Please tell your friends about federated social media site that speaks several fediverse protocols thus serving as a hub uniting them, hubzilla.eskimo.com, also check out friendica.eskimo.com, federated
macroblogging social media site, mastodon.eskimo.com a federated microblogging site, and yacy.eskimo.com an uncensored federated search engine. All Free!
cURL’s file:// protocol handler is enabled by default, allowing access to local files on the system. This behavior enables an attacker with the ability to run cURL commands to read arbitrary files...
Really? But finally it's the same shit as last week...🤷♂️ But even then I couldn't motivate Linus to fix the "root is able to mess up something" bug...🤪
We should fix "su" and "sudo" by adding 10 random questions about sensible terminal commands and their syntax - before asking for the password...🙈
this is so dumb… it still has the same access rights as the user executing it. Next we get a security flaw in cat because it can access local files too or what? Omg…
Politique des transports - Le changement d'actionnaire majoritaire est désormais effectif chez Transdev. L'opérateur de transport public a en effet annoncé le
Minerals for peace? How to make the Rwanda-DRC deal stick.
By Lewis Mudge 🟦 HRW JUL-07
"A #US.-brokered peace deal, signed on June 27 between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, will link economic integration and respect for territorial integrity with the promise of Western investment. It is a mineral deal first, an opportunity for peace second. (...)"
A U.S.-brokered peace deal, signed on June 27 between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, will link economic integration and respect for territorial integrity with the promise of Western investment.
Rome Statute countries must explain why Netanyahu flights allowed in airspace
“Italian, French and Greek citizens deserve to know that every political action violating the international legal order, weakens and endangers all of them.”
Francesca Albanese
The countries, which are all parties to the Rome Statute, are obligated to arrest the Israeli prime minister.
"Palestinian man who worked for the EU in #Gaza has appealed to the European Commission president, Ursula von der Leyen, after the closure of his office left him in Cairo without a job or residency rights.
He was “not consulted or warned” that he would be let go after nearly two decades of working for the EU."
Remember this when they want your money and kids to defend European values! Be the diplomat, who has intervened on his behalf!
Germany's government giving a f... about its own promises:
Bundesregierung: Aufnahmeprogramm der Vorgängerregierung beenden.
Gericht: Die Bundesregierung muss einer afghanischen Staatsangehörigen und ihrer Familie Visa zur Einreise nach Deutschland erteilen, nachdem entsprechende Zusagen gemacht wurden. #Afghanistan deutschlandfunk.de/gericht-bun…
Well, that page says "Briar’s core protocol, threat model, development process, and user experience design began development in 2011 by Michael Rogers and Eleanor Saitta" 😀
Hallo @Friendica Support ich habe da eine Verständnisfrage: Wenn ein Benutzerkonto gelöscht wird, dann dauert es ja 7 Tage, bis dieses endgültig gelöscht wird. So weit, so gut. Wieso werden mir aber dann unter "/moderation/users/deleted" die gelöschten Benutzerkonten immer noch angezeigt, obwohl die 7 Tage vorbei sind? Hat dies einen bestimmten Grund?
Weil das Löschen aus der Datenbank sehr wahrscheinlich noch nicht abgeschlossen ist. Wenn viel Content gelöscht werden muss, dauert das je nach Anzahl von Accounts gerne mal mehrere Wochen. Erst wenn alles gelöscht ist, wird ganz zum Schluss der Nutzer selbst gelöscht.
Es kann aber auch sein, dass es ein Problem beim Löschen gibt. Stichwort: foreign key constraints - dann siehst du aber entsprechende "DB error" Meldungen im Log.
@Steffen K9 🐰 @Steffen K9 🍮 Danke dir. Da erscheinen (zum Glück) keine Einträge im friendica.log.
Dann warte ich mal noch ab. Seltsam nur, dass ich das bisher noch nie hatte, dass das so lange gedauert hat. Okay, es sind insgesamt ja auch 30 User. Vielleicht deswegen?
Wahrscheinlich ja. Kommt natürlich auch darauf an, wie viele Daten die Nutzerkonten in der DB gespeichert haben.
