there's a separate partition for swap, but that works too.
So, what you need to do is remove sda1 and sda2 windows partitions. That'll leave you ~520GB of unallocated space at the start of the drive. Create a partition there and set it to 'Linux LVM' -type. Then create LVM 'filesystem' on that partition, or more accurately, assign that partition as an LVM physical volume with 'pvcreate'. After that you need to create a volume group with 'vgcreate'. Now you'll have 520GB allocated to LVM. Create new partition for your home with 'lvcreate', use all the space if you like, but at least as big as your current consumption on /home. Then create an filesystem on it and mount it as /mnt/newhome (or whatever).
Log out with your main user and make sure there's no processes running on that user afterwards. Then you can copy data from current home to newhome and unmount the now old home (sda8). Change fstab so that your new home will be mounted on /home (blkid to get UUID and change that to fstab). Mount new home in it's proper place, old home partition will be unmounted at this stage. Verify that everything works.
Now you can change your current sda8, a.k.a. old home, to Linux LVM-type, assign that as LVM physical volume and extend your volume group with vgextend to include the another partition. And now with lvextend you can expand your brand new home directory to that ~850GB total.
But, as I mentioned, make sure that you have your backups in good shape. These steps, if done incorrectly, will destroy your data. That's also why I'm being somewhat vague on the instructions, you'll need to understand what you're doing. There's plenty of information to push you in the right direction, but trust me, it's better for you to take a minute or two and read documentation so that you're actually confident on the steps.
Oops. I had a wrong command there at the start on text, vgcreate is for creating volume group, not lvcreate. I edited it. That would just be a syntax error of sorts, nothing would happen with a wrong command.
USB GUI method is called 'installer' ;) Messing around with partitions is inherently a dangerous thing to do, no matter if you use a GUI or CLI. Today tools like fdisk or parted are pretty good at protecting yourself from yourself, but it's still just one wrong command and your partition table is broken which will be a pain in the rear to fix.
About the default setting, there's plenty of reasons to not choose LVM, even if it is pretty neat. For example if you have a smaller drive on a laptop it usually doesn't add much to even have multiple partitions at all. And also LVM has a small overhead compared to 'raw' partitions, so if you need to squeeze the last drop of disk-io out of the system LVM might not be the right choise. Or you might prefer zfs or brtfs. All solutions have their own pros and cons.
Generally, it's as simple as just deleting the Windows NTFS partition. I would leave the others for now. Depending on how you installed your distro they may be related to your Linux installation. Deleting them could prevent you from booting into your Linux installation.
I'm not as familiar with UEFI as BIOS, but I believe UEFI uses a FAT formatted partition for booting into the OS proper.
You may need to adjust the boot order in your UEFI/BIOS afterwards to get it to boot back to Linux afterwards, but that is fairly uncommon in my experience.
The most likely issue you might run into is accidentally wiping your active Linux partition instead of the Windows one.
I would make backups and have your distros install disk handy before you wipe the partitions.
Afterwards, you can resize your linux root to include the now free space or move your home directory to the new partition after formatting it. Your call.
I would delete the first two partitions and put a new partition there to use as /home. Then expand / where /home was.
It's easy to expand a partition towards the end of the disk. I would not recommend expanding one towards the start of the disk. That would have to move all of the data. It's slow and much more likely to cause problems.
I wouldn't suggest messing with a boot partition unless you are comfortable using a live boot disk to reinstall the bootloader if something goes wrong.
/ though. Isn't that wasted space?
I wouldn’t suggest messing with a boot partition unless you are comfortable using a live boot disk to reinstall the bootloader if something goes wrong.
Repartitioning done but I still get the Windows option in the bootloader menu. It's not the default so not a problem but it's a little annoying.
It still shows up because the windows boot partition is still there.
If you're using grub, you can add GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=true to /etc/default/grub and run update-grub. That will remove other operating systems from the grub boot menu.
/boot/grub/grub.cfg mentioned Windows on sda3 but now it doesn't. The partition is still there of course but at least I don't see the grub menu entry. Many thanks!
The sda1 and sda2 partitions seem safe to format. Just be sure that you really copied everything you need from there. Like others said, better not to mess with the boot partitions
If you want to increase the space of the linux partitions, insead of creating a new extra partition, that may be a bit tricky in that layout, but one thing you can do is (from a live boot) is:
1- delete both windows partitions and create a new ext4 one with ~530gb
2 - clone your /home partition into there and change the fstab to point to the new partition
3- manually check if all your files were safely copied, just to be sure
4 - delete the old /home and expand the size of the / partition into it
you will end with a / partition with ~300gb and a /home of ~530gb
/ will be that big, wasting around 200GB but the setup is definitely better than now and the risk is minimal.
Before you do anything, backup /home.
You can reinstall your system while preserving and expanding your /home partition; this is probably the cleanest and safest way to sort your disk. It allows you to move the boot and filesystem partitions to the start of the disk while keeping /home untouched, and then separately resize /home to fill the rest of the drive. You could not reinstall and manually move the partition but it's slow and riskier when messing with a boot and main filesystem partition; much easier to start again tbh.
I'd get a USB and install Ventoy on it. Ventoy is a great bootable USB tool that lets you drop multiple different bootable ISOs on it (instead of reflashing the drive every time) & pick one at boot; great for installs and also to keep around as a recovery drive. I'd then put on it an ISO file of your preferred linux distro, and also a separate ISO file of a good live distro for recovery. GParted Live is particularly good USB live distro for this because resizing the partition is the aim, but almost any good USB Live Distro will do
I'd then boot up the USB drive and select the ISO for your Linux distro's installer. During install, in the partition section, I'd then use the partition tool in your installer. Dlete all the windows partitions (sda1, sda2, sda3 and sda4), and then delete the exisiting boot (/boot/efi) and root file system (/) and create new ones at the beginning of the disk: 1gb /boot/efi and 85gb system partiton as you have now, and ensure the /home partition is kept and mounted as /home in the new install. You'll have loads of free unpartitioned space; leave that for now.
After the system is reinstalled, I'd boot in, check everything is ok, and then restart and boot the USB again, this time selecting GParted Live. Then with GParted Live, I'd resize the /home partition to fill all the empty space.
But as I said, before you do anything, backup /home.
Ventoy is an open source tool to create bootable USB drive for ISO files. With ventoy, you don't need to format the disk again and again, you just need to copy the iso file to the USB drive and boot it.www.ventoy.net
The fat32 formated partitions are EFI System Partitions used to boot your PC. I assume that sda3 is the one Windows created, while a later Linux install created sda5 as an alternative. Yet sda5 doesn't seem to be really used (with that cute 9MB used), so your Linux boot stuff -including a bootloader that would allow you to start Windows (or you picking directly from EFI?)- is probably all sitting alongside Windows' EFI stuff in sda3.
In fact I wouldn't touch anything there without some backup.
In the end, I went for something like this. I moved /home to the larger partition I created out of the Windows partitions and I will use the old, smaller /home as separate storage.
The problem now is how I can remove Windows from the bootloader. There is no Windows partition left anyway.
It depends how your boot is setup
If you intially get the uefi boot (usually black screen) then try to search "removing entries from uefi boot in Linux"
If you directly get colorful screen then it could be grub and in this case u search for grub instead of uefi
But it also could be something else that is neither grub nor uefi, you really need to find out first what is your bootloader
Everything with a lock means it’s mounted and in use. sda1, sda2, sda3 and sda4 should be safe to format, however as others have mentioned, booting into a live environment is the best course of action as it lets you freely move or extend partitions.
I suggest finding a thumb drive and flashing Gparted onto it.
I would simply delete sda1 and sda2, then that whole part will be available as 1. Format as ext4.
If you play games with steam you could then use it as a space to put games. Steam handles it for you. When you add a disk via Steam settings, it will be listed as an option.
Moving partitions is a tedious task and doesn't always pan out, I personally wouldn't risk it. Let it be a thing to do if you would ever reinstall completely for whatever reason and start fresh then.
Also, backup backup backup.
Kinda already covered by others here, but my summary:
You won't have partitions nicely numbered from 1~3 unless you start again.
1 - Backup
2 - Check the backup
3- Boot from GParted Live (feel free to use another live distro with gparted on)
4- Delete sda1, sda2, sda3 & sda4
5- Move sda5 to the beginning of the drive and resize down to 512MB
6- Slide sda6 & sda7 down next to sda5. I like to have 1MB gap between all partitions to deal with future issues (sometimes restoring a partition might nip the next one)
7- resize /home to fill the rest of the drive
8- redo another backup
If you wanted, you can apply each of those steps and then reboot to check it's all working, then you'll gain confidence in what's happening for the future.
I also advise doing a health scan of your drive to check it's SMART parameters. Something like smartmontools (with gsmartcontrol if you like a GUI). Then you'll know if the drive's going to die during all that data moving...
I am assuming everything other than the two ext4 partitions will have to go.
Your /dev/sda5 the FAT32 mounted at /boot/efi has to stay too! That's your EFI System Partition! It's essential for the boot chain.
What you can do is delete the "Microsoft" directory that's on there, but keep the one named after your distribution!
I have been using Arch with systemd for some years now and I would like to try out Gentoo in order to learn OpenRC and get used to manually controlling the system with config files instead of having it all served on a silver platter with some *ctl command as per systemd.
I have read the installation guide for x86_64 systems two times now, and in the following week, I would like to try installing a minimal system (no graphical stuff).
Any advice from people that already use Gentoo? Especially things that they wish they knew before trying for the first time? Like, what not to waste time on initially? For example, to simply get an Arch system up and running, I didn't have to learn how to write unit files, but I accidentally wasted a week on that before just enjoying my system first. 😅
A few of my own thoughts:
1. How much time and effort should I put into fine tuning the global USE flags if my initial goal is to get a system up and running?
2. With systemd, I enable --nowed that which I wanted to "autostart" (iptables and sshd, for instance). Is there an equally intuitive counterpart with OpenRC?
Thanks in advance! 🐧
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Not that I'm trying to dissuade you, as I am on Gentoo and have been for about 1 year now, but if you're only interested in other init systems, did you consider trying Artix?
I'd still say go with Gentoo if you want fine grained control over nearly every aspect of your system, as compiler flags, eselect profiles, and just overall minimalism make it superior for tinkerers imho.
That said, if you just wanted to experience other init systems like openrc, then Artix might be a good option. Prior to jumping to Gentoo, I was on Artix Linux with runit init system for 6 years. It was good, but I wanted to know more about Gentoo. There were some definite tradeoffs from Artix with runit, but I appreciated the fine grained control I got with Gentoo's compiler flags, so I stayed on Gentoo.
The only advice I'd say when installing Gentoo is to choose your profile carefully during initial install and to choose your stage 3 tarball accordingly (just think about your ultimate use case). Also, if you need to use wifi, make sure to install wpa supplicant while chrooted into the live environment.
Anyways, hope this helps.
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Any advice from people that already use Gentoo? Especially things that they wish they knew before trying for the first time?
This is more things-about-bootloaders I wished I'd known/remembered when installing more recent systems, but:
How much time and effort should I put into fine tuning the global USE flags if my initial goal is to get a system up and running?
Not much, unless there's something you really want to exclude (-systemd, for instance). Most of the time the default USE flags will give you a workable, feature-rich system (and allow you to use more binary packages).
