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This Cold War-era documentary explores the lesser-known history of Operation Paperclip โ the U.S. program that brought former Nazi engineers, including Wernher von Braun, into the early American space effort.
Topics covered include:
The origins of the V-2 rocket program
Von Braunโs involvement with the SS
How Nazi technology helped land Americans on the Moon
The ethical complexity behind a scientific milestone
๐ฅ Watch here:
No politics, just history and science. Let me know what you think.
What if NASA's space race was built on buried secrets โ and Nazi scientists?In this explosive Cold War documentary, we uncover the hidden truth behind Operat...
I don't think it's lesser-known at all. It's very very well known, but still problematic.
It wasn't ALL Nazi's though. There were plenty of German scientists who were anti-Nazi, displaced by the war, and included in Operation Paperclip. The fact that some were Nazi's, and some were even SS (insane) is the real problem.
One of the world's least reported genocides took place in #Tigray between 2020 - 2022 with horrific sexual violence and rape weaponised to subdue women/ the population. Most of the victims are still waiting for accountability and justice.
Rusted screws, metal spikes and plastic rubbish: the horrific sexual violence used against Tigrayโs women
Tens of thousands of Tigrayan women report brutal wartime abuse by Ethiopian and Eritrean soldiers, such as gang-rape and the insertion of objects into their uteruses. But justice seems a distant prospect
You can find out more about Steven Springer at https://www.globalpresence.com/.The set is now complete. Order your copies today! https://dutchsheets.mybigcom...
>>Bild und Jรผdische Allgemeine haben Lรผgen verbreitet: Eine wissenschaftliche Untersuchung hat nun ergeben: Von den 1.080 Kindern, deren Todesfรคlle das Gesundheitsministerium damals nicht bestรคtigen konnte, wurden fast alle von Israel getรถtet. <<
AOAVโs review finds over 80% of the 1,079 removed child names in Gazaโs death toll are confirmed or likely killed, disproving claims of fabrication.
Wenn man genauer nachprรผft ergibt sich, dass die Todesfรคlle, die das MoH in Gaza aus ihrer Liste gestrichen hat, weil sie ein bรผrokratischer Apparat ist, die einen hohen Standard an ihre Zahlen anlegt.
Eine รberprรผfung der Todesfรคlle zeigt, ja, die Kinder wurden wirklich getรถtet.
JA, BILD und die pro-israelische Accounts die das als Beweis sahen, die ganzen Zahlen in Zweifel zu ziehen nutzen ihr eigenes Desinteresse an der Realitรคt, und die Grรผndlichkeit des MoH schamlos fรผr Propagandazwecke.
Support for Minecraft 1.21.7 added!Support for the new Minecraft release 1.21.7 has been added, with bug fixes and chi-chi-chicken jockeys. Our servers are still on Java 1.21.4 at the moment.
Anyway... anyone ever want to visit Korea, always happy to give info on the country. People maybe think of Japan first for visiting... although maybe k-pop (not a fan) and Squid Game put Korea a bit more on the map.
As predicted, the hardcore Trump shills are already starting to celebrate their messiah as a peacemaker and attacking the other controlled opposition factions for saying Trump would start WW3 (which he will, just not yet).
All you need to know about this grifter, is he pretended to get emotional over the October 7th attacks. And as far as I know, he never cried on camera over anything else.
You will receive the pundits you deserve.Get your RazรถrForce Fatigues:https://www.teepublic.com/stores/razorfirst?ref_id=36457Rumble:https://rumble.com/c/Raz...
game dev progress for the day! got more of the manor fleshed out. there will be rooms on the bottom side as well but i'm working on the top ones first.
it's kind of crazy how much longer working in 3D takes but i'm starting to get the hang of it, just some things i need to change from working in 2D i am getting a little tripped up on. i think a lot of it is the setup as well. once you get the models created and everything it is much smoother to build it all.
@xianc78 that would be quite the undertaking. you would have to recognize what tiles from the tileset are being used, extract only those tiles and convert them into voxels, then determine what height everything should be at, and then put the tiles down at the exact coordinates. even then, the difference in dimensions and perspectives will result in the end user having to manually move and change a lot of stuff. not really worth even coding something like that imo.
the vast majority of people are not going to be converting their RPG Maker projects wholesale into RPG In A Box, and the only reason i'm sort of doing it is because i'm just messing around with the engine and testing stuff out. when i actually start doing a proper game i won't have anything from rpg maker, ideally.
Below is my column in The Hill on the ruling in Mahmoud v. Taylor in favor of parents who want to withdraw their children from LGBTQ lessons in public schools. I agreed with the majority, but it waโฆ
@Zennagain honestly, I don't think there's anything to disintegrate there. The way i see it, it was a weird ass meaningless stunt to begin with. I mean, they have this club of theirs, but so what? They're trading between themselves just like they've always have
Can't vote in my own poll, but my plan is to start in Greece for a music festival (looks fucking hot there now, though, which sucks)... and then try for Greenland and a return visit to Cyprus., using Greece as a hub.
Let's get back to national currency. The good news is that with the advent of digital currency we don't have to wait for the government to implement it. A handful of tech savvy nationalists can do it themselves.
@one_percent Lots of great places to see in Mexico. I finally got to hit the Yucatan during the COVID years, because Mexico was one of the few countries not insisting on vax documentation. It's probably up there on a top 5 of countries for me.
That's where I went when I renewed my temporary residency. Merida, specifically. I hit up most of the Mayan sites while I was at it.
I was thinking CDMX for this renewal/ upgrade, but then yesterday someone told me that there's an INM office in Ajijic (Lake Chapala). Now I'm thinking of starting there, then maybe heading to Guadalajara and/or CDMX.
@one_percent Yeah... Chichen Itza was the big reason I wanted to go there. It was cool, but I liked some of the other ones even more... Tulum, Coba, and Uxmal.
If Guanajuato is on your route going to Guadalajara, it's a great little city.
I felt the same. Uxmal and Kabbah (with a visit to the Choco Museum) was the best tour I went on. Chichen Itza was cool, of course... but the fucking touts. Oh my god that was obnoxious. The other sites, zero touts, and it was so much better.
@one_percent ๐คฃ ... yeah, I was on a full day tour of three of the sites, and I had a good ability of slipping away as the touts went for the bigger cluster of the group I was with.