Habe zuletzt ca. 1200 Accounts in einem Rutsch gelöscht. Das hat 2 Monate gedauert. 😀 Während der Zeit sieht man auch ständigt DELETE FROM ... Queries, die teilweise sehr lange laufen.
Musst du was manuell in 'post-engagement' löschen. Ist nicht ganz trivial rauszufinden, was genau.
Grundsätzlich betrifft es die id 5468731 in der Tabelle contact. Dieser Datensatz kann nicht gelöscht werden, weil er noch eine Referenz in post-engagement hat.
Ohne jetzt nachgesehen zu haben, hat wahrscheinlich der 'contact' mit id 5468731 auch eine owner-id. Die musst du per SELECT ... FROM contact WHERE ... rausfinden. Diese owner-id müsste sich auch in der Tabelle 'post-engagement' wiederfinden lassen.
Dann musst du erst in post-engagement die Datensätze löschen, die diese owner-id haben. Dann löst sich der Rest von selbst.
Das Ganze ohne Garantie. Bitte doppelt prüfen, ob du auch den richtigen Zusammenhang zwischen beiden Tabellen erwischst, sonst löscht du was falsches. 😀
@Steffen K9 🐰 @Steffen K9 🍮 Sagen wir es so: Da ich in Sachen DB nur rudimentäre Ahnung habe, würde ich es lieber lassen. Solange es keine Fehler bzw. Probleme an sich erzeugt.
@m0xEE @romin I don't even post about most shows I watch on here, let alone write reviews, but usually I'm at around 15 to 20 shows a season. 25 is a bit much, even for me.
15-20 is still formidable! In my most active years I could pick like… seven, and drop 4 more after 3 episodes 😅 I was referring to reviewers at Anime News Network because they cover every episode of 25 shows each season. Not sure they still do it, but they used to — and those were reviews from the point of view of 3-4 editors, so I assume they do watch every show. Maybe they indeed do it at x15 speed like @romin@shitposter.world said — hardly enjoyable this way, but their reviews win them bread so at least that would be understandable.
Israel's Israel Katz says he has instructed its military to prepare a plan to move all Palestinians in Gaza into a camp in the south of the territory, Israeli media reports say.
Décidemment dans tous les domaines les stupidités et les délires criminels sortent à flot si tendu qu'il devient impossible de tout collationner. Ça finit par donner le tourni, ce qui est sans doute voulu. Les priorités deviennent difficiles à gérer, l'UE qui achève de se transformer en tyrannie, les guerres immondes un peu partout, les délires civilisationnels, les tentatives d'annihilation du réel... Impossible d'élaborer une réflexion, tout semblant changer le lendemain.
@jill No, it isn't. But that doesn't make something part of the #Fediverse, does it? Try following someone with a Peertube-account for example. I dind't find a way, yet it's still a part of the #Fediverse..
Because it does. And I am already following people on PeerTube, works just fine!
I've to say, reducing the Fediverse, its development, its history and many supporting different software and diverse communities to a protocol, is, to be frank, just ignorant for an editor of an on tech focused online magazine. You should know better in 2025.
@jill And if it's not "just" about the protocol: Who gets to decide about the definition? The people on #Mastodon? The ones on #Misskey? Or Lemmy? And why not the ones on #Threads, which could be soon the biggest part of it (the protocol, I mean)?
We are getting off track. I'd say, don't call it "Fediverse" in your original post, but e.g. "software using activity pub", if that is what you are referring to and if you don't want to be misunderstood.
Regarding the Fediverse and what it stand for as its self-conception built over the years by so many individuals and communities which widely agree upon, my above mentioned remarks still apply.
In a perfect world, all media organIationa would have their own instances (tied to their domains) for each network type (threadiverse, micro logging, video, short form video) and these instances would be used for both content distribution (official NYT mastadon feed) and for validation of journalists.
The non-profit foundations that manage these networks could provide managed services to raise more money for development (beyond donations).
This is the part of the internet that we have forgotten. Everyone is supposed to be their own little island but they all connect. If I want news I shouldn’t have to go to Facebook, I should have to go to the news org.
This is why the Fediverse has been thriving by imitating monolithic platforms like Reddit or Twitter but doing so in a way that domains (aka “sites” are still all their own.