What you need to pay attention to is your choice of profile, which sets your default USE flags. Profiles in the desktop series enable a lot of USE flags. For the most basic command-line system, you're better off picking default/linux/amd64/23.0 (or default/linux/amd64/23.0/split-usr if you want the old FHS setup where /bin and /usr/bin etc. are different directories—if you don't care about this, stick with the default and ignore split-usr). Avoid no-multilib, hardened, and anything marked "(exp)" or "(dev)" unless you have some specific reason for wanting that profile.
With systemd, I enable --nowed that which I wanted to “autostart” (iptables and sshd, for instance). Is there an equally intuitive counterpart with OpenRC?
I think you want the rc-update command, specifically rc-update add [service] default (assuming you want the default runlevel, which you nearly always do). There's a man page.
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A few personal notes here https://wik/ i.gardiol.org/3-linux-gentoo see the su pages as well
Gentoo is a great choice! I use it an all my devices from servers to laptops and workstations . It's fun, solid, stable and efficient.
Good choice, and... Good luck... Dm for any issue.
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I guess at the very least I’ll single out my graphic drivers (Intel)?
You shouldn't need to concern yourself about this until you're looking to install X or wayland (at which time you'll want to put VIDEO_CARDS="intel i915" or similar in make.conf—read the wiki to see which drivers match your specific chipset; my example stanza is for a Kaby Lake system). The basic drivers should autoload unless you compiled a custom kernel and left them out by mistake.
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I bought new shoes! Which is exciting for me, considering I usually buy used shoes, and it's even more exciting because I kinda really like them. These bad boys are made of a fancy compostable material called Soleic, and I just love that for them cause it's such a fun name.
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While the Rust Coreutils offers better memory safety than GNU Coreutils due to being written in the Rust programming language, subtle incompatibilities continue to be spotted in the Rust Coreutils implementations of the different commandswww.phoronix.com
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Im so happy work stopped using ubuntu server after last time.
Also how the heck do you break cp of all things.
I dont want to experiment with core utils.
cp of all things
cp might sound simple because its a very necessary thing for an OS to do, but there's quite some technical depth to each of the core utils, if it were simple people would just be pumping out coreutil practice projects just like they do with "generic CRUD web app 5000"
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if it were simple people would just be pumping out coreutil practice projects
you might be surprised how many results come up when you search for this sort of thing
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What an absolute shitshow
I'd say the month of June is actually a good time to be breaking and fixing things in a release that is due to come out in (checks notes) October.
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No, it is not a good time. A project like Ubuntu should now be in freeze as they had about 3 months before release
This bug was reported (and resolved by rolling back to the GNU coreutils version of cp) on June 30, a little over 15 weeks prior to the scheduled release date.
Which distros have a feature freeze that far in advance?
Ubuntu hasn't even scheduled theirs for this release yet; if you edit that url to look at previous releases' schedules you can see their feature freeze and debian import freezes are typically about 2 months prior to release. (See here for descriptions of all of the different types of freezes...)
,,, Week, Date (Thursday), 26.10 events,,, April 2026,,,, 1, April 30, Toolchain Uploaded,, May 2026,,,, 2, May 07,,, 3, May 14,,, 4, May 21,,, 5, May 28,,, June 2026,,,, 6, June 04,,, 7, June 11,,...Ubuntu release notes
I love rust, but I absolutely hate how it's used to jam MIT licenses where GPL belongs. Maybe it's time we consider using corpos tools against them, and use an AI to rewrite GNU utils to Rust, so that people can continue contributing to Rust while not feeding corps?
Edit: Though licensing AI software is iffy at best, you've got to own the copyright to something to licence it: Non-human productions are legally non-copyrightable. Also it might be better to just have humans do it anyway. The intent of my message was just that maybe we ought to deprive MIT-licensed projects from FOSS-motivated developers by providing Rust GPL alternatives to MIT/corporate Rust projects
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Rust-rewriting is a kind of madness. I like Rust, it's an amazing language. But why rewrite programs that existed for decades and have proven their stability and safety? Rewriting them to Rust won't make them safer, it will just introduce the kind of issues original versions have got fixed long ago.
The MIT license also is a concern. I understand that many projects use it, and we can't just reject them because of the license. But here we don't see an innovation under MIT license - we see a copy of existing GNU tools, with hilarious issues and a corporation-friendly license.
The fact uutils are being shipped despite being so raw shows that this is not about better software. The whole project is about abolishing GPL. And Rust is just an excuse.
And the quality level of uutils being already shipped tells they either make free alpha testers for the corpos of the users, or there were no competent programmers to take part in the development.
C will remain the core of the modern digital world for many years. It is impossible to rewrite everything to Rust in a couple of years. It needs a careful professional approach if we really want this to make software better. But in this case, no one does.
like this
TVA likes this.
But why rewrite programs that existed for decades and have proven their stability and safety? Rewriting them to Rust won’t make them safer, it will just introduce the kind of issues original versions have got fixed long ago.
Of course rewriting them will introduce some new issues, but it will also eliminate classes of bugs from which there are definitely still a great many in old "stable" C code (bugs which are now being discovered and will presumably continue to be discovered at a much faster pace due to LLMs).
The whole project is about abolishing GPL. And Rust is just an excuse.
I don't think it is just an excuse; I believe that improving security is also a goal... but removing GPL code is clearly also part of their motivation 🙁
Eliminating some obscure bugs from C code is not worth intruducing a lot of new bugs. GNU coreutils have been used and polished for so long, that it would be far more effective just to fix the issues as they reveal right in the original code. If rewriting removes one kind of bugs while introducing another - then what's the whole point?
I cannot imagine obviously buggy code from 2020s being more secure than code that has been around since previous century. Again, even if Rust for real is a better solution for security reasons, the way it is being developed and shipped is not how one makes software more secure. Disregarding the license, uutils look like something pursuing hype, not strategical benefits.
Are you sure Hank done it this way?blog.kimiblock.top
Certainly an interesting vulnerability, but one you shouldn't worry about.
If you do really care about sandbox security, the first thing I would recommend doing is globally blocking filesystem access to anywhere in your $HOME that runs script code, such as:
* bash files like ~/.bashrc and ~/.bash_profile
* ~/.local/bin and ~/bin
* ~/.ssh
I have a script that I use to control flatpak overrides and I do something like this:
# paths to block
GLOBAL_RESTRICTION_PATHS=(
"~/.bash_logout"
"~/.bash_profile"
"~/.bashrc"
"~/.profile"
"~/.ssh"
"~/.zshenv"
"xdg-config/zsh"
"~/.local/bin"
"xdg-config/systemd"
)
# globally block these paths
for path in "${GLOBAL_RESTRICTION_PATHS[@]}"; do
flatpak --user override --nofilesystem="$path"
done
# but allow some apps like text editors to access them
for path in "${GLOBAL_RESTRICTION_PATHS[@]}"; do
flatpak --user override --filesystem="$path" org.gnome.TextEditor
done
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Timestamps:
00:00 Intro
00:43 Sponsor: SquareSpace
02:15 Sony & Microsoft just handed Linux a major win
07:30 PS5 Linux project now works pretty well
08:45 New Linux tablet looks pretty nice
10:23 Google Fined 4 billion euros
13:00 Some cool GNOME apps released and updated
15:32 Unpatched vulnerability in KDE 6.7
17:20 Microsoft launches WSL containers
18:48 Canonical sponsors a Rust focused entity
20:53 Fedora revamps their Community process over AI desktop spin
24:18 Kernel devs want to drop the "assisted by AI" tag
26:11 Sponsor: Tuxedo Computers
Links:
Sony & Microsoft just handed Linux a major win
blog.playstation.com/2026/07/0…
bbc.com/news/articles/c0ryjyvj…
techradar.com/gaming/sony-anno…
techradar.com/streaming/entert…
techradar.com/gaming/xbox-migh…
PS5 Linux project now works pretty well
gamingonlinux.com/2026/07/play…
New Linux tablet looks pretty nice
junocomputers.com/juno-tab-4-w…
Google Fined 4 billion euros
bleepingcomputer.com/news/lega…
Some cool GNOME apps released and updated
thisweek.gnome.org/posts/2026/…
Unpatched vulnerability in KDE 6.7
blog.kimiblock.top/2026/07/01/…
Microsoft launches WSL containers
devblogs.microsoft.com/command…
Canonical sponsors a Rust focused entity
ubuntu.com/blog/canonical-beco…
discourse.ubuntu.com/t/careful…
Fedora revamps their Community process over AI desktop spin
lists.fedoraproject.org/archiv…
Kernel devs want to drop the "assisted by AI" tag
phoronix.com/news/Linux-AI-Att…
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Just install the package of DE and switch to it through the login page (display manager).
Fedora do provide a "group" of packages to install COSMIC Desktop. To install it:
sudo dnf install @cosmic-desktopFedora KDE uses SDDM as login/display manager. I've never used it so I don't know where to click to switch DE, but maybe it should be the "Other" button.
Fedora Workstation uses GDM (Gnome Display Manager). To switch DE click the cogwheel in the bottom-right corner.
By reading the official Fedora documentation I've found out that there are "special groups" named "environments".
To list all of them:
dnf environment list --available | grep -i desktopsudo dnf install @cosmic-desktop-environment
By doing:
dnf environment info cosmic-desktop-environmentDifferent Fedora Linux variants (Spins/Labs) have different default environments. For example, the Fedora workstation uses GNOME as its default desktop environment, while the KDE spin will use KDE. Irrespective of…Fedora Docs
This is a bit more manual, so there isn't a safe way.
You can get groups installed by enviroment with this:
dnf environment info kde-desktop-environmentsudo dnf remove @kde-desktop
This maybe could try to delete packages even required by your new cosmic environment or other packages useful in general. Try to run the command and see what it lists to remove (do not confirm if not sure). This is a safer version which automatically says " no", sou you can just list changes:
sudo dnf remove --assumeno @kde-desktopdnf group info kde-desktopsudo dnf remove kwin plasma-* kscreenlocker kdialog kdesplasma-addons [...]
If you delete the old display manager (ie SDDM), remember to switch to the new one. I'm not sure if the system does it automatically. To switch do:
sudo systemctl enable cosmic-greeter.servicesudo dnf install cosmic-greater
I don't have Fedora around, but in general just install all the desktop environments you wish from package manager. Most (if not all) login managers support changing the environment on every login. I don't remember exactly how that works on plasma login manager, but there should be a pretty obvious menu item to pick from before inputting your password.
You obviously need to have autologin disabled in order to see the selection screen.
If you read the document there's this GUI tool for the same :
docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/q…
Different Fedora Linux variants (Spins/Labs) have different default environments. For example, the Fedora workstation uses GNOME as its default desktop environment, while the KDE spin will use KDE. Irrespective of…Fedora Docs
Switchdesk is a GUI for changing the default desktop once they're installed, not for installing desktops.
The top of the page you link explains how to install alternative desktops which is using DNF. The GUI route to do this would be to use a DNF frontend like DNFDragora and search for the relevant desktop metapackage, and then install that.
It's already at version 1.2.0, it's backed by a company who actually ships it as default and it got a solid roadmap.
I think it's still young but should not give any big issue.
