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کدام ملت؟ کدام سرمایه؟
نظام سرمایهداری، از بدو پیدایش، بر پایهٔ مالکیت خصوصی، سودجویی فردی، و رقابتِ ساختاریافته استوار بوده است. با این حال در دوران معاصر، دولتها با استفاده از ابزار «ملیسازی» تلاش میکنند تا این نظام را در قالب چارچوبهای ملی بازتولید و مشروعیت بخشند. مفهوم «سرمایهٔ ملی» در نگاه اول، راهحلی برای تعدیل بحرانهای سرمایهداری و ایجاد توازن میان منافع عمومی و خصوصی به نظر میرسد؛ ولی در عمل نه عدالت اجتماعی را محقّق کرده و نه ساختار استثماری را دگرگون میسازد. نقد این مفهوم، بدون نقد همزمانِ دو رکنِ به هم پیوستهٔ «حکومت» و «مالکیت» ناتمام است. برای درک این مسئله باید از سطح ظاهریِ مفاهیم فراتر رویم و ریشههای ساختاریِ آنها را در نظام جهانی سرمایهداری واکاوی کنیم.
حکومت
«حکومت» به عنوان نهادی متمرکز، همواره ادّعا میکند که نمایندهٔ ارادهٔ جمعی است؛ ولی در واقعیت ابزاری برای حفظ نظم موجود و تحکیم روابط سلطه است. در ایران پس از انقلاب ۱۳۵۷، شعارهای ضدسرمایهداری و عدالتجویانه منجر به نمایش ملیسازی گستردهٔ صنایع شد؛ اما این ملیسازیها نه به خودگردانی کارگران؛ که به انتقال مالکیت از بخش خصوصی به نهادهای دولتیِ جدیدی مانند بنیادهای انقلابی و سپاه پاسداران منجر شد. این نهادها با ادغام قدرت اقتصادی، سیاسی و نظامی، شکلی از «سرمایهداری حکومتی» را ایجاد کردند که در آن منابعی که باید عمومی میشد در خدمت انباشت ثروت گروهی خاص قرار گرفت. کارگران صنعت نفت یا فولاد همچنان درگیر رابطهٔ مزدبگیری بودند و از تصمیمگیری دربارهٔ سرنوشت کارخانهها محروم ماندند. این نمونه نشان میدهد که ملیسازی بدون تغییر رابطهٔ کار و سرمایه، تنها صورتِ مسئله را عوض میکند.
مفهوم «ملت» در این چارچوب، ابزاری برای تفرقهٔ انسانها و تخریبِ همبستگی فراملیست. مردم به دست مرزهای مصنوعی به شهروندانِ ملتهای رقیب تبدیل شده و تضادهای طبقاتی به درگیریهای ملی یا مذهبی تقلیل مییابند. چه در شاهنشاهی پهلوی و چه در جمهوری اسلامی، سیاستِ «وحدت ملی» همواره برای سرکوب خواستههای قومیتها (مانند کردها، بلوچها، عربها و…) به کار رفته است. این سیاست در عین تشدید نابرابری اقتصادی، مبارزهٔ قومیتهای مختلف را از هم جدا کرده و از تشکیل یک جبههٔ واحد علیه ظلم جلوگیری میکند. در سطح جهانی نیز جنگهای تجاری میان قدرتها (مانند تحریمهای ایالات متّحدهٔ آمریکا علیه جمهوری اسلامی ایران) با شعار «حفظ منافع ملی» توجیه میشود؛ ولی در واقعیت، این نه حکومتها که طبقات فرودستِ هر دو کشورند که قربانی این درگیریها میشوند.