I shouldn’t have to go to Reddit to get to CNN, I should have to go to CNN to get CNN. CNN should not join Lemmy, CNN should host a Lemmy instance and have communities for topics and programs, and its users should only be people who work there. And that should all be federated out for the rest of us to interact with.
(CNN was the quickest news org name to type and I wasn’t about to use Fox as an example)
It's funny how Americans technology oligarchs love propaganda copytext that includes terms like innovation, change and disruption, yet they are all vapid and lacking any imagination.
This is why RSS is/was so important. RSS readers curate what a user wants to catch up on or follow, right from the sources. Having your own reader (not Feedly, its too big really) means you choose who to directly follow. You click through to them. Back in the day Technorati provided what was trending and big headlines r busy hashtags. So a kind of watchtower. All links went directly to the original content.
@Volker Weber Wenn du nicht selbst eigene Photos bei Pixelfed veröffentlichen willst, ist ein eigener Account nicht nötig. Deinem Lieblingsfotografen kannst du von Mastodon aus folgen und auch kommentieren.
Genau so mit den anderen Projekten, mehr wurde nie versprochen.
Muss man überhaupt nicht, das ist tatsächlich der große Vorteil. Trotzdem gibt es Argumente dafür, zum Beispiel, weil verschiedene Dienste unterschiedliches ermöglichen: Zum Beispiel die hüpfenden Emojis von @heiseBotti
komisch. Wieso fragst du dann nach Accounts von Medien auf anderen Services? Das müsste dann doch der gleiche sein. Kann ich mit @vowe einfach Peertube-Videos posten oder muss ich dazu einen neuen Account einrichten?
Nein, das sind unterschiedliche Dinge. Du kannst von deinem Mastodon-Account kein Peertube-Video veröffentlichen, dazu brauchst du den Account. Aber du kannst damit interagieren (linken, in der Timeline gucken, per P2P teilen etc.) und das ist der Vorteil. Wer vorwiegend Bilder postet, sollte dafür keinen Mastodon-Account nutzen, bei Kurznachrichten dagegen schon. Das Tolle ist, dass alle trotzdem verknüpft sind. Die Softwares sind aber untereinander nicht austauschbar.
wir reden aneinander vorbei. Der Geburtsfehler ist, dass Identity nicht funktioniert. Anstatt eine eindeutige ID zu haben, hast du auf jeder Instanz eine andere. Und deshalb suchst du dir einen Wolf nach Medien im Fediverse. In atproto ist meine ID did:plc:k5ybhnnyl4zwq7ey3q3fogzt und sie kann beliebige Namen haben. Egal welcher Service, diese ID bleibt gleich.
@Volker Weber Die Grundidee damals war meines Wissens auch eine andere. Nämlich eine eigene Instanz für eine Community. Community meinte in dem Fall eher die eigene Familie, der lokale Sportverein usw. Diese Communities können sich dann untereinander verbinden.
Bluesky uses the AT protocol, not the ActivityPub protocol and I don't think Bluesky is connected in any way to the Fediverse. Threads, however, is connected to the Fediverse.
You don’t need to spend thousands to get online. A **cheap website** that’s mobile-friendly, fast, and clear can do the job just fine. Focus on the basics now and upgrade as your business grows.
Starting a small business or startup means facing a barrage of costs—rent, supplies, marketing, and more. A website is a must, but it doesn’t have to break the bank. With the right strategy, you can get online quickly and affordably.
Affordable web design is a smart choice for new entrepreneurs. You don’t need a custom, high-end site to establish your presence. A cheap website, built with focus, can connect you with customers and keep your budget in check.
Essentials for a Budget-Friendly Site
A low-cost website needs to hit a few key points. It should work seamlessly on mobile, load fast, and clearly communicate what your business offers and how people can reach you.
For many startups, a simple site is enough. A freelancer might need a single page with a portfolio and contact form. A small shop could use a product page and checkout system. Keep it lean and focused on what your audience needs.
Templates: A Cost-Effective Solution
Custom web design is pricey and often unnecessary for new businesses. Platforms like WordPress, Shopify, or Wix offer templates that are modern, responsive, and easy to customize. They’re a key part of affordable web design.