Next generation Cosmic desktop environment. Contribute to pop-os/cosmic-epoch development by creating an account on GitHub.GitHub
Word of advice, it's best to make a new user for a new DE, lets you go back easily and avoids conflicts, basically necessary with KDE -> Gnome.
If you're actually already on an atomic fedora (as evidenced by rpm-ostree) you can have a look over here. There are also a few other images around but most seem old and unmaintained.
Tirana (Albania) (AFP) – Violent clashes erupted between police and demonstrators outside Albania's parliament on Thursday, as protests sparked by a resort development linked to US President Donald Trump's family threatened to escalate.Protests began in late May against the planned construction of a luxury hotel linked to Trump's daughter Ivanka and her husband Jared Kushner in a nature reserve in Zvernec, on Albania's southwestern coast.
For the second time this week, crowds gathered outside parliament to confront lawmakers and block entry to the building.
Lines of riot police pushed them back, leading to clashes and arrests, according to AFP journalists at the scene.
Police used tear gas, pepper spray and water cannon to break up the crowd, and some protesters tried to push through lines of officers.
Nine officers were injured by objects thrown by protesters, police said, but did not confirm arrest numbers.
Local media reported that as many as 20 had been detained.
People were also seen smashing the windows of an empty police car in a nearby street as the crowd was pushed away from area.
On Tuesday, six people were arrested when demonstrators threw eggs at lawmakers' cars.
The violence is a marked contrast to the overwhelmingly peaceful daily gatherings that have drawn thousands to the streets since the movement began.
The planned resort was first unveiled in 2024, but the latest wave of protests began after barbed-wire fencing and bulldozers appeared on beaches in late May.
Opposition to the project has become a flashpoint for anger over perceived corruption, with protesters calling for Prime Minister Edi Rama to step down over what they describe as a lack of transparency.
Violent clashes erupted between police and demonstrators outside Albania's parliament on Thursday, as protests sparked by a resort development linked to US President Donald Trump's family threatened…RFI
Sensitive content
He's getting up there, guys, but he's still going. Come join me this Shaggy Day to celebrate Shaggy's... Nth birthday~! And let's just ignore the fact that this was filmed a week after Shaggy Day, with a little update two months after Shaggy Day, and finally published 5 months after Shaggy Day.
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『Designing Connected Content』を読みました。
情報サイトなどを作る際に、最初から利害関係者を巻き込んで、ドメイン・モデル → コンテンツ・モデル → コンテンツ、という流れで議論して一緒に作り上げてく、というやり方を勧める本で、DDDと共通した考え方でコンテンツマネジメントも行きましょうということでした。
日本語版の発売当初に購入自体はしていたけど、最近IAに興味があり、積読を消化したのでした。
著者：マイク・アザートン、キャリー・ヘイン定価：本体3,600円 + 税発行・発売：株式会社 ボーンデジタルISBN：978-4-86246-519-1総ページ数：288 ページサイズ：B5紙版発売日：2022年2月上旬電子版ボーンデジタルオンラインブックストア
...
The Brexit divide may have represented an earthquake in British politics a decade ago, and even a useful category in the 2017 and 2019 general elections, but with each passing year it is becoming less relevant as new experiences and debates reconfigure an electorate that is itself evolving over time. Talk of “leavers” and “remainers” is on the way to resembling that of Roundheads and Cavaliers in the English Civil War, or of supporters and opponents of the 19th-century Corn Laws; the relic of a long-past historical clash rather than a guide to future political behaviour.
...
British voters of all political hues have left the old leaver-remainer rift behind. They may well be divided on many other things, as the country’s party-political fragmentation suggests, but on the future of UK-EU relations there is a lot of common ground. Therein lies a chance to leave the old polarisation of the 2016 era behind. The referendum ten years ago sometimes seemed to turn colleagues, families, even places against themselves and each other (the BBC’s flagship documentary on the anniversary is called “Brexit: A Very British Civil War”). Today’s picture is actually more promising: more pro-European, yes, but also a more nuanced patchwork of opinion with a lot of common ground concerning the threats facing the country.
...
Ten years on from the referendum, the British electorate has moved on from its old divisions and—in a world of crisis—is embracing an ambitious move back towardEuropean Council on Foreign Relations
British voters are mostly stupid
Honestly this, it's why the Brexit vote even passed in the first place; heck, there was a large number of people googling 'what is the EU' after the Brexit vote passed
Winston Churchill is incorrectly attributed with having said "The best argument against democracy is a five-minute conversation with the average voter", but if he had said it he would have been right
Government by the retarded, for the retarded, of the retardedOriginal video: https://youtu.be/fCQoukZvvFoProf (YouTube)
Israel has for decades carried out a “reproductive genocide” of the Palestinian people, obliterating medical institutions, executing women and children and degrading the lived environment to such a point that it results in infertility, a new report says.
This practice, the Palestinian Feminist Collective report contends, has accelerated since Israel’s genocide in Gaza began following the Hamas-led attacks of 7 October 2023, with the intention of making it impossible for Palestinian life to continue.
Last week, the UN’s top investigative body on Palestine and Israel concluded that Israeli forces had deliberately targeted Palestinian children as a central element of their assault on Gaza.
A new report from the Palestinian Feminist Collective details the destruction of health facilities, the environment and the execution of mothers and childrenOscar Rickett (Middle East Eye)
If you are running Android 8 or higher, a virus has been installed on your device and is silently awaiting remote activation. Over the past few months, devic...f-droid.org
We have reached out to the malware vendor with our inquiries.
Scathing.
cross-posted from: hexbear.net/post/8915892
(original article in Swedish that reported this)Posting this because I hadn't heard about it before and I'm probably not the only Mullvad user here, so might as well.
The party claims to stand for a "class-conscious populism" which according to party leader Markus Allard takes inspiration from marxist ideology and unites the "productive" classes of society against the "Transferiat", with the "Transferiat" being a term coined by Allard to describe the classes of society that lives off transfers that are a net negative for society such as those who, despite having an ability to work, live off social welfare benefits, as well as those who work "made-up services"[...]The party differs from modern day left-wing parties by seeing the working class as co-dependent with people working in enterprise and business and instead sees the classes that "live off transfers", as specified, as a large economic net-negative and an obstacle for a functional society.
Their ideology is nonsense fake-marxist revisionism to redirect anger at capitalism and turn it against immigrants and people who need social welfare (though they do back some generally left oriented social policies, their main thing appears to be racism)
Even if you're comfortable with funding this, it still begs the question of just how trustworthy Mullvad actually is.
I guess this still beats any of the dozens of Israeli VPNs that definitely spy on you, but it's not great
It-bolaget Mullvads grundare donerade fem miljoner – till parti som vill se ”storskalig återvandring”Jacob Lundberg (Flamman)
Your headline is misleading.
One of the founders (and co-ceo) of Mullvad made a substantial donation to an unhinged political party.
Mullvad did not, and Mullvad claim to be against it.
This has been all over mastodon for days.
Their response quoted here was too subtle, but you know it is pr for a very serious issue for the company.
"not part of Mullvad's values" ,perhaps we interpret this differently because we are different people. If something is not part of my values, I am against it, because I am value based, how I interact with society is completely defined by my values.
For all I know you are corn chip based, maybe even a corn chip cooked in palm oil, using child labour, purchased from amazon, and delivered by ubereats.
news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4…
Hi,Mullvad has two owners, founders, and CEOs - Daniel Berntsson, and me, Fredrik Strömberg. All posts I've seen yesterday and today, including the newspaper articles, talk about Mullvad as if Daniel is the single owner, founder and CEO. It should be obvious that Daniel's private donation to a political party is not part of Mullvad's values or mission.
If you have any questions, comments or concerns you're welcome to comment on this thread, or email our customer support.
See below for the response you'll get from support:
Mullvad is a political company. We fight for freedom of speech, freedom of information and the right to privacy. These are firmly held values of the founders of Mullvad.
Mullvad protects the right for people to express things we don't agree with. We protect the right of everyone to access views we don't agree with.
We also live these values by being tolerant in our daily work. Everyone is welcome to collaborate with Mullvad if they share these narrow core values. As employees, contractors, customers, suppliers, lobbyists, campaign partners or whatever it might be. No matter what their other opinions are and no matter whether the founders or anyone else in Mullvad dislike them. The founders themselves fundamentally disagree on several important issues.
This is what allows us to advance our common causes. Being in a tolerant and intellectually open environment is also liberating and promotes truth seeking.
The more people do this, the better a place the world will be.
It should be obvious that Daniel's private donation to a political party is not part of Mullvad's values or mission, in the same way that someone's opinions on animal rights, taxes or public healthcare policy isn't.
That said, if you no longer want to be a Mullvad customer for philosophical reasons, we think it's important to honor that. In that case, reach out to support.
I mean doesn't sound that far off from "he who does not work, neither shall he eat"
In the USSR work is a duty and a matter of honor for every able-bodied citizen, in accordance with the principle: "He who does not work, neither shall he eat".
He's a fascist. Part of fascism is co-opting Marxist talking points but pinning the blame on other working class people. The reason fascism comes about is due to a worsening life for regular people, leading them to believe the current system is rigged against them. Marxism tells them there is a different way and blames capitalism. Fascism tells them there's a different way and it's blame other working class people. Existing capitalists, like Daniel, see the Marxists as a threat to their power and throw their support behind the fascist to maintain power.
Listen to a lot of Trump's campaign speeches leading up to the 2016 election and it sounds like stuff from the occupy wall st movement, right up until he starts railing against Mexicans. That's what fascism is.
Internal emails reveal changes resulted directly from complaints by pro-Israel activists, with the museum and its director subsequently misleading prominent criticsMiddle East Eye
reshared this
Proletarian Rage reshared this.
The Odyssey - In Theaters 7 17 26Christopher Nolan’s next film, The Odyssey, is a mythic action epic shot across the world using brand new IMAX® film technol...Universal Pictures (YouTube)
Blockbuster films should have something that no one has ever seen before. In the case of Interstellar, it was the depiction of a black hole as it would probably look.
That is what is missing from cinema now, it's just the same old stuff recycled.