مالکیت
اما هستهٔ اصلی این نظام خودِ «مالکیت» است. مالکیت صرفاً در اختیار داشتن پول یا ماشینآلات نیست؛ بلکه رابطهای اجتماعی است که در آن انسانها ناچارند کار خود را برای بقا به ازای دستمزد بفروشند. این رابطه ارزش افزودهٔ کار را از کنندهٔ آن جدا کرده و به بازتولید نابرابری میانجامد. حتا اگر دولت مالک ابزار تولید شود (مانند تجربهٔ اتحاد شوروی) بازهم این رابطهٔ استثماری پابرجاست. تفاوت تنها در این است که به جای سرمایهداران خصوصی، بوروکراتهای دولتی سود حاصل از کار جمعی را تصاحب میکنند. بحرانهای دورهای سرمایهداری مانند رکود اقتصادی ۲۰۰۸ یا تورّم افسارگسیخته در ایران نشان میدهند که این نظام ذاتاً ناپایدار و ویرانگر است. در ایران، خصوصیسازیِ آب و تبدیل آن به کالا، منجر به خشک شدن تالابها و اعتراضات گسترده در اصفهان، خوزستان و… شد. این نمونهها ثابت میکند که سرمایهداری (حتا در شکل دولتی) انسان و طبیعت را فدای انباشت سود میکند.
راهکار
راه رهایی از این چرخه نه اصلاح نظام، که نابودی همزمان مفهوم حکومت و مالکیت است. تجربههای تاریخی مانند کمون پاریس (۱۸۷۱) یا انقلاب در اسپانیا (۱۹۳۶) نشان دادهاند که خود مردم میتوانند جامعه را بدون سلسله مراتب مدیریت کنند. آنارشیستها در اسپانیا با تشکیل شوراهای خودگردان، کارخانهها و زمینها را در اختیار خود مردم گذاشتند. تولید نه برای سود، که برای رفع نیازهای جامعه سازماندهی شد. در ایران پس از انقلاب ۵۷ نیز شوراهای کارگری در برخی کارخانهها شکل گرفتند که البته این تجربه با سرکوب دولت نوپای اسلامی مواجه شد. این شکستها نشان میدهند که بدون الغای مفهوم سرمایه، هر جنبشی در دام دولتسازی یا بازتولید رابطهٔ استثماری گرفتار میشود.
جنبشهای معاصر مانند زاپاتیستاهای مکزیک، جایگزین دیگری را برایمان روشن میکنند: جامعهای مبتنی بر خودگردانی محلی، مالکیت اشتراکی غیرمتمرکز و همبستگی فرامرزی. زاپاتیستاها نه تنها حکومت را رد میکنند، بلکه منطق کالاییسازی را از زندگی روزمره حذف کردهاند. در ایران اعتراضاتی چون کارگران نیشکر هفتتپه یا معلمان گرچه عمدتاً خواستههای صنفی دارند ولی میتوانند سنگ بنایی برای خودسازماندهی فراتر از چارچوبهای دولتی باشند.
نتیجه آن که مفهوم «سرمایهٔ ملی» ادعایی بیش نیست. این مفهوم نمیپذیرد که مشکل اصلی نه در نوع «مالکیت» یا «دولت»، که در خودِ رابطهٔ اجتماعیِ سرمایه و جداسازی انسانها در قالب «ملت»هاست. تا زمانی که کار انسان به کالایی برای مبادله تبدیل میشود، تا زمانی که مرزها انسانها را از هم جدا میکنند و تا زمانی که حکومت انحصار خشونت را در دست دارد، هیچ مفهومی که ضامن نابودی این سازوکارها نباشد قادر به تحقق عدالت نخواهد بود. ما با تأکید بر الغای همزمان مالکیت و حکومت، جامعهای را تصویر میکنیم که در آن منابع طبیعی و ابزار تولید در اختیار همگان بوده و تصمیمگیریها به جای نهادهای متمرکز، در شوراهای محلی و فدراسیونهای افقی انجام میگیرد. این آرمان شاید امروز دوردست به نظر برسد؛ ولی تاریخ نشان داده است که نطفههای آن همواره در مبارزات مردمی زنده است.