With your logo, images, and text, a template can feel unique without the custom cost. Plus, you can launch in days, not weeks, which is crucial when you’re starting out.
Focus on What You Need
When your budget is tight, prioritize what your site needs most. A booking tool? A product catalog? Or just a homepage with contact info? Many startups overspend on features they don’t need yet, thinking it’ll drive growth.
Build a minimal site with only the essentials. It’s cheaper to maintain and easier to manage. You can add more features later when your business grows.
Hiring the Right Designer
Some designers offer affordable web design that’s high quality, while others might deliver rushed work. Check their portfolio—look at their standard projects, not just the best ones. Ask what’s included and if they’ve built sites for businesses like yours.
Be upfront about your budget. A reliable designer will work within your limits and be transparent about costs. If a deal seems too cheap, ask questions to avoid surprises.
Keep Hosting and Domains Straightforward
You don’t need premium hosting for a small site. Basic plans from trusted providers cost under $10 a month and handle most startup needs. For domains, pick something simple—your brand name with a .com or .co—and avoid pricey alternatives.
Using one platform for hosting and your domain simplifies management, especially if you’re not tech-savvy.
Spend Smart on Content
A beautiful design won’t help if your message is unclear. A cheap website needs clear, engaging text to explain what you do, who you serve, and how to connect with you. Spend time—or a small budget—on writing that resonates.
If writing isn’t your strength, a freelance copywriter can make a big difference. It’s a better investment than extra design tweaks.
Final Note
You don’t need to spend thousands to get online. A cheap website that’s mobile-friendly, fast, and clear can do the job just fine. Focus on the basics now and upgrade as your business grows.
Affordable web design lets you launch a site that works without financial stress. Get online today and start building your brand. ```
It's occurred to me that the only real application, in theory, for blockchain-enforced "smart contracts" would be something like international security guarantees.
For instance, if you want a Palestinian state to agree to be demilitarised, sure, if there's a system such that an attack by Israel would ⋅immediately and automatically⋅ trigger a comprehensive sanction regime, stop all international bank transfers in and out of Israel, invalidate all trade licences, etc.
Apart from political feasibility, it's not practical, of course. What ⋅exactly⋅ would be the triggers? Who gets to decide whether and when to roll back? Besides, whatever anyone tries to tell you, blockchain's are NOT safe from manipulation, even in principle, especially when we are talking about state actors.
Just in terms of if there WERE a use case, that's what it would be.
This was not a proposal. We can flush all "blockchain technology” down the toilet today and lose nothing, as far as I'm concerned.
I was trying to work with the premise of people who try to make the case for "smart contracts" (that are predicated on a system where, yes, certain actions are algorithmically ⋅enforced⋅) to see what might conceivably be a valid use case at least in theory.
In other words: the fundamental premise of "smart contracts" is that there are situations where you need an agreement between parties who you cannot ask to trust each other, so they can instead trust the algorithm. And I was just noting that asking a Palestinian state to be demilitarised fits that description. But since, as you correctly note and I also pointed out, it wouldn't work even then, that just shows that actually there is no use case.
Depuis la fin du XXe siècle, le terrorisme d’extrême droite s’organise et fait de plus en plus de victimes dans le monde. Comment cette #violence #raciste se nourrit-elle et comment la contrer ? Une série #documentaire qui s'appuie sur de riches témoignages (de victimes, de repentis, d’enquêteurs...) recueillis sur quatre continents.
Court ruling: Stickers with political warnings must be removed from books The Münster Higher Administrative Court has ruled that a sticker with political warnings must be removed from a book in the Münster City Library. Library users are "responsible citizens" who should not be manipulated.
The Higher Administrative Court in Münster ruled on Tuesday that stickers reading "This is a work with controversial content. This copy is provided due to freedom of censorship, freedom of opinion, and freedom of information" must be removed from two books in the Münster City Library. One of the affected authors had filed an urgent appeal against the decision of the Münster Administrative Court, which had permitted the stickers.
Die Tatsache ist, dass, wenn man anfängt, diese Art von Prävention zu betreiben, alle politischen und historischen Bücher betroffen sein müssen, da Objektivität in diesen Bereichen unmöglich ist.