In Jenin, Israel is building the first permanent military base in Area A since the Oslo Accords in the 1990s.Aseel Mafarjeh (Drop Site News)
cross-posted from: lemmy.ml/post/49456761
June 30, 2026
In Jenin, Israel is building the first permanent military base in Area A since the Oslo Accords in the 1990s.Aseel Mafarjeh (Drop Site News)
シン チェリン監督『PEAK END』を観ました。二回観ました。
一回目は封切り日の2026-06-13、イメージフォーラムでの夜の回、シン チェリン（監督、主演）、伊丹そら（主演）、犬童一心（ゲスト）のトークショー付きの回に行きました。
まず、せりふのリアルさがやばかった。本当に普段しているような会話、脱線とか、途中で言い辞めるとか、意味の無い呟きとか、本当に普段しているような会話（二回目言っちゃう）になっていました。サイトの説明だけ読んで劇映画と思って観始めて、実際劇映画つまりフィクションではあるのだけど、「このせりふ回しは、書こうと思ったら書けないやつじゃない？」と思いながら観ていました。そして実際、多分書いていない。トークショーを聞くと、シチュエーションだけ（フィクションなので）設定して、そこで話されることは任せる、そういう風になっていたみたいで、フィクションなのに書かれていないせりふ回しになっていたわけです。すごかった。
そして伊丹そらの魅力。これもトークショーからで、「伊丹そらを撮りたい」と始まった企画らしいのだけど、実際凄く魅力的に撮れていました。「俳優・伊丹そら」というわけではなく（多分俳優ではない筈）、伊丹そら自身の魅力で。特に好きなのはシン チェリン（リン）と二人でやった展覧会の場面。互いに相手の撮った写真の裏に言葉を書いて、それを見せる展覧会で、展示された物を見ながらそらがリンに「文字見てから写真見てる？ 写真見てから文字見てる？」と聞くところ。「先に文字を見る？ 写真？」みたいに言わず物を物のまま話していて、こういう感じが全然散りばめられています。「先」みたいな目に見えない物を言わない魅力、分かりますよね。
ずっとポジティブなのもよかった。またまたトークショーから、「ちょっとギスギスするところも入れた方が……」みたいなことも言われたらしいのですが全然！ いらないと思う！ 結局そうはせずにずっと肯定的な場面で繋がれていました。ポジティブ -> ネガティブ → ポジティブってやって「ドラマチック」に興味を引くのでなくて、そういう山谷無しでずっとポジティブ。それで二時間全く飽きない。
あんまり面白くて、サインを貰った時に「また観に来ます」なんて監督に言ったのだけど、一週間後の2026-06-20、本当に観に行きました。トークショーが保坂和志だったから、そもそもこの映画を観ようと思ったのは保坂和志がツイートしていたからなのですよね、それはもう行くしか無い。
こういう映画増えてほしいです、勿論シン チェリン監督の次回作にも期待。
For small and medium-sized engineering contractors, staying competitive in today's construction landscape means delivering consistent quality while controlling costs and meeting tight deadlines. One of the most effective levers for achieving this is upgrading your batching and transport equipment, particularly the machine that handles concrete production on site. A modern self loading concrete mixer(hormigonera autocargable) can transform operational efficiency, reduce material waste, and improve job site safety—all of which directly impact your bottom line. This article explores practical ways that smaller contractors can leverage equipment upgrades to win more bids, retain skilled labor, and expand into new geographic markets, with special attention to the opportunities and challenges present in South America's growing construction sector.
A self loading concrete mixer combines aggregate loading, mixing, and transport into a single, self-contained unit. Unlike traditional drum mixers that require separate loaders and batching plants, this equipment allows one operator to produce fresh concrete precisely where it is needed, without relying on external machinery. For small and medium contractors, this independence translates into lower equipment hire costs, reduced labor requirements, and faster cycle times between pours. Furthermore, a self loading concrete mixer minimizes material segregation and ensures consistent slump, which reduces rework and enhances structural quality—a key differentiator when bidding against larger competitors.
Many smaller firms still rely on manual batching methods or stationary mixers that require wheel loader support. Upgrading to a modern self loading concrete mixer eliminates the need for a separate loading shovel, cutting fuel and maintenance expenses by up to 30%. The automated weighing system on newer models ensures precise aggregate-to-cement ratios, reducing cement overuse and improving mix strength reliability. For contractors operating in regions with variable material quality, such as remote areas of Bolivia, having a self loading concrete mixer with onboard water metering and admixture dosing allows you to adapt to local sand and gravel conditions without sacrificing quality.
Time is money on any construction site. A modern self loading concrete mixer can produce a full batch (typically 1.5 to 3.5 cubic meters) in under three minutes, including automatic loading, mixing, and discharge. This speed allows smaller crews to place more concrete per shift, directly increasing daily output. For contractors who frequently work on dispersed projects—common in Chile's mining and road construction sectors—a self loading concrete mixer reduces the logistical bottleneck of coordinating ready-mix truck deliveries, especially in areas with limited access or unpredictable weather. The self-loading concrete mixer Chile market has seen a surge in adoption precisely because contractors recognize that faster batching gives them a decisive edge in meeting project milestones.
One of the most immediate benefits of upgrading is the reduction in operating expenses. A self loading concrete mixer typically consumes 20-40% less fuel per cubic meter of concrete compared to a separate loader-plus-mixer setup. Additionally, since the machine requires only one operator instead of a loader driver and a mixer attendant, labor costs drop significantly. For a small contractor with five to ten employees, this can mean redirecting one crew member to finishing or formwork tasks, improving overall job site efficiency. In Bolivia, where labor costs have been rising and skilled operators are at a premium, investing in a self loading concrete mixer Bolivia operation can help maintain profit margins while offering competitive hourly rates to clients.
Upgrading equipment opens doors to new types of work. With a reliable self loading concrete mixer, small contractors can confidently bid on projects that require multiple small pours, such as curb and gutter, retaining walls, or slab-on-grade foundations—jobs that larger ready-mix suppliers often find uneconomical to service. Furthermore, the mobility of a self loading concrete mixer makes it ideal for remote infrastructure projects, pipeline construction, or rural housing developments. For example, contractors exploring opportunities in Bolivia's expanding road network can use a self loading concrete mixer Bolivia unit to produce concrete on-site, eliminating the high transport costs associated with ready-mix deliveries over long distances. Similarly, those working across the border in Chile can standardize their fleet with a self loading concrete mixer Chile(autohormigoneras Chile) configuration that meets local emissions and safety standards, ensuring compliance while expanding their service area.
For many small and medium contractors, the upfront cost of a new self loading concrete mixer can be daunting. However, several financing pathways exist: equipment leasing, manufacturer financing programs, and government-backed SME loans in countries like Chile and Bolivia. When evaluating these options, consider not just the monthly payment but the total cost of ownership over five years, including fuel, maintenance, and potential resale value. Many suppliers now offer refurbished or demo units, which can reduce acquisition cost by 25-40% while still providing modern features. A smart strategy is to start with a used self loading concrete mixer to prove the business case, then trade up to a new model as revenue grows.
An upgraded self loading concrete mixer often comes with improved ergonomics, joystick controls, and advanced telematics. While these features enhance ease of use, they also require proper operator training. Investing in a two-day factory or onsite training program pays off quickly through reduced machine abuse, fewer breakdowns, and higher productivity. Moreover, offering operators the chance to work with modern, comfortable equipment can improve staff retention—a critical advantage in markets where experienced machine operators are scarce. For contractors operating a self loading concrete mixer Bolivia(autohormigonera Bolivia) or Chile site, providing formal training also demonstrates professionalism to clients and safety inspectors, which can be a competitive differentiator when tendering for government contracts.
Modern self loading concrete mixers are equipped with GPS and onboard diagnostics that track fuel consumption, idle time, batch counts, and maintenance alerts. For a small contractor, this data is invaluable for accurate job costing, identifying inefficient practices, and providing transparent reports to project owners. You can show clients exactly how many batches were poured, at what time, and with what mix design—building trust and justifying change orders when needed. This level of transparency is particularly appealing to international clients working in Chile or Bolivia, who often demand rigorous quality assurance documentation.
In the construction industry, reputation is everything. A contractor who consistently delivers concrete with the right slump, strength, and finish will earn repeat business and referrals. Upgrading to a reliable self loading concrete mixer minimizes the risk of breakdowns during critical pours, which can otherwise cause costly construction joints or delays. For small firms, every successful project builds a track record that can be used to negotiate better terms with suppliers and secure bank financing for future expansions. When you combine a self loading concrete mixer with proper quality control procedures, you position your company as a dependable partner rather than a budget option.
Upgrading to a modern self loading concrete mixer is not just about buying a machine—it is about rethinking your entire concrete production workflow. Start by analyzing your current costs per cubic meter, including labor, fuel, maintenance, and waste. Then compare those figures with the projected costs using a new or late-model used self loading concrete mixer. If the savings exceed the financing costs within 18-24 months, the upgrade makes clear financial sense. Additionally, consider the strategic benefits: the ability to bid on more diverse projects, work in remote locations, and deliver consistent quality under tight schedules.
For contractors eyeing growth in South America, the self-loading concrete mixer Chile and Bolivia markets offer ample opportunities, particularly in infrastructure, mining, and residential development. By upgrading your equipment now, you not only reduce operating costs but also signal to clients that you are serious about quality and efficiency. Remember, competitiveness is not solely about price—it is about delivering more value per dollar spent. A modern self loading concrete mixer helps you do exactly that, ensuring your small or medium firm stands out in a crowded field.
Nuestro AIMIX brinda autohormigonera Chile para la venta con un precio razonable. Autohormigonera en Chile es una máquina importante.AIMIXgrupo (AIMIX GROUP)
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For project managers and construction entrepreneurs, the perennial quandary of whether to produce concrete on-site or rely on ready-mix suppliers is more than a logistical question; it is a fundamental financial strategy. While the convenience of outsourcing is undeniable, a closer examination of the cost dynamics, project control, and operational agility reveals a compelling narrative. The acquisition of a small portable batch plant is not merely an equipment purchase; it is a strategic investment that recalibrates the entire economic model of a project. This article delves into the nuanced advantages that on-site production holds over traditional outsourcing, demonstrating how this capital expenditure can rapidly transmute into a significant and sustained return on investment (ROI).
At first glance, outsourcing concrete appears to be a straightforward transaction—pay a per-cubic-meter price and receive the material. However, this apparent simplicity often masks a plethora of ancillary charges that cumulatively erode the project's bottom line. The true cost of concrete is not just the invoice from the supplier; it encompasses logistical friction, material wastage, and the opportunity cost of project delays.
The cost of transporting concrete is a significant, and often underestimated, burden. Fuel surcharges, vehicle maintenance, and the driver's time are all embedded within the delivered price. Furthermore, the logistical ballet of scheduling multiple deliveries to avoid setting times is fraught with peril. A single traffic jam or a breakdown can cause a cascading series of delays, halting work crews and incurring idle labor costs. These inefficiencies are not just operational headaches; they represent a direct and measurable drain on the project’s financial resources. The supply chain is also susceptible to external shocks, such as aggregate shortages or cement price hikes, which are invariably passed on to the consumer, leaving the project manager with little recourse but to absorb the escalating costs.
Ordering ready-mix is an exercise in forecasting. Order too little, and the project grinds to a halt while a 'top-up' is dispatched, often at a premium. Order too much, and you are left with a surplus of a perishable commodity. This surplus, unable to be stored or used on subsequent days, is ultimately discarded, representing pure financial loss. This wastage is frequently compounded by the necessity to order a standard mix design, which may not be perfectly suited for the specific nuances of every pour. Conversely, an on-site plant permits the creation of bespoke batches in precise quantities, mitigating waste and ensuring that the mix is perfectly tailored to the task at hand, eliminating the premium paid for the supplier's standardized production runs.
Transitioning from a consumer to a producer of concrete bestows a profound level of control over the construction process. This mastery extends beyond mere cost savings, unlocking significant gains in efficiency, quality, and scheduling autonomy. A concrete mobile batch plant is a tool of empowerment, transforming the project manager from a reactive coordinator into a proactive orchestrator of the build.