Is Mexico still a 99-year deal for foreigners to own property? A huge reason I would never go back to the U.S. is property tax. I own my place and another place here in Korea, and you can build up and upgrade over the years. Property tax is about $50 a year, including trash pick-up.
Chinese Foreign Minister continued his round of telephone diplomacy regarding the critical situation in West Asia caused by US-Israeli aggression with calls with his Iranian and Turkish counterparts on June 24.
Whew! had to install the window AC unit in the bedroom. Was 97 in there after using the dryer. Dont help that that wall faces direct west into the sun in the afternoon...
I doubt it. I can check but they like a clean presentable exterior...and I do as well... there is a tree/shrub that covers a small area of shared wall between my neighbor and I but it'll take decades to get large enough to provide shade
A years-long effort led by Kayvan Memarian and Peter Sewell from Cambridge University, UK, Martin Uecker from Graz University of Technology, Austria, and myself (from ICube/Inria, France) has guideโฆ
Duke has lost millions in funding this year as the courts and President Donald Trump clash over the future of the National Institutes of Health. Twenty-eight NIH grants awarded to Duke have been canceled, totaling around $96.
Man, say what you will about truck culture, and Iโll probably agree, but I fuckinโ love truck nuts. I donโt know why, I donโt think itโs just immaturity because bodily humor isnโt usually my thing. But something about truck nuts makes me laugh.
I especially love that they trigger people enough that some places ban them.
I figured it was keep going until Ukraine collapses, or the deal is sweet enough. Returning all territory to UA was off the table after about a year or less of the war.
A recent blog post from Microsoft gave us an up-to-date statistic on the number of Windows devices there are the world today, and that number is down by up to 400 million over the last number it gave.
Benjamin #Netanyahu has thanked Donald #Trump for yesterday's Truth Social message criticising his trial, and declared that him and Trump will "make the Middle East Great Again!".
And the democrats kissing the feet of this wanted war criminal.
If (but lets be real, more like when) I make a custom SSG for my website, I can see it being based on HTML rather than markdown. I pretty much just use Hugo for partials and shortcodes now, I populate all my pages with feeds manually.
I don't know much about web components, but they seem like a good fit. Though I would be pre-processing them into regular html. Though the more I think about it, having markdown is nice for a number of reasons, who knows maybe I'll come up with some insane hybrid.
maybe this is super unsolicited and you already know these projects. But maybe you can draw inspiration from soupault.app and @aralโs kitten.small-web.org
>>Durch die israelischen Angriffe auf den Iran sind 900 Personen getรถtet wurden, darunter 38 Kinder. Beim Angriff auf das Evin-Gefรคngnis starben 79 Menschen. Darunter Gefangene u Besucher. Muss diese "Drecksarbeit" sein, die Israel fรผr "uns" macht: Kinder u Gegner des Regimes tรถten<< Niema Movossat
Mehmet Talat Paลa: โฤฐttihatรงฤฑlarฤฑn beyni ve soykฤฑrฤฑmฤฑn mimarฤฑโ โ Mehmet Turan
โTalat Tรผrk Bismarckโฤฑdฤฑr!โ (รnlรผ Yahudi heykeltฤฑraล ve Siyonist aktivist Alfred Nossig) โBen valiyim eลkฤฑya deฤilim, ben yapamam, bu sandalyeden kalkarฤฑm sen gelir yaparsฤฑn.โ (Ankara Valisi Atฤฑf Beyโin Talatโฤฑn Ermeni tehciri konusundaki talimatฤฑnฤฑ ileten elรงiye verdiฤi cevap) โArtฤฑk bir Ermeni sorunu yoktur!โ -Talat Paลa (Aฤustos 1915 / Alman Bรผyรผkelรงisine รงekilen telgraf) โโฆPaลaโnฤฑn bir gรผn yeis ve acz iรงinde aฤladฤฑฤฤฑna ลahit oldum. Fakat bu gรถzyaลlarฤฑ beni mรผteessir etmedi. รรผnkรผ Talatโฤฑn hรผkรผmeti savaลฤฑ milletin hayatฤฑna tercih etmiลti.โ (Hamid Kapancฤฑzade / Dรขhiliye Nezaretinde yรผksek memur)
Mehmet Talat Paลa (1874-1921) kitabฤฑnฤฑn yazarฤฑ Hans-Lukas Kieser Osmanlฤฑโnฤฑn son dรถnemleri konusunda uzmanlaลmฤฑล bir modern tarih profesรถrรผdรผr. Ermeni ve Yahudi sorunu, Lozan Anlaลmasฤฑ, Tรผrk Ulusalcฤฑlฤฑฤฤฑ, Birinci Cihan Harbi ve Osmanlฤฑnฤฑn Sonu, Tรผrklรผฤe ฤฐhtida ve Iskalanmฤฑล Barฤฑล isimli kitaplarฤฑn da yazarฤฑdฤฑr. Kitap Talat Paลa hakkฤฑnda son yฤฑllarda yazฤฑlmฤฑล derinlemesine ve รงarpฤฑcฤฑ tarih bilgileriyle dolu รงok รถnemli bir biyografik eser olarak gรถrรผlmelidir.