Stadtbücherei Münster - Gerichtsurteil: Sticker mit politischen Warnhinweisen müssen von Büchern entfernt werden
Das Oberverwaltungsgericht Münster hat entschieden, dass ein Sticker mit politischen #Warnhinweisen von einem #Buch in der #Stadtbücherei Münster entfernt werden muss. Bibliotheksnutzer seien „mündige #Staatsbürger“, die nicht gelenkt werden sollen.
A Palestinian carries children as wounded Palestinians receive treatment at Al-Aqsa Martyrs Hospital, after an Israeli airstrike on a house, in Deir al-Balah, central Gaza Strip. REUTERS/Ramadan Abed
Gaza was already a ghetto for almost 20 years. It was poor, run down, and separated from the rest of the world due to a blockade that has been going on since 2005.
What we are witnessing is the liquidation of that ghetto, and the associated depravity of the people doing the liquidation.
Canada needs to reduce its dependence on US tech companies — and cloud infrastructure is a perfect place to start.
For the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, I explain the threat posed by our dependence on US-owned data centres and why we need a public cloud that isn’t shaped by the pressure for shareholder profits.
Malik Lutfi contemplated which of his family's belongings to salvage in the few moments he was given while Israeli troops carried out home demolitions in the Tulkarm refugee camp where he grew up in the Israeli-occupied West Bank.
Now 51, the father of six has rented a small room in the nearby city of Tulkarm, but without access to his electronic repair shop in the cordoned-off camp, he has no income to meet the rent.
In the town of Raba, in the Jenin Governorate of the northern occupied West Bank, Palestinians are fearful of an Israeli decision to seize the summit of Mount Salama, a move that would strip the town of an important economic resource.
Last Wednesday, the town’s residents received an Israeli order to seize 600 acres for the purpose of establishing a military zone that includes Mount Salama and its surrounding fields.
Watan-In the town of Raba, in the Jenin Governorate of the northern occupied West Bank, Palestinians are fearful of an Israeli decision to seize the summit of Mount Salama, a move that would strip the
Netanyahu, with the most morally repugnant army in the world and the avaricious Israeli population display themselves to the world as abusive psychotics relentlessly raping an enclosed captive society they are intent on exterminating
The Israeli army has marked tens of thousands of Gazans as suspects for assassination, using an AI targeting system with little human oversight and a permissive policy for casualties, +972 and Local Call reveal.
“Exporting democracy” is soft colonialism; “domestic democracy” is elite paternalism. Both twist true republican self-rule into managed consent. It’s double-secret social democracy, not what the founders envisioned: a limited republic to guard liberty from mob rule.
Video source (with music from Hans Erdmann) : • "Nosferatu" (1922). HD (720p). HANS ERDMAN... Picture : Marco FontaniliFrench translation : Loop Ar VroM...
if you're a #diaspora #podmin and your pod saw an usually high amount of http traffic between 2025-07-05 17:00 UTC and 2025-07-06 08:45 UTC and you have webserver access logs, please email me (mail@dennis-schubert.de).
Tāds tīkams sīkums: vietējā ieleja piedāvā bezmaksas autobusa biļetes, ja esi paņēmis naktsmājas reģionā. Pat kempingā. Autobusi kursē bieži, var no viena Dolomītu miestiņa ceļot uz otru. Laikam mēģina mazināt sastrēgumus. Kempings uz vakaru piepildās. Bet pagaidām vēl pa brīvai vietai ir. Cena: 24eur auto, 10 par personu un kaut kādi laikam 10 par telti. Vēl 5 eur jāpiemaksā, ja gribi auto turēt pie telts. WiFi un elektrība jāpērk atsevišķi. #artaceļo #irKalni
The current regime ruling the United States is trafficking people to various countries against their will.
But people seem to have quite bad memories and seem to believe that it's Trump that's just a bad actor.
Let me remind you that under the Bush regime, the CIA created a network in which it trafficked people, with no due process, for the express purpose of having them tortured.
Trump is not an aberration. The Empire is rotten, and it is dying.
After the 9-11 attacks against the United States, the CIA conspired with dozens of governments to build a secret extraordinary rendition and detention program that spanned the globe.