The ownership of a batching plant ensures a continuous, uninterrupted flow of concrete. This is the quintessential definition of 'just-in-time' production for construction. Crews can work at their optimal pace without the anxiety of waiting for the next truck. This fluidity is particularly advantageous for large-volume pours, such as foundations and slabs, where a continuous pour is critical for structural integrity. The elimination of downtime, where laborers are paid to wait, creates a substantial and immediate boost in productivity. The rhythm of work becomes more organic and less dictated by the arbitrary schedule of an external supplier, allowing for accelerated project timelines and earlier project completion.
When concrete is outsourced, the producer's quality control is largely a matter of trust. With an on-site plant, the project manager possesses the ability to meticulously monitor every variable. The provenance of the aggregates, the accuracy of the cement and water metering, and the precise mix of admixtures are all directly observed and can be adjusted in real-time. This granular control is invaluable for complex projects requiring specialized mixes, such as those with specific slump requirements, rapid setting times, or high early strength. The ability to dial in the exact mix design required, on demand, ensures a superior and more consistent finished product, mitigating the risk of structural failures and costly remedial work that can arise from substandard outsourced material.
The decision to invest in a portable batching plant is often perceived as a significant capital outlay. However, when viewed through the lens of a multi-project portfolio, the investment is not an expense but an asset that appreciates in value through utility. The portable nature of the plant further amplifies this strategic advantage.
The economics are compelling. Even a modest project requiring several thousand cubic meters of concrete will see the cost of the plant amortized surprisingly quickly, often within the duration of a single major project. The savings derived from eliminating the markups on material, transportation, and wastage collectively contribute to a rapid payback period. Once the initial investment is recouped, the small batch plant becomes a revenue-generating asset. For contractors managing multiple projects, the portability of the plant allows it to be moved seamlessly from one site to the next, providing a consistent and cost-effective concrete solution across the entire business operation, thus compounding returns over time.
Owning a batching plant acts as a powerful hedge against the volatility of the construction market. It insulates the project from supplier-driven price hikes and provides a stable, predictable cost basis for concrete. This financial predictability is a cornerstone of effective project budgeting and risk management. Furthermore, a well-maintained plant retains a high resale value, should the business model evolve. Its presence on a job site also serves as a potent symbol of professionalism and self-sufficiency, potentially enhancing the company's reputation and its capacity to tender for larger, more lucrative contracts that demand high-volume, high-quality concrete output.
Investing in a small concrete batch plant for sale in Aimix Group is wise decision. Choose one among various types of small batch plants now!aimixblock (AIMIX Concrete Solutions - Concrete Production & Pumping & Paving)
Singapore's position as a regional logistics hub means businesses have multiple choices for moving goods across the causeway. While air freight offers speed and sea freight handles massive volumes, road transport provides a practical middle ground for most commercial shipments. This guide examines the various cargo delivery service options available for businesses trading between Malaysia and Singapore, from full truckloads to consolidated shipments.
Understanding the full range of cross-border transport solutions helps you make better decisions for your supply chain. Whether you are shipping industrial components, consumer goods, or perishable items, the right cargo delivery service can balance cost, speed, and reliability. This article breaks down the key considerations, from choosing between dedicated and shared transport to navigating customs procedures and managing last-mile delivery.
Road freight between Malaysia and Singapore comes in two main forms: full truckload and less-than-truckload. Full truckload services dedicate an entire vehicle to your shipment, which is ideal when you have enough goods to fill a container or when your cargo requires exclusive handling. This option minimises transit time because the truck travels directly from your origin to destination without intermediate stops. For businesses sending large volumes regularly, FTL provides predictable scheduling and consistent service quality.
Less-than-truckload services consolidate shipments from multiple customers into a single vehicle. This approach is cost-effective for smaller consignments because you only pay for the space your goods occupy. Your cargo delivery service provider will collect your items, take them to a consolidation centre, and group them with other shipments heading in the same direction. While LTL may take slightly longer due to the consolidation and deconsolidation process, it offers significant savings for businesses that do not generate enough volume for a full truck. Many companies use LTL for sample shipments, spare parts, or smaller retail orders.
The decision between dedicated and shared transport depends on several factors, including shipment size, urgency, and product value. Dedicated full truckload services are preferable for high-value goods, sensitive equipment, or perishable items that require specific temperature conditions. With a dedicated vehicle, your cargo is not mixed with other shipments, reducing the risk of damage or contamination. This option also offers greater schedule flexibility, allowing you to set pickup and delivery times that suit your operations.
Shared transport works well for less time-sensitive shipments where cost is the primary concern. A cargo delivery service that offers LTL consolidates goods from various shippers, spreading the vehicle cost across multiple customers. This model is particularly beneficial for e-commerce businesses sending frequent but small orders to Malaysian customers. The regular consolidation schedules mean you can ship as orders come in without waiting to accumulate enough volume for a full container. However, you should factor in the additional handling at consolidation centres, which may add one to two days to transit times.
The cross-border process begins with collection from your Singapore warehouse or business premises. The cargo delivery service provider sends a truck to your location, and your staff load the shipment onto the vehicle. For FTL services, the truck departs directly for the border once loading is complete. For LTL, your goods are first taken to a consolidation hub where they are grouped with other shipments. The consolidated load is then transported to the checkpoint for customs clearance.
At the Tuas or Woodlands checkpoint, the driver presents the required customs documentation for both export from Singapore and import into Malaysia. Electronic pre-clearance systems have made this process significantly faster than in previous years. Once cleared, the vehicle crosses into Malaysia and proceeds to the destination, which could be a warehouse, retail outlet, or manufacturing facility. For LTL shipments, your cargo may go to a Malaysian deconsolidation centre, where it is separated from other goods and dispatched for final delivery. Throughout this journey, the logistics provider should offer tracking information so you can monitor your shipment's progress.
Proper documentation is the cornerstone of successful cross-border shipping. Your cargo delivery service provider will require a commercial invoice detailing the goods, their value, and the country of origin. This document must include accurate harmonised system (HS) codes, which Malaysian customs use to classify products and determine applicable duties. A packing list is also necessary, providing a detailed breakdown of the shipment contents by package or pallet. For certain products, additional permits or certificates may be required, particularly for food items, pharmaceuticals, or electronic goods.
Singapore exports require a customs export permit, which your logistics provider can arrange on your behalf. The Malaysian importer is responsible for import clearance, which involves paying any applicable duties and taxes. To avoid delays, ensure your customer has provided their customs registration number and any necessary import licences. A knowledgeable cargo delivery service provider will guide you through these requirements, helping you avoid common pitfalls such as incorrect HS codes or incomplete documentation. They may also offer customs brokerage services, handling the entire clearance process on your behalf.
Transport costs for cross-border shipments depend on several variables. Distance is a primary factor, with deliveries to Johor Bahru costing less than those to Kuala Lumpur or Penang. The type of vehicle and equipment also matters, with refrigerated trucks or specialised trailers commanding higher rates. For FTL services, the standard container sizes are 20-foot and 40-foot, with prices typically ranging from SGD 600 to 900 for a 20-foot container to most Malaysian destinations. LTL rates are calculated per cubic metre or per 100 kilograms, usually between SGD 80 and 150 per CBM.
To get the best value, request itemised quotes from multiple cargo delivery service providers. Compare not only the total price but also the breakdown of charges, including fuel surcharges, toll fees, and customs processing costs. Some providers offer volume discounts for regular shipments or long-term contracts. For businesses that ship frequently, negotiating a monthly fixed rate can provide budget certainty and potentially lower per-trip costs. Always clarify what is included in the quoted price and what additional charges might apply for waiting time, after-hours delivery, or special handling requirements.
Modern cargo delivery services invest in technology to provide visibility and control. GPS tracking allows you to see the real-time location of your shipment, while electronic proof of delivery confirms when the goods reach their destination. Many providers offer customer portals where you can view shipment history, download documents, and schedule future bookings. This transparency is particularly valuable for businesses managing tight inventory levels or providing delivery updates to their own customers.
When selecting a logistics partner, consider their track record for reliability and communication. Check online reviews for feedback on punctuality, damage claims, and customer service responsiveness. A provider that offers proactive notifications about delays or issues can help you manage your supply chain more effectively. Additionally, inquire about their contingency plans for vehicle breakdowns or peak season capacity constraints. A well-established cargo delivery service will have backup vehicles and established relationships with other carriers to ensure your shipments continue moving even when unexpected situations arise.
1. How do I choose between FTL and LTL for my cargo delivery service?
Consider your shipment volume, urgency, and budget. FTL is better for large, time-sensitive, or high-value shipments. LTL suits smaller volumes where cost is the main factor.
2. What documents does a cargo delivery service need for cross-border shipping?
You need a commercial invoice, packing list, and customs export permit for Singapore. Your Malaysian customer requires the commercial invoice and packing list for import clearance.
3. Can I track my shipment with a cargo delivery service?
Yes. Most professional providers offer online tracking portals with real-time updates on location, customs status, and estimated delivery time.
4. How do customs duties affect my cargo delivery costs?
Duties and taxes are separate from transport charges and depend on the HS code classification and value of your goods. Your Malaysian customer is responsible for these payments.
5. What happens if my shipment is delayed at the border?
Delays usually occur due to documentation issues. Your cargo delivery service will notify you and work to resolve the problem. You may need to provide corrected documents or additional information.
Read another Article >> Malaysia to Singapore: Trucking vs Air Freight
Plan your logistics budget effectively. Discover the factors affecting cargo delivery rates in Singapore, including express services and industrial area fees.Evermarch Logistics (Evermarch.com.sg)
The Supreme Court upheld state laws from West Virginia and Idaho that restricted participation by transgender athletes in girls' and women's sports.Melissa Quinn (CBS News)
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00:00 Intro
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02:15 macOS 26
02:50 Look and Feel
09:32 Menubar and dock
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@thelinuxexperiment yup, slap Asahi on this thing and report back! Go for it with Gnome, it'll just feel right, that DE on that hardware.
I've been using Asahi (with Gnome) a lot these last 2 years, it's really great all around.
It was a great video because it gives us the ability to take a look at what's happening outside of the Linux ecosystem. I'd also enjoy a Windows 11 version of it, even if more know about its flaws and qualities.
Looking forward to the new Asahi review too!
"LAUFEN WOLLT ICH, DOCH MAN GAB MIR FLÜGEL" (1998)
Maria Vernaldi (*1964 – †2005) war die meiste Zeit ihres Lebens im Rollstuhl. In Ost-Deutschland aufgewachsen, war sie Punk und verwirklichte sich als Malerin. Sie war Teil einer für die DDR einzigartigen Kommune, in der Leute mit und ohne Behinderung gemeinsam lebten. In den 90ern zog sie mit ihrer Schwester und deren Anhang auf einen Bauernhof in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, wo die Dokumentation „Laufen wollt ich, doch man gab mir Flügel“ über sie und ihr Leben entstand.
I've installed Void Linux base image and my backspace key is broken when I am root, it types '^H' instead of erasing. Function keys also type something weird, but at least the brighness-related ones do work.
This only applies to the root shell, it all works perfectly when I login as a normal user. Probably a bashrc issue?
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potatoguy likes this.
$TERM say for both users? I assume you use Bash for both users?
This is one of those issues where there's a billion different solutions based on a billion different reasons.
Have you compared the configuration files? You most likely have some keybinding that root don't have, and hopefully works for root as well.
stty --all output: erase in particular.
What is it when you're root?