Kitap, iรงinden geรงtiฤimiz รงarpฤฑcฤฑ gรผnler iรงin รงok faydalฤฑ tarihsel karลฤฑlaลtฤฑrmalara imkรขn tanฤฑmaktadฤฑr. ฤฐttihatรงฤฑlarฤฑn temel bir รถzelliฤi vardฤฑ. Yenilirken bile kรผรงรผk galibiyetlerden mรผthiล coลku duyuyorlar, bunu halkฤฑ harekete geรงirmek iรงin รงok ustaca kullanฤฑyorlardฤฑ. 31 Mart ฤฐsyanฤฑโnฤฑ Ermeni ittifakฤฑ ile bastฤฑrmalarฤฑ, Edirneโnin tekrar geri alฤฑnmasฤฑ, Ekim Devrimiyle Bolลeviklerin Kars, Batum, Ardahanโฤฑ bฤฑrakmasฤฑ ve birรงok tabyada Alman subaylarฤฑn gรถrev aldฤฑฤฤฑ, Alman savaล stratejisiyle kazanฤฑlan รanakkale muharebelerinde olduฤu gibi. Birinci Cihan Harbiโnin genel yenilgisi iรงinde oluyordu bรผtรผn bunlar. ฤฐTC katฤฑksฤฑz bir savaล partisiydi. Dinamizmini buradan alฤฑyordu. Savaลtan besleniyor, savaล ile ayakta duruyordu. Gรผnรผmรผz AKP-MHP-Ergenekon ittifakฤฑ da benzer bir platformdur. รzellikle 15 Temmuzโdan sonra Azerbaycan, Libya operasyonlarฤฑ ve iรง muhalefeti ezmesiyle bรถlgesel bir savaล partisine dรถnรผลmรผลtรผr. ฤฐรงinde bulunduฤumuz Birinci Cihan Harbiโne benzer koลullarda bรถlgede geliลen ABD, ฤฐsrail, ฤฐngiltere ve Fransฤฑz saldฤฑrฤฑlarฤฑ TCโnin genel yenilgisinin zeminini hฤฑzla รถrerken, faลist platform SMO รงeteleri, Colani ve bรถlgeden dฤฑลlanmฤฑล Rusya ile kรผรงรผk galibiyetler peลinde koลuyor. Bรผyรผk oyunun figรผranฤฑ olmaktan ileri gidemiyor. ฤฐmralฤฑโnฤฑn sunduฤu โbรถlgesel geniลlemeโ fฤฑrsatฤฑnฤฑ bile Kรผrtlere karลฤฑ ลiddeti artan savaล operasyonlarฤฑ ve รผlke iรงi demokratik sol muhalefeti ezmek iรงin kullanฤฑyor. ฤฐmamoฤlu ลahsฤฑnda geliลtirilen operasyon da darbe mekaniฤinin bir diลlisi olarak bu kรผรงรผk galibiyetler iรงindeki yerini alฤฑyor.
Kitabฤฑ okuyup bitirdiฤimizde Eric Hobsbawnโฤฑn 20.yรผzyฤฑl iรงin verdiฤi tanฤฑm aklฤฑmฤฑza geliyor: โAลฤฑrฤฑlฤฑklar รงaฤฤฑ!โ denilebilir ki Talat Paลa da aลฤฑrฤฑlฤฑklar รงaฤฤฑnฤฑn ve diktatรถrler Avrupaโsฤฑnฤฑn aรงฤฑlฤฑลฤฑnฤฑ yapan liderlerin istisnasฤฑz en baลฤฑnda gelmektedir. Aลฤฑrฤฑlฤฑklar รงaฤฤฑnฤฑ Birinci Cihan Harbi ve Ekim Devrimiโnden รถnce Anadoluโda gerรงekleลtirilen Rum Tehciri, Ermeni Jenosidi ve Osmanlฤฑ ฤฐmparatorluฤuโnun daฤฤฑlmasฤฑyla baลlatmak ve aลฤฑrฤฑlฤฑklar รงaฤฤฑnฤฑn bir โprelรผdโรผ saymak รงok mu yanlฤฑล olurdu?
Kieser ilk cรผmlelerine รถnemli bir tespitle baลlar: โTalat Anadoluโda Tรผrk ulus/devleti haline gelecek oluลumu inลa eden ilk kiลiydi. Nihai kurucu Mustafa Kemal alenen onun siyasi mirasรงฤฑsฤฑydฤฑโ
โTalatโฤฑn kana bulanmฤฑล genรง kadrosu Tahsin Uzer, ลรผkrรผ Kaya, Abdรผlhalik Renda, Atฤฑf Kamรงฤฑl, Celal Bayar gibi adamlar, Muhittin Birgen, Falih Rฤฑfkฤฑ Atay, Necmettin Sadak, Yunus Nadi, Reลit Saffet Atabinen, ลรผkrรผ Saraรงoฤlu, Mahmut Esat Bozkurt gibi adanmฤฑล emir subaylarฤฑ, gazeteciler, รถฤrenciler kariyerlerini M:kemal in liderliฤinde Ankara da inลa ettiler. Hepsi bir zamanlar Talatโฤฑn komutasฤฑ altฤฑndaydฤฑ.โ (Kieser)
ฤฐlk anda abartฤฑlฤฑ bir yorum gibi gelse de bunun nedeni Enver ve M. Kemal kadar Talat รผzerine yeterince kitap, makale ve araลtฤฑrma yapฤฑlmamasฤฑ ve sol cenahฤฑn Talatโฤฑ sadece Ermeni meselesinde oynadฤฑฤฤฑ rol ile sฤฑnฤฑrlฤฑ olarak tanฤฑmasฤฑndan kaynaklฤฑ olabilir. Oysa Kieser Talat iรงin, รถzellikle devlet ricali aรงฤฑsฤฑndan โVarlฤฑฤฤฑnฤฑ kuลaklar boyunca sรผrdรผren bir gรถlgeโ tanฤฑmlamasฤฑnฤฑ yaparken sadece gรถz ardฤฑ edilmiล bir gerรงeฤi dile getirmektedir. Kieserโin kaynak olarak kullandฤฑฤฤฑ Ernest Jackhโฤฑn (Cihan harbinde Alman Dฤฑลiลleri Temsilcisi) anฤฑ kitabฤฑ โYรผkselen Hilalโ kitabฤฑndaki ลu ifade รถnemlidir: โMustafa Kemal Talatโฤฑn sorumluluฤundaydฤฑโ. Aslฤฑnda Talat, M. Kemalโin davasฤฑnฤฑn รถnรผndeki tรผm รงalฤฑlarฤฑ รงok รถnceden ortadan kaldฤฑrmฤฑลtฤฑ. (Rumlar ve Ermeniler!). Osmanlฤฑ sosyal dokusunun vazgeรงilmez unsurlarฤฑnฤฑ, Anadoluโnun tarihsel otokton halklarฤฑnฤฑ silip sรผpรผrmรผลtรผ. ฤฐTC nasฤฑl ki รถnce Ermenilerle ittifak yapฤฑp sonra onlarฤฑ imha ettiyse, Kemalistler de milli mรผcadelede Kรผrtleri ikna edip yanlarฤฑna almฤฑล sonra รผzerlerinde sรถmรผrgeci bir siyaset izlemiลlerdir. Ne Abdรผlhamit ne de ฤฐTC Kรผrt realitesini inkรขr etmiลti. Ancak Kemalistler Tรผrk ve Kรผrtlerin birlikte kurduklarฤฑ cumhuriyet rejimini Kรผrt ulus varlฤฑฤฤฑnฤฑn inkรขrฤฑ รผzerinde inลa ettiler.