Wild guess, ja par mērogu paņem pedāli - 24'', priekš 20'' izskatās par lielu. IMHO vidējam eiropietim par mazu un nav arī TIK kompakts, lai būtu jēga ražot lielus rāmjus ar tādiem ratiem, kā tas ir ar 20'' saliekamajiem ričukiem. Principā bērnu ritenis Eiropas izpratnē, veloveikalos bērnu nodaļā visiticamāk kaut ko šādu var atrast.
Es ar šiem baigi izbraukājos pa pilsētām, ērtākais pilsētas velo kāds jebkad ir braukts, tas izmērs ir perfekts. Man pašam ir lielo riteņu pilsētas velo, tagad neliekas forši vairs, kad ar to mazo izbraukājos
Ja Tev augums atļauj un pa sūdīgu ceļu nebrauc, tad 24'' labāk ieskrienas un manevrē. Skaidrs, ka patīk.
Man pilsētas velo ir vecs 26'' MTB ar nebūt ne vieglām riepām un ratiem un var sajust starpību starp 29'' MTB, kam ir labi rati un vieglas riepas. Ar 26'' pilsētā foršāk, kur daudz jāapstājas un jāuzsāk, kaut "uz papīra" MTB ir daudz labāks. Nav vairs forši, kad jābrauc pa sliktu trotuāru.
Tāpēc jau tas ir pilsētas velo, lai gan, protams, Rīgā ļoti daudz kur nav labs asfalts, lai gan tā it kā ir pilsēta 😀 Par augumu, nu man ir 183cm, es pieļauju ka ilgi braukt nebūtu vairs tik labi, bet uz īsiem braucieniem baigi forša tā vertikālā poza likās
ir ir, man tādi mājās ir vairāki, bet ar šiem mazajiem riteņiem viss bišķi mainās, jo riteņi mazāki un ērti gan manevrēt, gan ļoti ātri uzsākt braukt (kā Kārlis jau rakstīja). Pēc tā, mani lielo riteņu pilsētnieki šķiet kā smagi tanki
The US administration doesn't want to prosecute pedophiles, but will send a SWAT team to get Jose while he stacks shelves in Walmart because he crossed the border without checking into passport control.
Not to mention they'll delete and erase crucial evidence like "Client Lists" if the high profile case incriminates DT further (which there are a plethora of photos already in the public domain showing he was very much involved).
Maybe Alligator Auschwitz is a wellness camp not a concentration camp. Nothing whips a person into shape like contaminated water, rotted food, and slave labour.
X’s AI (in other words, X Corp.) is spewing blatant antisemitism. Will you do something about it or is your defense of the Jewish people limited to your members legitimising, censoring criticism of, arming, and profiting financially from the Israeli genocide of the Palestinian people?
A propos the “white genocide” in South Africa, wasn't Grok's obsession explaining that there was none, or do I remember that wrong, or Grok was doing both?
for what it's worth, from what I can tell, even quite pro-Israel Jewish news sources are calling it for what it is (Jerusalem Post, Times of Israel, Arutz Sheva, Jewish Chronicle) and so are more mixed/unknown sources (Forward, Yeshiva World News--I don't know if they're antizionist Orthodox or very Zionist or carefully offending everyone). ...I wish there was a way to forcibly educate people that's not presumably illegal for kidnapping or trespassing or something.
❞ Kirsch sees “the concept of settler colonialism” as activist “nonsense”… By highlighting [his] text’s many elisions and obfuscations, Khalili makes clear that Kirsch has no clue what he’s talking about. That’s no surprise: He is, after all, a literary critic with zero expertise on Israel/Palestine or the discipline his book attempts to invalidate. Khalili’s review rigorously deconstructs Kirsch’s arguments before turning to a virtuosic micro-history of Zionist settler colonialism, drawn from the very primary sources and scholarship, especially by Palestinians, that Kirsch neglects. It’s a harrowing account—and a persuasive argument, for anyone willing to face the facts. ❝
Francesca Albanese, the #UN special rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territories, has demanded answers from #Italy, #France, and #Greece over their decision to grant airspace and safe passage to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu—despite an active arrest warrant request from the International Criminal Court (ICC).
Get cozy and fall asleep with this collection of snowy sleepy stories in winter settings. Enjoy cabins and cottages as the winter wind howls and snow falls a...