What is it when you're not root?
What does the command stty erase ^H do?
Probably a newby's question - I saw the command stty erase ^H in one of our log-in script and wanted to know what it does. Does it work on TCSH? or is it only applicable to KSH?Server Fault
Sure, but there are many ways to do it, depending on all sorts of details/variables, like what terminal or terminal emulator you are using, what shell, etc.
Consistent BackSpace and Delete Configuration has lots of information that might help you understand the relevant details of your system and options for setting it as you wish for root.
Are you a Linux-user and tired of the misbehaviour of your backspace and delete keys? Work through this document to fix it once and for all.web.archive.org
In the demanding world of aggregate production and demolition recycling, the margin between profitability and loss is often measured in cents per ton. While much attention is lavished on the initial capital expenditure of acquiring a concrete crusher for sale, the true arbiter of financial success lies in the daily operational choices made on the plant floor. The difference between a well-tuned machine and one that is merely functioning is a chasm of wasted energy, accelerated wear, and subpar product quality that cumulatively erodes the bottom line.
This is not a narrative about purchasing newer or larger equipment; it is a granular exploration of optimizing the machine you already possess. From the judicious management of feed material to the meticulous calibration of closed-side settings, every variable exerts a tangible influence on the cost per ton metric. By adopting a philosophy of continuous improvement and operational vigilance, producers can unlock significant savings, enhance throughput, and extend the service life of their crushing assets. This article delves into the pivotal operational strategies that can transform a crusher from a cost center into a profit engine.
It is an axiom of crushing that a crusher performs best when it is choke-fed, meaning the crushing chamber is consistently full of material. This ensures continuous rock-on-rock crushing and maximizes the machine's efficiency. Conversely, a sporadic or underfed crusher experiences wide fluctuations in power draw and excessive component strain. Inconsistency is the nemesis of both efficiency and longevity, leading to erratic product gradation and premature failure of manganese liners.
Proper feed distribution is equally critical. Allowing material to segregate or funnel solely into one side of the chamber induces uneven wear and reduces the crusher's overall capacity. Furthermore, an excess of fines entering the chamber can impede throughput and create excessive dust. Pre-screening the feed to remove deleterious fines not only protects the crusher from packing but also allows it to focus its energy on reducing larger, more valuable aggregates. This pre-conditioning of the feed stream is a foundational step in cost reduction.
Understanding the relationship between feed size and crusher performance is paramount. Feeding material that is too large will stall the crusher; feeding material that is too small wastes capacity and increases the specific energy consumption per ton. Achieving a balanced feed gradation that aligns with the mobile impact crusher's design parameters ensures the machine operates within its optimal power band. This synergy between feed and machine capability is the cornerstone of efficient comminution.
While it may seem counterintuitive to add a secondary screening stage, the economic benefits are irrefutable. By removing material that is already at target size, you prevent it from taking up valuable capacity in the crushing chamber. This increases the overall plant throughput and reduces the wear burden on the crusher's wear parts. The energy saved by not re-crushing fines translates directly into lower cost per ton, demonstrating that sometimes, the path to efficiency lies in doing less.
The closed-side setting (CSS) is the most critical operational parameter of a cone or jaw crusher. This setting dictates the maximum particle size of the product. A CSS that is too tight will lead to over-crushing, excessive liner wear, and high power consumption. Conversely, a CSS that is too open will produce a coarser product, potentially failing to meet specifications and requiring recirculation, which doubles the processing cost. Regularly monitoring and adjusting the CSS to align with production goals is a non-negotiable practice for cost control.
Modern crushers are often equipped with advanced automation systems that provide real-time data on power draw, crusher load, and CSS. Rather than relying on reactive maintenance, operators should cultivate a proactive stance, using this data to predict when adjustments are necessary. An incremental tightening of the CSS as liners wear can maintain product quality and extend liner life, thereby smoothing the cost curve over the liner's lifecycle. This is the essence of smart, data-driven operation.
Preventative maintenance is not an expense; it is an investment in uptime and profitability. The cost of an unplanned shutdown due to a snapped eccentric bushing or a failed bearing far outweighs the cost of scheduled lubrication and inspections. A disciplined adherence to the manufacturer's recommended maintenance schedule is the most effective deterrent against catastrophic failures and the associated lost production.
Wear parts, such as manganese liners, are designed to consume themselves to protect the rest of the machine. However, allowing them to wear to the point of failure is a false economy. Running a crusher with a worn liner that has lost its profile leads to a drop in throughput and an increase in power consumption. Changing liners at the optimal time—when they are worn out but before they cause secondary damage—ensures consistent performance and minimizes the total cost of ownership. It is far more economical to change a liner than to rebuild a mantle.
The crusher does not operate in isolation; it is an integral node in a complex material flow network. A crusher that is forced to wait for a conveyor to clear or for a stockpile to be managed is a crusher that is generating zero revenue. Optimizing the entire plant flow, from the primary feeder to the final product stockpile, ensures that the bottleneck is always the crusher itself, not the ancillary equipment. This systems-thinking approach is vital for maximizing overall plant efficiency.
Material blockages and excessive recirculation loads are indicators of a system out of balance. Analyzing the circuit to identify pinch points and adjusting conveyor speeds or screen media can alleviate these bottlenecks. Reducing the recirculating load allows the crusher to focus its energy on new material, significantly improving the cost per ton metric. This continuous optimization of the process flow is the hallmark of a world-class operation.
A crusher is only as good as the person at the controls. Investing in comprehensive operator training that covers not just the controls but also the underlying principles of comminution pays dividends in improved performance. An empowered operator who understands the "why" behind the parameters is far more effective at making real-time decisions that prevent costly errors and optimize production. They are the final and most critical component of the efficiency equation.
Ultimately, improving cost per ton is not a one-time project but an ongoing journey. Fostering a workplace culture where operators are encouraged to share observations and suggest improvements can lead to incremental gains that compound over time. By valuing the human element as much as the mechanical one, companies can build resilient operations that consistently outperform their peers in the challenging landscape of aggregate production.
Concrete crushers can pulverize concrete into reusable aggregates. Find the perfect concrete crusher and maximize efficiency on your project.Aimix Group Construction Equipment Co., Ltd.
Gabi hat sich 13 Fragen ausgedacht und Matthias damit bei einer Tretroller-Touren überrascht.
Folgende Fragen hat Gabi gestellt:
1. Weißt du noch, wie du das erste Mal auf einem Tretroller standest und wie sich das angefühlt hat?
2. Was hat dich dazu gebracht, aus dem Tretroller mehr als nur ein Hobby zu machen?
3. Was unterscheidet einen guten Tretroller von einem aus der Einsteigerklasse?
4. Viele Denken beim Tretroller an Kinderspielzeug. Was entgegnest du diesen Menschen?
5. Welche gesundheitlichen Vorteile hat das Tretrollerfahren aus deiner Sicht - gerade auch für Menschen über 40 oder 50?
6. Welche Fehler siehst du bei Anfänger:innen am häufigsten und wie lassen sie sich vermeiden?
7. Kann man den Tretroller realistisch in den Alltag integrieren - Pendeln, Einkaufen, Freizeit - oder bleibt es eher ein Sportgerät?
8. Welchen Vorteil hat der Tretroller in Kombination mit einem Hund?
9. Welche Art von Mensch kommen zu uns in den Laden?
10. Ist Tretrollerfahren anstrengend?
11. Kann man die ganze Zeit auf dem Tretroller stehen?
12. Warum sollte jeder einmal einen Tretroller ausprobieren?
13. Wie stellst du dir die Tretroller-Zukunft in 5 Jahren vor? Was wünscht du dir für die TretrollerLiebe/Tretrollerszene?
🔗 Zur TretrollerLiebe TretrollerLiebe.de
🧑🤝🧑 Wir sind: Gabi & Matthias Wir leben mit Leidenschaft ein aktives Leben voller Bewegung, Neugier und Freude. Unser Ziel ist es, euch zu motivieren, dass es nie zu spät ist, den Körper und Geist in Schwung zu halten. Begleitet uns auf unserer Reise, inspiriert zu bleiben und jeden Tag aktiv zu gestalten. Bleibe fit, bleibe neugierig, bleibe gesund.
Funnily enough, if Huion/XP-Pen/Ugee/... would help with libwacom tablet files before the release of the devices, users wouldn't even know it existed.
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TVA likes this.
I actually installed grass on my pc yesterday. But qgis sadly doesn't find it. I'll look into it when I find the time.
And now an obligatory:
$ touch grass
I bought a used X1 carbon gen 9 and loved it, then it pooped itself after 2 years. Went to the closet and pulled out the old gen 2 I also got off ebay once again. Linux breathed new life into it and now it has more power than ever before.
It is the grass and dirt people should be worried about. The old gen X1s take no shit.
I honestly do not get why "touch grass" became a common phrase/meme around a decade after many people got mobile Internet access (through smartphones).
Before that, it would have made sense because you'd usually only be posting on the Internet when you're somewhere inside where there's a computer; but now that we can literally be posting online while lying on grass?! How did this happen?
look, even i can do it. not that hard. im on fedora tho
Hello there
I want to reduce the consumption of my server and so, to reduce access to hard drives
But I suspect mdadm to access the drives frequently and wake them up.
Because even when the drives are not mounted, they wake up frequently and I can't find the reason.
Because the are not mounted, it's not due to a process.
I've temporarily disabled smartd so it's not that.
remains the software raid, who can potentially do regular checks, if that's the case how to fix it?
?
ps: I know spin down/up isn't good
You can try and figure out what's accessing the array:
fatrace | grep /mnt/mountpoint/
This will show you the process, type of access (read, write, open, etc), and path. If you don't see anything right away just leave it running for a bit.
Hello people,
I have been experiencing some trouble with my keyboard lately since moving from Windows to Linux and have yet to find a proper solution. I'm running Fedora 44 (KDE Plasma Desktop), specifically:
Operating System: Fedora Linux 44
KDE Plasma Version: 6.7.1
KDE Frameworks Version: 6.27.0
Qt Version: 6.11.1
Kernel Version: 7.0.13-200.fc44.x86_64 (64-bit)
Graphics Platform: WaylandNow, sadly, on Linux, with the keyboard toggle set to Windows and either the "English (US, intl., with dead keys)" or "English (US, intl., AltGr. Unicode combining)" layout enabled, I can type my precious umlauts etc. perfectly fine, but the function keys always act like media keys, no matter what else I press, and I have not found any way to change that behavior. With the toggle set to Mac, the function keys work fine (as do the media keys with Fn), but I can no longer type umlauts (and what even am I without my umlauts). I enabled the "Alt is swapped with Win" keyboard option, since those are swapped on the Mac layout. From the keyboard preview, the key presses seem to be mapped correctly (left and right alt show up as "Meta L/Alt L" and "Meta R/Alt R", respectively, the Windows key shows up as "Super L").
I'm probably just missing some option or something, but I've looked everywhere I could think of (and, considering I am quite new to Linux/KDE, that isn't too many places) without luck. My web searches didn't really turn up anything useful either. So, if anyone has an idea or knows where to look and what to change, that would be highly appreciated! I hope my description of what I'm looking for is understandable.
I apologize for the somewhat long-ish post, but if you read this far, thank you 😀
Several possibilities:
Thank you for your answer!