Kitabฤฑn ana omurgasฤฑ Talat ve dava arkadaลlarฤฑnฤฑn izleyen bir sonraki yรผz yฤฑl boyunca Tรผrkiyeโnin takip edeceฤi siyasi rotanฤฑn temel รงizgilerini daha o gรผnlerde nasฤฑl ลekillendirdikleri รผzerine kuruludur. Bu, bizim yakฤฑn Tรผrkiye tarihine iliลkin Hamidizm, Enverizm ve Kemalizmโe dair โtarihsel sรผreklilikโ yaklaลฤฑmฤฑmฤฑzla uyumludur. O yรผzden kitaba ikinci bir alt baลlฤฑk konulsaydฤฑ eฤer bu, โTalatโฤฑn hayaleti yaลamaya devam ediyorโ. ลeklinde olabilirdi. Son bakฤฑลta buradaki โEnverizmโ tanฤฑmฤฑ elbette mevcut รผรงlรผnรผn bir ayaฤฤฑnฤฑ zayฤฑf kฤฑlฤฑyor. O yรผzden bir dรผzeltme gerekiyor. โTalatโsฤฑz bir Enver dรผลรผnรผlemezโ diyerek bu eksikliฤimizi giderebiliriz. Talat ideolojik ve pratik รถnderdir, Enver ise sahne รถnรผndeki etkili bir politik figรผrdรผr. 1908โin simgesel kahramanฤฑdฤฑr. V. Mehmetโin yeฤeni Naciye Sultanโla evli olmasฤฑnฤฑn getirdiฤi referanslara sahiptir. Talat asker kรถkenli deฤildir, sivil siyasetten, memuriyetten gelmektedir. Ama etrafฤฑndaki tรผm askerleri yรถnetmiลtir. Her ikisi de Osmanlฤฑโnฤฑn eski ihtiลamฤฑnฤฑ yeniden diriltmek ve yaลatmak ihtirasฤฑnฤฑ hiรง yitirmediler.
โTalat ve ฤฐTCโli arkadaลlarฤฑ, en geรง Abdรผlhamidโin ลubat 1918 ortasฤฑndaki cenaze tรถreninde รถnceden ลeytanlaลtฤฑrdฤฑklarฤฑ bu idarecinin mirasฤฑnฤฑ aรงฤฑkรงa kabul ettiler. ลaลฤฑrtฤฑcฤฑ bir ลekilde benzer devlet iktidarฤฑ mantฤฑฤฤฑna hizmet ettiklerini keลfettiler, sadece daha radikaldiler.โ (Kieser)
2010 yฤฑlฤฑndan sonra AKP eliyle yรผrรผtรผlen neo-Osmanlฤฑcฤฑlฤฑk โsรผreklilikโ vurgumuzun รงok tipik bir kanฤฑtlanฤฑลฤฑdฤฑr. ลahsileลtirilen iktidar, parti devleti, hukukun suiistimali, hamaset, komploculuk, gรผรง ve yozlaลmanฤฑn emperyal bir zihniyetle buluลmasฤฑ. Sadece Talat deฤil, Abdรผlhamid ve Talat her ikisi de AKPโ de modern bir biรงimde yaลฤฑyor. Coฤrafyamฤฑzda etno-dinsel seferberlik ve savaล hali Abdรผlhamit ve Talat zamanฤฑndaki gibi hala siyasetin ana belirleyicisidir. Gรถrรผnen o ki Tรผrk egemenlik sisteminde M. Kemal รงizgisi gรผรง kaybetmiล, Abdรผlhamit- Talat รงizgisi bir adฤฑm รถne geรงmiลtir.
Kieser bu sรผrekliliฤi ลu cรผmlesi ile รงok gรผzel ifade etmiล: โKemalizm ฤฐTC aลฤฑrฤฑlฤฑkรงฤฑ-lฤฑฤฤฑnฤฑn baลardฤฑklarฤฑndan istifade etmiล, bรถylelikle bu aลฤฑrฤฑlฤฑkรงฤฑlarla รถrtรผk bir biรงimde รถzdeลleลmiล, bunu yaparken iรงkin kรถtรผcรผlรผkle yรผzleลmemiลtirโ Abdรผlhamitโi deviren ฤฐTC ise aynฤฑ onun gibi imparatorluk geleneฤine saplantฤฑlฤฑ bir ลekilde baฤlฤฑydฤฑ. Onun 1895โde baลlattฤฑฤฤฑ Ermeni katliamlarฤฑnฤฑ 1915โ de nihayetine erdirdiler. Ayrฤฑca her ikisi de gรผnรผmรผzรผn soykฤฑrฤฑm temsilcisi Yahudi burjuvazisinin Filistinโde kendilerine bir โyurtโ edinmesini desteklediler.
AKP; Abdรผlhamit ile ฤฐTC nin birleลimidir. Neo-Osmanlฤฑcฤฑ aรงฤฑlฤฑmdฤฑr bu. M. Kemal tarihsel olarak kaybetmiลtir. Hem Laiklik anlamฤฑnda hem de Misak-ฤฑ Milli anlamฤฑnda kaybetmiลtir. TC, geรงmiลte โbataklฤฑkโ dediฤi Orta Doฤu baลta olmak รผzere artฤฑk kendi รผlke sฤฑnฤฑrlarฤฑnฤฑn รถtesinde yaลam alanlarฤฑna sahip bir devlettir. Laikliฤin โyฤฑlmaz bekรงisiโ TSK ise 15 Temmuzโdan sonra geรงirdiฤi sฤฑnฤฑfsal deฤiลimle tabanฤฑndaki โzinde kuvvetleriโ uzun yฤฑllar boyunca bastฤฑracak Tรผrkรงรผ-ฤฐslamcฤฑ-Ergenekoncu bir รงizgiye evirilmiลtir. โAraplar bizi hep arkadan vurmuลturโ ลeklindeki resmi tarih yazฤฑmฤฑ ise kรผl olup uรงmuล, Araplar Tรผrkiyeโdeki en ciddi mali oligarลiler iรงine girmiลlerdir. Yanฤฑ sฤฑra Karadenizโden Akdeniz ve Egeโye kadar รงok bรผyรผk turizm ve rant alanlarฤฑna sahip olmuลlardฤฑr.