Une recette efficace pour éteindre son âme et causer la souffrance consiste à faire de l’étranger l’intime, et de l’intime, l’étranger. Ainsi, détournez-vous brutalement de …
When tradition locks up the disciple,it is because in reality, the disciple has once again allowed himself to be locked up by his own atrophies of the heart, Tradition, however, does nothing.I feel…
The Israeli genocide in Gaza, along with the escalating regional wars it has ignited, has brought two chilling truths into our focus: first, Israel is deliberately and aggressively undermining the security and stability of the entire Middle East and,…
The technology has already recouped hundreds of millions of pounds and could be extended right across Government, according to a new report by the National Audit Office
De Gaulle talking about the dollar. Extract from a press conference , February 1965 (machine translation)
Journalist
Mr. President, by exchanging part of its dollar assets for gold, France provoked reactions that themselves revealed certain flaws in the current international monetary system.
Are you in favor of reforming this system, and if so, how? My question, Mr. President, follows on from the previous one.
Could you clarify your policy regarding foreign investment in France, and particularly American investment?
Charles de Gaulle
Well, I will try to explain my thoughts on these points.
As the Western European states that were ruined and decimated by wars recover their substance, the relative situation they were in tends to appear inadequate and often even abusive and dangerous.
There is nothing here, moreover, in this observation, which implies, on their part, and even more so on the part of France, anything unfriendly towards any country, and in particular, towards America.
But the fact that these states want to act more and more on their own every day, in every area of international relations, is a natural part of things.
This is true of the monetary system that is being put into practice, of the monetary relations, if you will, that have been in practice in the world since the trials undergone by Europe caused it to lose its balance.
I was speaking, of course, of the international monetary system that appeared in the aftermath of the First World War and was established following the Second.
We know that this system, starting with the Genoa Conference in 1922, granted two currencies, the Pound and the Dollar, the privilege of being considered equivalent to gold in foreign trade.
It is true that the Pound was devalued in 1931 and the Dollar in 1933.
And at that time, it was believed that the privilege, this signal privilege, this signal advantage of these two currencies was compromised.
But America was overcoming its great crisis and then, afterward, the Second World War ruined the currencies of Western Europe by unleashing inflation.
Since almost all the world's reserves were then held by the United States, and they were the universal suppliers and consequently they had been able to maintain the value of their currency, it could seem natural that states would indiscriminately include dollars or gold in their foreign exchange reserves.
And that the differences in the balance of payments were settled by transfer of credit or American monetary sign as well as precious metal.
And this international monetary system, this Gold Exchange Standard, has consequently been accepted practically since then.
But it turns out that it no longer corresponds in the same way to the realities of today.
And that consequently it has disadvantages that are becoming more and more serious.
As this question which interests the world must be considered with serenity and with objectivity, what the current situation allows us to do, which in this respect does not contain anything that appears either very pressing or very alarming, it is the moment to do it.
Let us note that the conditions which had created the Gold Exchange Standard have changed profoundly.
The currencies of the Western European states have been restored to such an extent that the gold reserves that these states possess, let's say these six states, the six, the total of their gold reserves is equivalent to that of the Americans.
And it would exceed it even if these states wanted to convert into gold all the dollars they have to their account.
So, this kind of transcendent value that was recognized in the dollar has lost its initial basis, which was America's possession of the largest part of the world's gold.
But in addition, the fact that many States accept dollars in principle as well as gold for the settlement of differences that exist to their advantage in the American balance of payments, this fact leads Americans to get into debt and to get into debt gratuitously vis-à-vis foreign countries because what they owe them, they pay them at least in part with dollars that it is up to them to issue and not with gold which has a real value, which one only possesses because it has been earned, and which one cannot transfer to others without risk and without sacrifice.
But also in this way, this sort of unilateral facility which is attributed to America, contributes to fading the idea that the dollar is an impartial and international sign of exchanges whereas it is a means of credit appropriate to a State.
Obviously there are other consequences to this situation.
There is in particular the fact that the United States, for lack of having settled in gold at least completely, the negative differences of their payment, contrary to the practice which was formerly adopted, and by virtue of which the States were led to take, and if necessary with rigor, if necessary, the measures required to establish their balance, the United States I say, suffer from year to year deficit balances not certainly because the total of their commercial exchanges are to their disadvantage.