Upgraded Gibka-S Air Defense System Spotted Near Front In Donetsk (Video)
Russia-1 aired on May 22 a report showing an upgraded version of the Russian Gibka-S short-range air defense system operating...Anonymous1199 (South Front)
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When Sir #RichardAttenborough eventually steps down, I hope they consider passing the torch to #BillBailey. I know he's a #comedian, and I adore his humor (he's one of my favorites), but I've never heard him refer to himself as a #naturalist before (he may even be a naturist but honestly I don't want to know). Regardless, I do see him as a naturalist. I've heard him talk on QI and other shows not just about his love for animals, but also about his adventures. It would be great for #Bailey to continue #Attenborough's legacy (if he's interested).
Just a thought.
Bill Bailey Encounters Flying Frogs & Birds of Paradise | BBC Earth
Bill Bailey retraces Alfred Russel Wallace's wild expeditions through Borneo and the Spice Islands. A journey into evolution and the jungle's untamed beauty,...YouTube
Und jetzt raten wir mal, wer als nächstes abgeschoben wird.
#Spiegel #Hamburg #NiemandHatDieAbsichtJemandenAbzuschieben.
like this
Show HN: HNRelevant – Add a "related" section to Hacker News
Link: github.com/imdj/HNRelevant
Discussion: news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4…
GitHub - imdj/HNRelevant: A browser extension that adds a "Related Submissions" section to Hacker News
A browser extension that adds a "Related Submissions" section to Hacker News - imdj/HNRelevantGitHub
As the exodus from northern Gaza continues, Palestinians fear a ‘final displacement’
Residents of north Gaza say a repeat of the early stages of the genocide is taking place, when hundreds of thousands were displaced to the south and barred from returning. Gazans fear that the latest wave is paving the way for the final displacement.Tareq S. Hajjaj (Mondoweiss)
LOL. Well this is weird. About 2 weeks ago my KDE Connect running on my desktop refused to communicate with any of my devices.
My devices could talk to each other. My devices could talk to my laptop.
Hell my laptop could talk to my desktop.
But none of my devices would talk to my desktop.
So today I gave up, broke down, and installed LocalSend on all my devices!
Now guess what?
Now KDE Connect wants to re-pair and reconnect with all my devices.
Little shit.
Applications are becoming sentient and self-aware I tell you!
1st phase of prisoner swap sees Russia and Ukraine get back 390 people each
270 Russian servicemen have returned home after months in Ukrainian captivity.Odysee
Erst Empörung – laut, wütend, voller Vorurteile.
Dann: Stille.
Denn die Täterin war eine deutsche Frau, psychisch krank.
Kein politisches Motiv.
Wäre es anders gewesen – die Empörung wäre geblieben.
Mit pauschalen Schuldzuweisungen. Mit politischen Forderungen.
Diese Doppelmoral ist widerlich. Und gefährlich für unsere Demokratie.
Gewalt bleibt Gewalt.
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Eritrean authorities release 37 Yemeni fishermen
HODEIDA, May 23 (YPA) - Eritrean authorities released on Saturday about 37 Yemeni fishermen weeks after they were arbitrarily and unlawfully detained, with confiscating their boats.Media outlets reported on Saturday that the released fishermen arriveاحسن (Yemen Press Agency)
This Week in Plasma: time-of-day wallpapers
Welcome to a new issue of “This Week in Plasma”! Every week we cover the highlights of what’s happening in the world of KDE Plasma and its associated apps like Discover, System Monitor, and more.This Week in Plasma: time-of-day wallpapers
TXPatriot2021🇨🇱✝ΣΧ🇺🇲 reshared this.
Ausschussvorsitz für AfD-Politiker: Die falsche Alternative
Man dürfe der AfD nicht wichtige Posten verweigern, sondern müsse sich inhaltlich mit ihr auseinandersetzen. Ist das wirklich eine Entweder-oder-Frage? Nein, findet Wolfgang Hübner.nd-aktuell.de
Zionazis like him are criminals, monsters, murderers, torturing and massacring a whole country. Who the fukc think they are????