Gรผnรผmรผzde sermaye sฤฑnฤฑflarฤฑ arasฤฑndaki รงeliลki, artฤฑk eskisi gibi yanฤฑltฤฑcฤฑ Laik-ฤฐslamcฤฑ รงeliลkisi olarak gรถsterilememektedir. รรผnkรผ รผlkede hem ฤฐslami burjuvazi devlet olanaklarฤฑyla serpilmiล hem de modern denilen sermaye รงevreleri ฤฐslami-faลist rejimle uyum iรงinde hareket etmeye baลlamฤฑลtฤฑr. Bu anlamda sekรผler ve ฤฐslami sermaye ayrฤฑmฤฑndan artฤฑk รงok sรถz edilemez. Aralarฤฑnda belirgin bir sฤฑnฤฑr yoktur. Keza โbatฤฑcฤฑ-modern-laikโ ฤฐstanbul sermayesi en bรผyรผk karlarฤฑnฤฑ bu hรผkรผmet dรถneminde gerรงekleลtirdi. รzellikle banka sermayesi rekor seviyelere ulaลtฤฑ. ฤฐstanbul burjuvazisi karลฤฑsฤฑnda Anadolu Kaplanlarฤฑ ve devlete sรผrekli kredi veren Arap sermayesi de keza รงok bรผyรผdรผ, ฤฐstanbullu kodamanlarla kafa kafaya gelmeye baลladฤฑ. Rรถnesans Holding gibi ilk olarak Rusyaโda bรผyรผyen inลaat devleri, hรผkรผmetten sรผrekli ihale alan ฤฐslami olmayan modern burjuvazinin temsilcileriydi. Bunun dฤฑลฤฑnda siyasi-ideolojik รงeliลkiden bahsedilecekse de bu, CHP gibi realist milliyetรงilikte ayak direyenlerle sรผrrealist milliyetรงiler arasฤฑndadฤฑr. Yani daha รงok Batฤฑ รงizgisinde teritoryal devlet sฤฑnฤฑrlarฤฑnฤฑn รถtesine รงฤฑkmak istemeyenlerle AKP gibi Batฤฑ ve Doฤuโyu aynฤฑ anda idare edip bรถlgesel emperyal role soyunanlar. Buna her dรถnem var olan devletteki tarihsel sรผrekliliฤin kendi iรงindeki รงeliลkisi de diyebiliriz. ฤฐslamโla baฤฤฑndan vazgeรงmeden bรถlgesel emperyal geniลleme peลinde koลanlar bir yanda, ฤฐslamโฤฑ ideolojik deฤil politik ve pragmatist temelde kullanan ve dฤฑล maceralardan uzak duralฤฑm diyen รงizgi diฤer yanda. Hegemonya ilk รงizgidedir. รmรข ลunu hiรง unutmamak gerekir: Bu iki รงizgi emekรงi ve devrimci kuvvetler sรถz konusu olduฤunda domuz topudur. รlkenin ve devletin geleceฤi konusunda ise birbirine gรผvenmeyen iki kumarbazฤฑn ortaklฤฑฤฤฑndan bahsedebiliriz.
Talat, 1874 yฤฑlฤฑnda Edirneโde โdaralan bir Avrupa Tรผrkiyeโsinde doฤduโ. (Kieser) Dรถnem Avrupaโda bir รงaฤฤฑn nerdeyse sonuna gelindiฤi hissiyatฤฑnฤฑ veren bir dรถnemdir. Dรผnya hฤฑzla etnik ulusรงuluฤun, ฤฐslamcฤฑlฤฑฤฤฑn, anti-semitizmin ve sosyal Darwinizmin bataklฤฑฤฤฑna doฤru yol almaktadฤฑr. Talat ve yaลฤฑtlarฤฑ Osmanlฤฑ Makedonyaโsฤฑnฤฑn 1913โde kaybedilmesi ve devletteki รงรผrรผme karลฤฑsฤฑnda kendilerini gรผvende hissetmeyen, imparatorluฤu eski kahramanlฤฑk gรผnlerine geri gรถtรผrmenin heyecanฤฑ ile kฤฑvranan bir kuลaktฤฑr. Hemen hepsi Abdรผlhamidโi despot, baฤnaz ve korkak bir sultan olarak gรถrรผyorlardฤฑ. Topraklarฤฑnฤฑ geri alan Bulgar, Sฤฑrp ve Yunan komitacฤฑlara mรผthiล รถykรผnรผyorlar, onlar gibi gรถzรผ kara birer vatanperver olmak istiyorlardฤฑ. Kafalarฤฑndaki komitacฤฑlฤฑk yรถntemiyle modern, merkeziyetรงi, tekรงi, etno-dinsel (Mรผslรผman Tรผrk) yeni bir devlet yaratmaktฤฑr.
Abdรผlhamidโi hakir gรถren Osmanlฤฑ Makedonyaโsฤฑnฤฑn milliyetรงilikle harmanlanmฤฑล genรงleri โJรถn Tรผrklerโ olarak anฤฑlmaya baลladฤฑktan kฤฑsa sรผre sonra รงok daha ciddi รถrgรผtlenmeler yarattฤฑlar. ฤฐdeolojik coลkunluklarฤฑnฤฑ artฤฑran faktรถr Ziya Gรถkalpโin โhรผrriyetโ ve โmemleketโ fikirleriyle tanฤฑลmalarฤฑ oldu. 1908 Jรถn Tรผrk devrimini gerรงekleลtirdiklerinde isim olarak ฤฐTCโyi benimsediler. 1908โde iktidarฤฑ ele geรงirdikten 1918โe kadar cemiyet gizliliฤini sรผrdรผrdรผ. Bu โmukaddes komiteโ dฤฑลarฤฑsฤฑ iรงin bir โkara kutuโ olmayฤฑ sรผrdรผrdรผ. Talat ve Makedonyalฤฑ iki Doktor, Nazฤฑm ve ลakir, Jรถn Tรผrk devriminin beyniydi. ฤฐktidara geldiklerinde Bulgaristan baฤฤฑmsฤฑzlฤฑฤฤฑnฤฑ ilan etmiล, Avusturya Bosna Hersekโi bรผnyesine katmฤฑล ve Girit Yunanistan ile birleลtiฤini duyurmuลtur. 1908โin getirdiฤi รถzgรผrlรผkler bir yana bu ciddi toprak kayฤฑplarฤฑ karลฤฑsฤฑnda kendisine baล hedef olarak daha fazla parรงalanmamayฤฑ koymuลtur.