Their exports of materials exceed their imports.
But this is also the case for dollars whose outflows always exceed the inflows.
Then there is created in America by means of what must be called inflation, capital which in the form of loans in dollars granted to States or to individuals is exported abroad, and of course this increase in American fiduciary circulation makes investments within the United States less profitable.
Hence a growing propensity among them to invest abroad.
This results in some countries having a sort of expropriation of one or other of their companies.
It must be said that this practice has long encouraged and still encourages to a certain extent the multiple and considerable aid that America provides to many countries.
And from which we ourselves, in other times, have benefited greatly.
But circumstances have changed, and that is why France advocates that the system itself be changed.
That this sort of fundamental imbalance, which is now a fact, be brought to an end.
France advocated this, as you know, at the Tokyo Monetary Conference.
Given the consequences that a crisis that would arise in such an area could have, we believe that measures must be taken in time to avoid it.
We consider it necessary for international trade to be established, as was the case before the world's great misfortunes, on an indisputable monetary basis that bears no mark of any country in particular.
What basis? In truth, we do not see how there can really be any criterion, any standard other than gold.
And yes, gold, which does not change its nature, which can be put into ingots, bars, or coins in different ways, which has no nationality, which is eternally and universally held to be the unalterable and fiduciary value par excellence.
However, in the midst of the immense trials we have all gone through, whatever one may have imagined, or said, or written, or done, the fact remains that today no currency is worth anything except through a direct or indirect, real or supposed relationship with gold.
Naturally, no State can be forced to do what it must do within itself.
But in international trade, the supreme law, the golden rule, it is indeed the case to say it, which must be restored to honor and force, is the obligation to balance the balances of payments resulting from their trade from one monetary zone to another through the effective entry and exit of precious metal.
Certainly, the end without a harsh shock of the Gold Exchange Standard, which is the restoration of the gold standard, as well as the complementary and transitional measure that would be indispensable, in particular, the organization of international credit, on this new basis, all this must be examined calmly between States.
And in particular between those States to which their economic and financial power confers a special responsibility.
Moreover, the appropriate frameworks for these studies and these negotiations already exist.
The International Monetary Fund, which was established to ensure the solidarity of currencies, to ensure it as much as possible, the International Monetary Fund is certainly a very suitable place for such negotiations.
The Committee of Ten, which, as you know, is composed independently of the United States and England on the one hand, and of France, Germany, Italy, Belgium and the Netherlands, on the other hand, from Japan, Sweden and Canada, the Committee of Ten would prepare the necessary proposals and finally it would be up to the six States which appear to be on the way to creating a Western European economic community, it would be up to them to develop among themselves and to promote it abroad, the solid system which would be in accordance with common sense and which would respond to the resurgent economic and financial power of our ancient continent.
France for its part is ready to contribute actively to this great reform which is necessary in the interest of the whole world.
Sir, you asked me something about the United Nations.
For, I was asked about my health, I was also asked about that of the ...
Conférence de presse donnée au palais de l'Elysée le 4 février 1965. Dans le décor et avec le cérémonial habituel, le général de Gaulle prononce une courte formule de bienvenue, puis aussitôt il invite l'assistance à l'interroger.
Ja jums gribās super depresīvu stāstu par datoriem, IT un cilvēku absolūtu bezatbildību pret citu cilvēku, nevis mašinēriju, sameklējiet Post Office Horizons skandālu. Mani kā admini salauza.
Where the fuck is the #woman chasing and wanting #me I ask?? Just knock on my door and show yourself please, I'm where I usually am if you know then you know.
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"When those who display no regard for human lives, rights, and dignity control the levers of power, it’s important that we come together in common cause to raise our collective consciousness."
There's no excuse for Ann Coulter's statement that "we didn't kill enough Indians." As Lakota Law director Chase Iron Eyes points out, America was built on t...
@tom s — 2025-07-09 07:38:29
Max Powers
in reply to 𝕥ℝ𝕠𝕃𝕃𝕚ℕ 𝕜𝕀𝕥𝕥𝔼𝕙 • • •