1. I had already tried that before but forgot to mention it, in Mac mode it flips the function/media key behavior as expected; in Windows mode, it does nothing (the function keys still always act like media keys, no matter what)
2. Not quite sure what that would do, maybe I'm misunderstanding you, that seems to just type the angle brackets that are on the layout in Windows mode and nothing in Mac mode
3. I just tried that, and while it does work, it is very unintuitive to me (instead of just Alt+Q to get an ä, it's now , followed by Shift+' to get a double quote, and then a/o/u to get the umlaut. That would be suboptimal for me at best, but I'll keep it in mind as a backup solution
I'll keep looking for and trying some more options 😀
Not quite sure what that would do, maybe I’m misunderstanding you, that seems to just type the angle brackets that are on the layout in Windows mode and nothing in Mac mode
Maybe that's a keyboard layout thing that only works with the UK layout then. If I hit AltGr+[ -- maybe I'm misremembering, it could be ] -- then e.g. a, (using a UK layout) I get ä.
As a backup, when Fedora updates to Plasma 6.7 (probably with Fedora 45) you'll have the option of long-pressing keys to get a small alternative letter-popup, which of course still adds a keypress so probably also suboptimal.
Are you able to change the configuration with VIA?
nuphy.com/pages/via-usage-guid…
When I got my nuphy air 60 everything on the windows toggle was on like the third layer, since I think Mac stuff was the second layer so I just moved everything down one. Libre wolf didn't work for via so I had to install chromium to edit it
VIA Usage Guide for NuPhy Keyboards Note: We are in the process of getting our code submission to enable auto-detection by the VIA Configurator mer...nuphy.com
there are multiple ways to change how your keyboard behaves in linux and others in this post have already shared w you what the most common methods are.
i want to share w you the lessons i've learned from almost 15 years of trying to make mac keyboards act like mac keyboards on linux on my mac computers:
1) there's no single unifying keyboard schema that will work with mac keyboards across all apps in linux, you will have to implement tweaks for every single thing you use beyond your x-server utilities/apps and you're out of luck if you're a firefox user).
2) even if you're successful in getting your mac keyboard to work exactly as a mac keyboard, an update somewhere will break something and it's almost always a kernel or x-windows update.
3) distros maintainers who build w mac in mind will be ones to help the most. it was yellow dog linux when i did it, so i would try with Asahi guys before trying anything else.
and i hope that you have better luck than i did.
Continuous pyrolysis has gained increasing attention as an industrial solution for converting waste materials and biomass into valuable products such as pyrolysis oil, biochar, syngas, and recovered carbon materials. Compared with batch systems, continuous facilities offer higher throughput, greater automation, and improved production consistency. However, these advantages are accompanied by higher capital requirements and greater operational complexity.
A successful investment depends on evaluating risks across technical, financial, regulatory, and commercial dimensions rather than focusing solely on equipment specifications. Thorough due diligence helps investors identify potential challenges before significant capital is committed.
Continuous pyrolysis plant requires a stable and uninterrupted supply of feedstock to achieve economic efficiency. Production interruptions caused by insufficient raw material can significantly reduce equipment utilization and increase operating costs.
Investors should evaluate:
Securing multiple supply sources can improve operational resilience.
Variations in moisture content, particle size, contamination, or chemical composition directly affect process stability and product quality.
A comprehensive feedstock assessment should include laboratory testing and long-term sampling to determine whether material characteristics remain consistent throughout the year.
Different to small pyrolysis machine Continuous pyrolysis systems involve sophisticated thermal management, automated feeding, gas handling, and product recovery technologies. Investors should prioritize equipment that has demonstrated reliable performance under commercial operating conditions rather than relying solely on pilot-scale results.
Key evaluation factors include:
Technology with verified operational performance generally presents lower investment risk.
Stable reactor temperature, feed rate, and gas flow are essential for continuous production.
Equipment featuring advanced automation and intelligent process control typically delivers more consistent production while reducing operational uncertainty.
Continuous facilities generally require substantially greater capital investment than batch systems due to higher automation levels and more sophisticated auxiliary equipment.
Major investment categories include:
Developing a realistic capital budget helps prevent financing shortfalls during project execution.
Unexpected expenses commonly arise during construction.
Allocating contingency funds for unforeseen engineering modifications, regulatory requirements, or material price fluctuations improves financial flexibility.
Although many continuous pyrolysis systems recover process gas for internal heating, external fuel and electricity remain significant operating expenses.
Energy cost analysis should consider:
Improving thermal efficiency directly enhances project profitability.
Continuous operation places sustained mechanical stress on reactors, conveyors, bearings, and sealing systems.
Preventive maintenance planning and spare parts inventory should be incorporated into long-term financial models rather than treated as occasional expenses.
Project economics depend heavily on the ability to sell output products at sustainable prices.
Potential revenue sources may include:
Diversifying revenue streams reduces dependence on any single product market.
Market prices for recovered products may fluctuate due to changes in crude oil prices, agricultural demand, environmental policy, or regional supply conditions.
Sensitivity analysis helps investors understand how price changes may affect project profitability.
Continuous pyrolysis facilities often require multiple regulatory approvals before construction and operation.
These may include:
Project schedules should incorporate sufficient time for regulatory review.
Environmental regulations continue to evolve, particularly regarding emissions and waste management.
Investors should anticipate future expenditures related to equipment upgrades, monitoring systems, and reporting requirements.
Construction delays may result from:
Comprehensive project management reduces schedule uncertainty and minimizes cost overruns.
Commissioning should verify that the facility achieves its designed processing capacity, product quality, energy efficiency, and environmental performance before commercial operation begins.
Independent performance testing provides valuable assurance for investors.
Continuous pyrolysis facilities require experienced operators capable of maintaining stable process conditions and responding to abnormal situations.
Training programs should emphasize:
Skilled personnel contribute significantly to long-term operational reliability.
Modern facilities increasingly utilize automated monitoring platforms to collect production data, identify equipment degradation, and optimize operating parameters.
Data-driven management improves decision-making while reducing unexpected operational disruptions.
Continuous pyrolysis projects offer considerable opportunities for resource recovery, circular economy development, and sustainable industrial growth. However, their long-term success depends on balancing technological capability with commercial viability, regulatory compliance, and operational excellence.
Investors who conduct comprehensive risk assessments across feedstock supply, technology maturity, financial planning, market demand, environmental compliance, and operational management are better positioned to achieve stable returns while minimizing uncertainty. A disciplined evaluation process transforms investment decisions from speculative ventures into strategically managed industrial opportunities.
Beston small pyrolysis machine offers flexible, eco-friendly waste management solutions. Join us for a greener, more sustainable future.bestonmachinery (Beston Group)
Plastic pyrolysis systems operate through thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon-based polymers in an oxygen-deficient environment. While this process enables valuable resource recovery, it inherently involves elevated operational risks due to high temperatures, combustible gases, pressurized systems, and complex chemical intermediates.
Unlike conventional mechanical recycling, plastic pyrolysis introduces a multi-phase hazard environment where thermal, chemical, and mechanical risks interact. Effective safety design is therefore not an auxiliary consideration but a core engineering requirement that defines operational viability.
The safety profile of a plastic pyrolysis machine is strongly influenced by feedstock composition. Waste plastic streams may contain:
Certain contaminants can generate corrosive gases or unstable reaction byproducts during thermal processing, increasing operational risk.
Proper pre-processing significantly reduces hazard potential. Standard safety-oriented measures include:
Failure to control feedstock quality can lead to unstable reactor conditions and unpredictable emissions.
Plastic pyrolysis reactor operates at elevated temperatures typically ranging from 350°C to 600°C. Within this range, minor deviations in heat input or feedstock composition can trigger thermal instability.
Potential consequences include:
Modern safety engineering relies on redundant thermal management strategies such as:
These mechanisms ensure that deviations are detected and corrected before reaching critical thresholds.
Plastic pyrolysis generates significant volumes of non-condensable gases, including light hydrocarbons and hydrogen-rich mixtures. If not properly managed, these gases can accumulate within the system.
Risk scenarios include:
Effective mitigation requires integrated pressure control infrastructure:
These components ensure that abnormal pressure conditions are safely discharged or neutralized.
Pyrolysis oil and intermediate vapors are highly flammable under specific temperature and concentration conditions. This creates a dual-phase explosion risk involving both gas-phase and liquid-phase hydrocarbons.
Key preventive measures include:
These systems collectively reduce ignition probability and propagation potential.
Condensation systems recover liquid hydrocarbons from pyrolysis vapors. However, these liquids may contain unstable fractions with low flash points.
Safety risks include:
Proper engineering design requires:
These features ensure safe handling of recovered oil products.
Solid residues from plastic pyrolysis often include fine carbonaceous particles that may present:
Effective mitigation includes:
Proper design minimizes both occupational and process safety risks.
Continuous operation of shredders, conveyors, and feeding systems introduces mechanical risks such as:
These failures can indirectly trigger process instability if feedstock flow is disrupted.
Modern facilities reduce mechanical risk through:
Early detection of wear conditions prevents cascading failures.
Given the combustible nature of inputs and outputs, fire protection must be multi-layered:
A critical safety requirement is the ability to rapidly isolate and shut down the entire process chain. Emergency systems typically include:
These systems prevent escalation during abnormal conditions.
Plastic pyrolysis plants rely heavily on automated control systems. Failure in these systems can lead to uncontrolled thermal or pressure conditions.
To enhance reliability, safety-critical systems are often designed with:
This layered architecture ensures operational continuity and safe shutdown capability.
Human error remains a significant contributor to industrial accidents. Comprehensive training programs must cover:
Sustainable risk mitigation depends on embedding safety awareness into daily operations rather than treating it as a compliance obligation.
Plastic pyrolysis inherently involves complex thermal and chemical processes that require rigorous safety engineering. Effective hazard mitigation depends on integrated system design across feedstock management, reactor control, gas handling, liquid storage, and solid residue processing.
When properly engineered, these systems can significantly reduce operational risks while maintaining efficient resource recovery. Safety in plastic pyrolysis is not achieved through isolated safeguards but through a cohesive architecture of redundancy, monitoring, and disciplined operational control.
Beston pyrolysis reactor for sale has adopted the latest design and technology, to achieve the fully recycling of waste.Beston Group
Some DEs are focused on resource efficiency, but don't look fancy. Others are fancy, but require a fairly modern setup. I have KDE (Fedora) installed on my laptop, I love its look and options. But it is not always snappy, some little freezes occur as well, even in basic situations (opening Firefox and v2rayN simultaneously was one of the cases). The most problematic thing is almost every app taking around 2-3 secs to open its window.
Many people would just tell me to install Xfce, but I still want a fancy desktop, I believe it is something I can afford on my setup. First I thought of GNOME, but it is controversial: some sources report GNOME as well optimized even for low-end machines, other claim it is much heavier than KDE.
What it your experience with desktop environments and their performance? Perhaps you have compared various DEs within the same distro and setup? How performant GNOME actually is compared to KDE? What are the balanced options to explore?
Depends on what you mean by a DE's "look", if you just mean the theme and layout then you can theme something like xfce or lxqt to look similarly modern.