Talat, 1909 yฤฑlฤฑnda ฤฐstanbulโdaki gerici-ฤฐslamcฤฑ ayaklanma sฤฑrasฤฑnda (31 Mart Vakasฤฑ) kendisini ve Dr. Nazฤฑmโฤฑ evlerinde saklayan Ermenileri (ARF/Ermeni Devrimci Federasyonu lideri Aknuni) ileride รงok fazla hatฤฑrlamak istemeyecektir. (Kieser) Ermeniler Talat ve Nazฤฑmโฤฑ saklarken, aynฤฑ tarihte Adanaโdan korkunรง haberler gelmektedir. Hem ฤฐstanbulโdaki ittifaktan habersiz olan ฤฐttihatรงฤฑlar hem de gerici ฤฐslamโฤฑn nรผfuz ettiฤi toplum kesimleri tarafฤฑndan 17.000 Ermeni รถldรผrรผlmรผลtรผr. ฤฐstanbulโda Ermenilerle birlikte gericilere karลฤฑ mรผcadele eden ฤฐTC, Adanaโda gericilerle birlik olup Ermenileri katletmiลtir. Konu meclise geldiฤinde Kieserโin anlatฤฑmฤฑyla โKatliamฤฑn ele alฤฑnฤฑลฤฑ tecavรผzรผ suรง olarak kabul etmek yerine kurbanฤฑn provokasyonunun altฤฑnฤฑ รงizenโ ziyadesiyle tanฤฑdฤฑk ลovenist bir tavrฤฑ รงaฤrฤฑลtฤฑrmaktadฤฑr.
1909 Adana katliamฤฑ sonrasฤฑ Haรงin (Saimbeyli) bรถlgesinde Ermeni yetimler. Kaynak: โ1915 รncesinde Osmanlฤฑ ฤฐmparatorluฤuโnda Ermenilerโ
Baba soylu, รงok eลli, erkek kardeลlerin katline fetva veren, ekonomisi fetihรงiliฤe ve รงifte vergilendirmeye dayanan, bรผrokrasisi devลirme sistemiyle yรผrรผyen Osmanlฤฑ monarลisi 16.yรผzyฤฑldan itibaren devlet aygฤฑtฤฑna katฤฑ bir Sรผnni ฤฐslamโฤฑ da dahil etmiลtir. Bรถylesi bir tarihsel gelenekten gelen imparatorluฤun gerileme dรถneminde Batฤฑ ile iliลkilerin sรผrdรผrรผlmesi ve devlet aygฤฑtฤฑnฤฑn yenilenmesi adฤฑna Osmanlฤฑ milletler sistemini โanayasal eลitlikleโ (eลitlikรงi รงoฤulculuk) tamamlamak istemesi baลarฤฑsฤฑz kalmฤฑลtฤฑr. Abdรผlhamit 1876โda ilan edilen yeni anayasayฤฑ (Kanun-i Esasi) 1878โde askฤฑya almฤฑลtฤฑr. Hemen akabinde 1877-78 onur kฤฑrฤฑcฤฑ Rus-Tรผrk savaลฤฑ (93 Harbi) sonucunda Rus ordusu neredeyse ฤฐstanbulโun kฤฑyฤฑsฤฑna kadar ulaลmฤฑลtฤฑr. Bu savaลta Osmanlฤฑ Kars, Batum ve Ardahanโฤฑ kaybetmiล. Rus Ordusuna 30 bin Osmanlฤฑ askerini esir vermiล, savaลtan kaรงan yรผzbinlerce muhacire Anadoluโda yeni yerleลimler bulmak zorunda kalmฤฑลtฤฑr.
Kanun-i Esasiโnin laฤvedilmesi ve aฤฤฑr Rus yenilgisi Abdรผlhamidโin โeลitlikรงi รงoฤulculuฤuโ bir kenara bฤฑrakฤฑp yeniden Panislamizmโe yรถnelmesinin dรถnรผm noktasฤฑ olmuลtur. Sarayฤฑn Anadolu halklarฤฑnฤฑ (Mรผslรผman ve Hฤฑristiyan) dฤฑลlayarak sadece ฤฐstanbulโu ve liman ลehirlerini kapsayan ve devletin idari, mรผlki ve askeri bรผrokrasisini esas alan batฤฑcฤฑ modernizm denemesi daha ilk aลamasฤฑnda baลarฤฑsฤฑz kalmฤฑลtฤฑr. ฤฐmparatorluk geleneฤi bรถylesi bir yenilenmeyi gerรงekleลtirecek geliลmiล bir siyasi-felsefi -toplumsal ve kรผltรผrel รผst yapฤฑdan yoksundur. Ekonomisini zaten ฤฐngiliz, Fransฤฑz ve Alman kapitalizmine teslim etmiลtir. Batฤฑcฤฑ siyasi reformlar daha รงok Avrupaโnฤฑn dฤฑล zorlamasฤฑyla emperyalizmin Osmanlฤฑ coฤrafyasฤฑnda รงok daha rahat hareket etmesi amacฤฑyla gรผndeme gelmiลtir. Bu reform giriลimleri hiรงbir zaman Osmanlฤฑ monarลisinin gรถnรผllรผlรผk temelinde, iรงine sindirerek kabul ettiฤi reformlar olmamฤฑลtฤฑr. Hele hele kendi halklarฤฑnฤฑn toplumsal geliลimi ve refahฤฑnda fayda saฤlayabileceฤi hiรง mi hiรง dรผลรผnรผlmemiลtir. ฤฐmparatorluฤu devลirme bรผrokrat ve askerlerle yรถneten Osmanlฤฑ, ilk darbeyi bu asimile gรผรงlerin mensubu olduklarฤฑ devletlerden yedi. Balkanlar! Balkan รผlkelerinin kaybฤฑnฤฑ, Rum ve Ermeni tehcirini geliลtiren kฤฑyamฤฑn miladฤฑ olarak gรถrmek gerekir.
Asฤฑl olarak baลta Avrupa olmak รผzere, dรผnyada geliลen yeni siyasi, ekonomik ve askeri geliลmelerden kopmamak ve imparatorluฤun gerilemesini durdurmak adฤฑna iรงine girilmek zorunda kalฤฑnan bir sรผreรง olmuลtur.