Arrest all of them like you arrested every single nazi official after WWII and take them to Nuremberg 3.0
#FreePalestine #FukcNetanyahu #FukcIsrael #IsraelTerroristState
POWERLINE BLOG - The Week In Pictures: Forget It, Jake, It’s Washington Edition
POWERLINE BLOG - The Week In Pictures: Forget It, Jake, It’s Washington Edition
POWERLINE BLOG - The Week In Pictures: Forget It, Jake, It’s Washington Edition
Our socials: fediverse.blog/~/ActaPopuli/fo…
Xi extends condolences over death of former Vietnamese President Tran Duc Luong - China Military
Chinese President Xi Jinping on Saturday extended condolences to General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) Central Committee To Lam and Vietnamese President Luong Cuong over the death of former Vietnamese President Tran Duc Luong.eng.chinamil.com.cn
#ICE Arrests #Mississippi Father at His #Citizenship Hearing, Threatening #Deportation
source: mississippifreepress.org/ice-a…
Kasper and his wife, Savannah Hobart Eriksen, never submitted that form, which was due all the way back in 2015. She had suffered a stillbirth, losing their first child, and in the days of grief that followed, the deadline slipped right past them. But Kasper’s naturalization continued unimpeded. He corresponded with #immigration officials numerous times over the next 10 years, and says agents never warned him that a critical document was missing. He paid taxes each year, reliably contributing a portion of his labor to the nation he already felt a part of.
#usa #migration #fail #politics #news #problem
ICE Arrests Mississippi Father at His Citizenship Hearing, Threatening Deportation
ICE arrested Kasper Eriksen, a Mississippi father, at his citizenship hearing, imprisoning him and threatening him with deportation.Nick Judin (Mississippi Free Press)
Tess likes this.
Shonie Hutter likes this.
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Now, it's Ziplock Bags - what's next?? The air we breathe? Yes
x.com/WallStreetApes/status/19…
Ziplock Bags are now involved in a class action lawsuit after being linked to causing dementia“ I'm Dr. Clint Steele. I'm a brain & nervous system specialist & I help people just like you improve your life by improving your brain function, specifically around, preventing & in many cases reversing dementia & Alzheimer's disease.
For those of you that follow me, I did a video on this not too long ago ...
Now for any of you that are doing this, guys, & this is one of the reasons I don't do this, because it doesn't make sense to me to put this in the microwave.
It's going to melt, it's plastic. It's going to get into my food. That's not good for me. So if you're doing this, you got to stop. Here's what happens.
There's two ingredients in this plastic bag called polyethylene & polypropylene that break down and turn into microplastics.
These microplastics are so small that they can actually cross the blood brain barrier. And this is how we're finding plastics in the brain
— Get the plastics out of your life as much as you can. And especially these”.
“Please guys, share this. I'm out to save 1 million lives from dementia & Alzheimer's disease & I need your help. We've got to get rid of stuff like this because it's damaging our brains & it's leading to end stage neurodegenerative diseases. So please share this.
The AI-powered collapse of the American tech workfoce
- Over 90 000 employees have been laid off from the global technology industry in 2025 so far.
- Over 73 percent of all layoffs are taking place in American companies as they embrace AI-powered efficiency.
- Intel will likely be the biggest firer this year, with an expected over 40 000 positions being cut by the end of the year.