I've not tried it, but you could try cosmic? Or switch to a tiling WM or a scroller like Niri which would be even lighter (with the caveat that it's lighter because it does less stuff for you by default).
I love eyecandy as well! It's what got me interested in Linux back when Beryl was a thing. 😀 However. When it comes to tiling window mangers, I personally find it distracting, but I completely understand the appeal of it for others. A lot of the desktop screenshots looks really cool, but I don't see how people can be productive with all the bling. 😁
I've been a happy keyboard driven user for a long time now, and I can't ever imagine going back to using the mouse for all the things. I still use it for my secondary web browser though, but that's becasue a lot of websites sucks. 🙁 I'm pretty sure that escaping most usage with any pointing device have saved my writsts from a lot of pain!
A mouse is still much better than a touchpad. It was the real pain when I had no working mice at home.
I believe people are productive because they feel comfy with that, but some prefer strict minimalism. I'm somewhere in between I guess.
The mainstream OSs are trying to make the user type as little as possible. Just drag, click, and voila. But when it comes to Linux, if you take the advantage of precise control of your system within the terminal, you have to switch between the keyboard and the mouse all the time if you use a traditional desktop environment, so the advantage of drag-and-click simplicity vanishes.
The touchpad was invented in a time where graphical operating systems was barley even a thing. I don't think they're meant to be used more than perhaps you sitting on the train on your way to work or something. 😀
I'm sure it's about minimalism for some. For me, it's about doing as much as possible with as little as possible. When you have less, you usually also gets creative with what you have. When you live in excess, you tend to get lazy and unproductive. 😀 While my system might look and feel minimal, I consider it to be way more productive, ergonomic and functional than most other systems. However. I can understand that most doesn't have the time or interest in learning all the thing required, and that they're fine with less.
You have a good point about the last thing you wrote there! I guess it's all a balance of what you're willing to give up, your time learning all this stuff, or your health. 😁
I use niri, I don't know if it's ressource demanding or not but the readme seems to say it works fine on old computers:
Performance: while I run niri on beefy machines, I try to stay conscious of performance. I've seen someone use it fine on an Eee PC 900 from 2008, of all things.
Regarding eye candy it's also very sober by default, it can do animations, blur and transparency but you have to ask for it in conf.
It looks like a window manager for the younger generation.
I use it because It's a nice middle ground between traditionnal wms and tiling ones. No messy stacking windows, no need to think too much about the layout, plus you get a larger screen than everyone at no cost 😀
with the caveat that it’s lighter because it does less stuff for you by default
There are very nice looking things like noctalia or dankmaterialshell that can take care of everything for you (dms in particular), including bar/dock/niri conf/wifi etc. It's much easier to have something functional and nice looking than before (including with other wms like sway).
I use niri, I don't know if it's ressource demanding or not but the readme seems to say it works fine on old computers:
Performance: while I run niri on beefy machines, I try to stay conscious of performance. I've seen someone use it fine on an Eee PC 900 from 2008, of all things.
That sounds promising!
Regarding eye candy it's also very sober by default, it can do animations, blur and transparency but you have to ask for it in conf.
That's good! While I love eyecandy, I don't understand why you want it with a tiling window managers, but that's just me being old I guess.
I use it because It's a nice middle ground between traditionnal wms and tiling ones. No messy stacking windows, no need to think too much about the layout, plus you get a larger screen than everyone at no cost 😀
I can't imagine ever using it, but it's great that it works for you (and a lot of other people). 😁
I haven't really looked into any of the modern alternatives, but it feels like they're a lot easier to get started with if you're new to tiling window managers, which can be overwhelming as it is.
There are very nice looking things like noctalia or dankmaterialshell that can take care of everything for you (dms in particular), including bar/dock/niri conf/wifi etc. It's much easier to have something functional and nice looking than before (including with other wms like sway).
You lost me here. What is noctalia, dankmaterialshell and dms? 😁
And docks? Like those bouncy panel thingies in Mac OS?
You lost me here. What is noctalia, dankmaterialshell and dms? 😁
Nice "desktop shell" projects that you can install in addition to your wm of choice to get all the stuff that you expect from a DE without having to set it up manually. Otherwise since a wm comes with nothing but window management you've got to go the traditional route of picking up a bar, an app launcher, a screen locker, a widget to connect to wifi and plenty of other things to have a decent experience out of your wm. With noctalia or dankmaterialshell (dms is just the short way to write it) you don't spend a week setting everything up to then be sad it's not as pretty as what people do on unixporn.
Are you using Wayland or X11 as your Window Manager (WM)? I refuse to switch to Wayland because of how sluggish it feels on my Debian desktop.
Typically you can switch between the 2 on the login screen, usually in the bottom left or right.
Now I don’t know for Fedora in particular but if you can install the XOrg/X11 packages and switch your SDDM theme so that it includes the X11/Wayland toggles perhaps you can get it working?
Unfortunately I can’t be much else help.
X11 was completely removed in Fedora 43 I believe
I got about 20-25% better battery life when switching to Wayland with a fairly similar setup (Sway instead of i3).
If you experience performance issues, it's most likely a bug.
Right now wayland implementation differs a lot in each compositor.
KDE is probably the one who is doing the better and most up to date implementation of wayland right now.
[...] almost every app taking around 2-3 secs to open its window.
This also happens if you have your system on a hdd instead of a sdd.
Not sure if that's normal. LibreOffice or a webbrowser for example take a while. A calculator or something small should open instantly.
I think Browsers on Windows sometimes do dirty tricks and already load on boot (in the background). So once you click to "open" the browser, it's already in memory and pops up instantly. That might be the reason why it's instand on Windows, and takes time on Linux.
Both my browsers on Linux also take 2-3s to open. Though I regularly don't notice. I'll just leave the browser open all day, because I need it all the time. I closed and re-opened it right niw, and it definitely also takes a very few seconds on my machine with a GNOME desktop.
I have mid computers from 2010 running that take far less than 2 seconds to open a browser, I think there's either some missing driver for your hardware or something wrong with your hardware in the first place. Please post your exact specs so that we can try giving you better advice.
Also worth noting that for modern-ish computers the desktop environment is the least offender when it comes to resource consumption. Any modern browser will use roughly at least 2x memory compared to the desktop environment.
The CPU is alright and the RAM should be sufficient for most tasks.
There are a couple of things that could impact performance here, first the SSD could be on its way out, or slow to begin with, so maybe post some info on that.
You can use gnome disks to get more information on your ssd, here's a screenshot on my system, with some information obscured. The model name should be enough.
You can benchmark the SSD using either gnome disks again, as shown here:
Or alternatively you can use KDiskMark. Give us some numbers, maybe it's gonna be as simple as replacing your SSD.
Another thing that could make your system feel sluggish, since you lament little freezes happening, is Plasma itself. I know what I said about desktop environment havyness, and I still stand by it: it's not that Plasma is "heavier" or anything like that, it's just that some of its code is not very well optimized and with slower drives it can show. Brodie Robertson made a video about this a couple of years ago, see if what he describes matches your problem, but consider that this is old information at this point and while some of these issues might still exist, they might have already been fixed.
Since the day I switched to KDE Plasma I had had a really annoying stutter bug but we have finally tracked it down and the reason it's happening is really du...Brodie Robertson (YouTube)
I tried it just yesterday.
Wayland support does exist in cinnamon. You can enter a wayland session and it will work. But it doesn't bring to the table all the expected wayland improvements, like for instant perfect fractional scaling.
Imagine you want to scale your desktop at 125%.
On X11 it was really hard to so so, and not very good. It basically worked by doing some strange tricks with the resolution, tanking performance and making it having numerous visual bugs, screen tearing or blurry fonts. And you often had to close and open the session for it to apply.
With wayland is possible to have fractional scaling without those issues. With crisps fonts, performant, and everything just working as expected. Also it could change easily within the session.
But wayland allowing for it doesn't mean that all compositors have implemented it. Most still have issues. I think KDE was one of the fews that just recently anounced that they solved that problem and that you can scale the desktop without any worries.
If you want low resource but pretty OOtB, Wayland's compositor Hyprland is pretty flash. It's not a DE, but it comes wiþ effects and styling built-in.
I don't use it; I don't use Wayland. WMs are basically ways for me to swap between full or minimally split-screen applications, and þere's not a lot of room þere for flashy. But Hyprland has a reputation for being pretty.
Getting rid of þe DE part is where you'll save þe most on resources.
You probably want MATE, XFCE, LXQT, or god forbid Trinity.
Out of those, i personally find XFCE to be the most tolerable, and you can get some pretty decent looking themes setup for it. My system uses around 600mb on a cold boot, in theory I could get it down to 400mb but that comes with a good amount of drawbacks. CPU usage among all of those options is negligible.
What distro do you use?
I found KDE to work better in some distros than others.
For instance Fedora KDE is not the best, I had it being sluggish last lime I tried it. Now I'm on Opensuse KDE and it's flawless.
Also I have found KDE surprisingly working better than XFCE, but I think most of that has been because wayland support.
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An interview with three Cuban economists — Juan Triana, Omar Everleny, and Julio Carranza — on the approved package of 176 economic measures in Cuba and the key priorities for overcoming the crisis.Links
Before you laugh at floppy disks, check whether your DVDs are still readable.Oluwademilade Afolabi (MakeUseOf)
Yes, the older ones of the rotating backups are still readable.
But that's not even the actual problem nowadays: CDs and DVDs were nice when their size was still relevant in comparison to usual amounts of data. The real problem behind their decay is that we are lacking a widely available, properly scaled backup solution for more than a decade. So the mean reason people have now unreadable optical data is that they stopped thinking about it a long time ago for an utter lack of options.
So the mean reason people have now unreadable optical data is that they stopped thinking about it a long time ago for an utter lack of options.
Well, there are 100GB and 120GB Bluray M-Discs. But yeah, the only things larger are either spinning rust (i.e. HDDs that need to be refreshed regularly to prevent bit rot) or very expensive LTO hardware and tapes.
I need a real-time filesystem watcher that detects when any file in ~/.hermes/config/ changes, then immediately git add -A && git commit -m "auto: ..." && git push.
Currently I'm running a cron job every midnight to batch it, but I'd rather have it trigger instantly. On Arch (btw) what's the cleanest approach?
I've looked at:
- incron — old, seems barely maintained
- systemd path units — native, but feels heavyweight for one small folder
- inotifywait in a loop — simple but fragile
- entr — neat but needs something to kick off the initial watch
What would you actually use for a setup that needs to survive reboots and not eat CPU?
Inotify is the official kernel supported tool that uses the inotify API, again that is the official kernel API for monitoring files and folders.
Its not that immediate to use, specially because there are caveats but works reliably well and indeed get the job done. Why do you say fragile? There isn't a more comprehensive approach.
Only issue, doesn't work on NFS and Samba shares.
inotifywait -m -r -e create,delete,modify,move /home/.hermes/config
Greybeard dev here, just stepping by to say I would do the same, this works and does nothing weird if there is nothing to commit.
I don't know what the problem of the other crying person is, but robust IO watching should not be done in bash and whatever the fancy solution is it will not work as reliably as this.
LastPass users are once again being warned about stolen personal data, though this time the breach happened through one of the company’s outside partners.Marcus Mendes (9to5Mac)
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in reply to LadyButterfly she/her • • •