Yฤฑkฤฑlan imparatorluklar iรงinde Osmanlฤฑ kendi dรถneminin en direnรงlisi olmuลtur. Yฤฑkฤฑlฤฑลฤฑ bir tรผrlรผ kabullenmeyen, yฤฑkฤฑlฤฑrken kazandฤฑklarฤฑ kรผรงรผk zaferlere bile (Edirne!) bรผyรผk payeler biรงen, ulus-devlete yรถnelirken bile imparatorluk saplantฤฑsฤฑndan bir tรผrlรผ kurtulamayan sรผrrealist bir karaktere sahip olduฤunu sรถylemek gerekir. ฤฐTC liderliฤinin emperyalist doktrinlere sรผrekli zorluk รงฤฑkarmasฤฑ ve oyalamasฤฑnฤฑn nedeni elbette demokratik bir milliyetรงilikten ileri gelmiyordu; kendilerini de emperyal bir gรผรง olarak gรถrmeleri asฤฑl belirleyici nedendi. Emperyal bir gรผรงten daralan bir ulus devlete gerilemeyi hazmedememe, ฤฐTCโnin demokratik deฤil, intikamcฤฑ milliyetรงiliฤinin kaynaฤฤฑ olmuลtur. ฤฐTC politikalarฤฑyla รถylesine bir toplumsal hรผsran yarattฤฑ ki, kendi yaratmak istediฤinden รงok daha gรผรงlรผ bir milli nefretin doฤmasฤฑna neden oldu. Toplum savaลฤฑn, yoksulluฤun, aรงlฤฑฤฤฑn sorumlusunun ฤฐTC liderliฤi deฤil Hristiyan halklar olduฤunu belledi, onlarฤฑ hedef aldฤฑ.
Daha doฤduฤunda gรถzรผ hep Batฤฑโda olan ve giderek kendini Batฤฑโdan รผstรผn gรถren bir imparatorluฤun รงรถzรผlmeye baลlayan hukuki, siyasi, ekonomik ve askeri yapฤฑsฤฑnฤฑ yenilemek iรงin geรงmiลte kรผรงรผmsediฤi Batฤฑโya muhtaรง olmasฤฑ bรผyรผk bir krizin ve yeni arayฤฑลlarฤฑn asฤฑl nedenidir. รzellikle Balkanlarda kaybedilen topraklar henรผz yeni tanฤฑลtฤฑฤฤฑ ulusalcฤฑ fikirleri hฤฑzla ลoven bir karaktere bรผrรผndรผrmรผลtรผr. Zamanฤฑnda Anadoluโdaki Mรผslรผmanlarฤฑn fethedilen Rumeliโye yerleลtirilmesiyle โEvlad-ฤฑ Fatihanโ adฤฑ verilerek kutsallaลtฤฑrฤฑlan bu topraklarฤฑn kaybฤฑ, Jรถn Tรผrklerde saldฤฑrgan bir maฤduriyete ve intikam duygularฤฑna yol aรงmฤฑลtฤฑr.
Kieserโin anlatฤฑmฤฑyla Talatโฤฑn hayatฤฑnda en ilginรง olaylardan biri, 1903 yฤฑlฤฑnda Abdรผlhamitโi iktidardan dรผลรผrmek iรงin ฤฐngiltereโnin Selanik Konsolosluฤunda รงalฤฑลan Robert Graves isimli genรง bir diplomatla gรถrรผลmek istemeleridir. Diplomat anฤฑlarฤฑnda โโฆรผlkelerini tehdit eden gรผรงlรผkler karลฤฑsฤฑnda kendilerini รงaresiz hisseden ve izleyecekleri yol-yordam hususunda tavsiye almak isteyen kimi Tรผrk vatanperverlerden benimle mรผlakat yapmalarฤฑ yรถnรผnde gizemli bir rica aldฤฑm. Bunun bir tuzak olmadฤฑฤฤฑna kanaat getirdikten sonra bu insanlarla gizlice buluลmayฤฑ kabul ettimโ demektedir. (Kieser) Gรถrรผลmenin iรงeriฤini ise ลu ลekilde รถzetler. โAbdรผlhamidโe karลฤฑ isyan รถrgรผtleyeceklerini bunun iรงin yabancฤฑ รผlke desteฤine ihtiyaรง duyduklarฤฑnฤฑ, ancak bรถylesi bir iliลki iรงin hangi yรถntemi izleyeceklerini bilmediklerini sรถyledilerโ Bu gรถrรผลmenin olduฤu sฤฑralarda ฤฐรง Makedon Devrimci รrgรผtรผโnรผn (ฤฐMRO) Makedon รถzerkliฤi iรงin verdikleri militan mรผcadele Jรถn Tรผrk subaylarฤฑnฤฑ derinden etkiler. Abdรผlhamitโe karลฤฑ โesaslฤฑ bir devriminโ nasฤฑl olmasฤฑ gerektiฤi konusunda karลฤฑlarฤฑnda bizzat bastฤฑrmakta baลarฤฑsฤฑz kaldฤฑklarฤฑ canlฤฑ bir รถrnek vardฤฑr.