The AI-powered collapse of the American tech workfoce - Hypertext
The vast majority of layoffs in 2025 so far came from the American tech industry, according to new research from RationalFX.Luis Monzon (Hypertext)
Live Updates: Israel's Gaza invasion - Day 594
Live Updates: Israel has been bombarding Gaza, killing thousands of Palestinians, since Hamas launched a deadly offensive on Oct 7, 2023.DAWN.COM
#LatteArt
You can follow us in other languages. Visit our website for more information wordsmith.social/protestation/…
At Least 50 Killed in Gang Massacre in Central Haiti
TEHRAN (Tasnim) – An armed gang attack on the Haitian town of Preval has left at least 50 people dead, including children and an elderly pastor, in one of the deadliest assaults amid the country’s escalating security crisis.Tasnim News Agency
Col. Douglas Macgregor Warns U.S. on the Brink of CHAOS if Israel Strikes Iranian Nuclear Sites
We are now four months into Trump’s second term, and while his administration is engaging in talks from Russia to Iran, we’re still not seeing meaningful action in a number of areas that include: endi...Odysee
Good mofu morning fedi, my headset died completely this morning, the cord got snagged by my chair and they took a dive straight onto the floor, where they were then kicked because I have shit reflexes and tried to catch them with my foot so they wouldn't hit the floor. Now the mic doesn't work at all anymore, and the left ear has had something damaged badly, as it sounds really muddy now and I can hear something rattling every time the bass starts playing
Fortunately, the new ones are apparently coming in tomorrow instead of Wednesday, so at least there's been some good news today. Now I just gotta hope they're actually good and not just audiophile bait
Iran's Army: We will resolutely respond to any threat or aggression
Pars Today – On the anniversary of the liberation of the city of Khorramshahr, Iran’s Army stated on Saturday that it will defend the homeland to the last...Pars Today
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New Report Shows Muslim Brotherhood Infiltrating French Republic Institutions To Lead the Country to Sharia Law – Macron Demands Cabinet Come up With Solutions to Problem
thegatewaypundit.com/2025/05/n…
New Report Shows Muslim Brotherhood Infiltrating French Republic Institutions To Lead the Country to Sharia Law – Macron Demands Cabinet Come up With Solutions to Problem | The Gateway Pundit | by Paul Serran
Among the manifold French problems brought about by the suicidal policy of unchecked mass migration, the Islamist infiltration of their society is one of the most troubling.Paul Serran (Where Hope Finally Made a Comeback)
#pcgaming #store #gaming #market #popularity #linuxgaming
- Epic Games Store (1%, 3 votes)
- Steam (79%, 221 votes)
- GOG (17%, 48 votes)
- Itch.io (2%, 6 votes)
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Keir Starmer shunned her over Gaza, but she’s been proven right
Help Declassified expose the powerful by joining us: https://www.declassifieduk.org/join/Zarah Sultana has received "death threats" online and abuse from Lab...YouTube
is anyone from #gnome attending local-first conf in berlin?
app-2025.localfirstconf.com/sc…
Local-First Conf 2025
Join us for the world's first local-first conference. Connect with a rapidly-growing community in an intimate setting. Berlin, May 26-28 2025.app-2025.localfirstconf.com
Modern art was CIA ’weapon’
Author of a masterful study on the CIA and the cultural Cold War, British historian Frances Stonor Saunders provided a detailed account for The Independent of the CIA’s covert role in sponsoring Abstract Expressionist painting in the United States.Frances Stonor Saunders (Voltaire Network)
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A stacked bar chart titled "Evolution of Linux Distributions Used for Gaming" shows the percentage distribution of various Linux distributions used for gaming from 2019 to 2025. Each bar represents a specific time period, with segments color-coded for different distributions, including ARCH, MINT, FEDORA, UBUNTU, ENDEAVOUR, CACHYOS, FLATPAK, NOBARA, BAZZITE, MANJARO, POPOS, NIXOS, DEBIAN, and OPENSUSE.
Who Are the Real Terrorists? Haiti, the United States and the Political Geography of Cocaine - CovertAction Magazine
On May 2, the State Department announced “the designation of [Haitian paramilitary gangs] Viv Ansanm and Gran Grif (Big Claws) as Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs) and Specially Designated Global Terrorists (SDGTs).Danny Shaw (CovertAction Magazine)
Pourquoi ne nous disent-ils pas qu’il a traîtreusement tué 3 000 prisonniers après leur reddition ?
Pourquoi ne mentionnent-ils pas qu'il avait l'habitude de tuer directement les symboles du pays et de suspendre leurs têtes aux entrées du pays ?
What RFK Jr, Joe Rogan and Mel Gibson Have In Common: The “Miracle” Drug Keeping Them Young
thegatewaypundit.com/2025/05/w…
What RFK Jr, Joe Rogan and Mel Gibson Have In Common: The "Miracle" Drug Keeping Them Young | The Gateway Pundit | by Promoted Post
(Note: Thank you for supporting businesses like the one presenting a sponsored message below and working with them through the links below which benefits Gateway Pundit.Promoted Post (Where Hope Finally Made a Comeback)
White House Turns Press Room Over to Children and the Important Questions Actually Get Asked
thegatewaypundit.com/2025/05/w…
White House Turns Press Room Over to Children and the Important Questions Actually Get Asked | The Gateway Pundit | by Bryan Chai, The Western Journal
All the questions were adorable, but there was one question from a little girl that almost got a little awkward.The Western Journal (Where Hope Finally Made a Comeback)
JUST IN: President Trump Announces BIG Rally on May 30 to Celebrate Massive Investment in US Steel – Partnership with Nippon Steel will “Create at Least 70,000 jobs, and Add $14 Billion Dollars to the U.S. Economy”
thegatewaypundit.com/2025/05/j…
JUST IN: President Trump Announces BIG Rally on May 30 to Celebrate Massive Investment in US Steel - Partnership with Nippon Steel will "Create at Least 70,000 jobs, and Add $14 Billion Dollars to the U.S. Economy" | The Gateway Pundit | by Jordan Conrads
President Trump announced on Friday that the American steelmaker, United States Steel Corporation, will stay in America and add thousands of jobs and billions of dollars to the economy.Jordan Conradson (Where Hope Finally Made a Comeback)
Jesus #LinuxMint, I would have thought you would have cared more about #ComputerSecurity than this.
If you were storing the hash of my password then it really wouldn't matter how long it was now would it?
Now I've got to fucking shorten my password on your forums.
For fuck's sake. This is 2025. Not 1995.
Update: And high-ASCII characters are being counted as two-characters instead of two-bytes.
This just keeps getting better and better.
Let's see if I can at least do UTF-8 emojis and symbols and shit.
Update2: Of course not. Why? Because UTF-8 symbols and emojis have modifiers. My 20 character emoji password has exceeded the stupid 20 character limitation.
I can't believe this but Linux Mint literally wants me to have Password1234
as my fucking password it seems.
What a fucking joke.
Funny you mention that. Forums...
Linux Mint uses phpBB for it's Forum software.
Linux Mint also requires you to sign up an account on their forums first before you can sign up an account on the community hub because they show some sort of code on your Forum Profile page that you then need to copy over onto a completely different website to prove you're not a SPAM account (!).
phpBB had no problems whatsoever with my 6 word passphrase, with hyphens as the word separator, and embedded numbers. (And for anybody thinking I've just broken my own OpSec, I don't always use hyphens as my passphrase separators. I switch it up depending on what kind of mood I'm in. Avoid patterns if you can avoid it.)
It was only when I went to complete the signup on their community page where I was hit with the message that my forum password was greater than 20 characters.
Also, pretty sure their community hub is home-grown and that's where the problem was/ is.
رضا Reza
in reply to danialbehzadi • • •۲- قبول دارم درگیری ملی بحث ذلیلیه ولی درگیری مذهبی نه. مذهب، حداقل اسلام، میتونه باعث نابودی سرمایهداری بشه.
۳- نمیدونم چقدر در بین قومیتهای مختلف بودید ولی قومیتها هم خواستار از بین رفتن ملیت نیستن بلکه خواستار اینن که ملیتی داشته باشن که فقط شامل قوم خودشون باشه.
Amin_Modaresi
in reply to رضا Reza • • •@RezaHoss@mas.to
بنده در بین قوم های ایرانی بودم.
جزء بیسواد ترینشون که حتی با هم قومیاشونم نمیتونن یک کشور مستقلو بسازن و سر روز اول میزنن به تیپو تار هم، همشون خودشونو ایرانی میدونن.