Tarihte imparatorluktan ulus devlete geรงiล yapan hiรงbir egemenlik kendi iรงinde yaลayan ulus, ulusal topluluk ve azฤฑnlฤฑklara Osmanlฤฑ-Tรผrk militarizmi kadar acฤฑmasฤฑz, zalimane davranmamฤฑลtฤฑr. Rum tehciri, Ermeni soykฤฑrฤฑmฤฑ ve Kรผrt asimilasyonu/tehciri ve katliamฤฑ, devleti devlet yapan tarihsel dรถnรผm noktalarฤฑ olmuลtur. 14 Kasฤฑm 1914โte โcihatโ ilan ederek birinci cihan harbine giren ฤฐTCโnin kendi halkฤฑna (Tรผrkler!) maliyeti ise, askere aldฤฑฤฤฑ 3 milyon askerden 1 milyonunun รถlmesi, yarฤฑm milyonunun firar etmesi ve 250 binin de esir dรผลmesiydi. Talatโฤฑn Rusyaโya yรถnelik denizden saldฤฑrmazdan รถnce, bunun karลฤฑlฤฑฤฤฑnda Almanlardan รถnce 2 milyon sonra 5 milyon Osmanlฤฑ lirasฤฑ aldฤฑฤฤฑnฤฑ teลkilat dฤฑลฤฑnda รงok az insan biliyordu. (Kieser)
Yeri gelmiลken aslฤฑnda ลรถyle bir yanฤฑlgฤฑ da var, Osmanlฤฑ imparatorluฤunda รผretim iliลkileri รงok zayฤฑftฤฑ, baฤฤฑmlฤฑ, yarฤฑ sรถmรผrge bir รผlkeydi o yรผzden cumhuriyet sonrasฤฑ kapitalizm devlet eliyle yukarฤฑdan aลaฤฤฑya ve รงok geรง geliลti denilmektedir. Bu sรถylemin nedeni tarฤฑm, sanayi, hizmetler ve bankacฤฑlฤฑkta egemen zรผmrelerin Avrupa burjuvazisi ve Hฤฑristiyan tefeci-tรผccar ve kapitalistlerden oluลmakta olmasฤฑ, Mรผslรผman Tรผrklerin daha รงok devlet memuriyeti ve tarฤฑmla uฤraลmฤฑล olmalarฤฑydฤฑ. Ancak ฤฐTC eliyle sermayenin Tรผrkleลtirilmesi sonrasฤฑnda mevcut รผretim iliลkilerinde kฤฑsmฤฑ bir zafiyet geliลse de Tรผrk ticaret burjuvazisi ve feodal aฤa ve aลiretler tarafฤฑndan ele geรงirilen tรผm makinalar, iลletmeler, tarฤฑm arazileri, fabrikalar, limanlar, madenler, demiryollarฤฑ dรผลรผnรผldรผฤรผnde โsahipliฤinโ deฤiลmesinin kapitalist geliลimi kendi iรง dinamiฤinden รงok fazla raydan รงฤฑkardฤฑฤฤฑ sรถylenemez. Hristiyanlarฤฑn ihraรง รผrรผnlerini pazarladฤฑฤฤฑ รผlkelerle baฤlantฤฑlar kesilse de sanayi imalatฤฑ, tarฤฑm รผretimi, kamu hizmetleri ve bankacฤฑlฤฑk iลlemleri devam etmiลtir. O yรผzden โdevlet eliyle oluลturulan burjuvaziโ sรถylemi gerรงeฤi tรผm yรถnleriyle aรงฤฑklamaktan uzaktฤฑr. Sermayenin Tรผrkifikasyonu ile zaten bir burjuva sฤฑnฤฑfฤฑ oluลmuลtu.
Kaldฤฑ ki o dรถnemde emperyalizmin sermaye ihracฤฑ ve Hฤฑristiyan kompradorlarฤฑn mali birikimi ve tarฤฑmsal-sanayi รผretimi sonucunda รงok ciddi bir kapitalist alt yapฤฑnฤฑn zaten var olduฤunu biliyoruz. Keza bu olmasaydฤฑ Kฤฑvฤฑlcฤฑmlฤฑโnฤฑn tespit ettiฤi gibi Tรผrkiye kapitalizmi hฤฑzlฤฑ bir ลekilde kฤฑsa sรผrede tekelci aลamasฤฑna yรผkselemezdi. Sadece ฤฐstanbul, ฤฐzmir, Trabzon, Beyrut, Selanik ve ฤฐskenderun limanlarฤฑ sermaye birikiminin, ithalat ve ihracatฤฑn baลlฤฑ baลฤฑna ciddi birer lokasyonlarฤฑydฤฑ. 1916 sonlarฤฑnda sadece รukurovaโda Ermenilerden gasp edilenlerin bir kฤฑsmฤฑ Talat Paลaโnฤฑn cep defterinde ลu ลekilde not edilmiลtir: 40.000โden รงok bina, 90.000 dรถnรผm รงiftlik arazisi ve 26 maden imtiyazฤฑ. รukurovaโnฤฑn Ermenilere ait pamuk endรผstrisi, Diyarbakฤฑrโฤฑn maden endรผstrisi hepsi โmilli iktisatโ politikasฤฑ doฤrultusunda millileลtirildi.
Anadoluโnun Hฤฑristiyan halklardan ve Tรผrk olmayan Mรผslรผmanlardan arฤฑndฤฑrฤฑlmasฤฑ ลeklinde geliลen bu โotarลik-totaliterโ devletleลme, zamana yayฤฑlmฤฑล dehลet verici bir devletleลmedir. Aลฤฑrฤฑlฤฑklar รงaฤฤฑnฤฑn prelรผtรผdรผr. Nazilerin Yahudi soykฤฑrฤฑmฤฑ 4 yฤฑl sรผrmรผลtรผ, Osmanlฤฑ-Tรผrk militarizmi ve sermayenin Tรผrkifikasyonu ise 1895โdeki Ermeni katliamlarฤฑndan 1938 Dersim isyanฤฑna kadar sรผrdรผ. Tam 43 yฤฑl!
Talat, ฤฐTCโ nin (ฤฐttihat Terakki Cemiyeti) โazametli lideriโ ve Balkan Savaลlarฤฑ sฤฑrasฤฑnda kurulan tek parti diktatรถrlรผฤรผnรผn รถnde gelen nazฤฑrฤฑydฤฑ. 1908โde ve 31 Mart ayaklanmasฤฑnฤฑn bastฤฑrฤฑlmasฤฑnda (1909) Ermenilerle ittifak siyaseti yรผrรผtmesine raฤmen, Birinci Cihan Harbiโnde zamanฤฑnda ittifak eylediฤi Ermenilerin Anadoluโdan sรผrgรผn ve imha edilmesinde gerรงek bir baล aktรถrdรผ. Emperyalist savaลฤฑn ikinci yarฤฑsฤฑnda sadrazamlฤฑk makamฤฑna oturdu.
Talat Paลa, imparatorluฤun yenilgisinden sonra Almanyaโya sฤฑฤฤฑnmฤฑล ve Mart 1921 yฤฑlฤฑnda Berlinโde, tehcirde ailesinden 85 kiลiyi kaybeden Erzincanlฤฑ Ermeni bir militan tarafฤฑndan (Soฤomon Tehliryan) soykฤฑrฤฑmฤฑn รถcรผnรผn alฤฑnmasฤฑ adฤฑna planlฤฑ bir suikast sonucu (Nemesis kod adlฤฑ operasyon) รถldรผrรผlmรผลtรผr. Alman mahkemesi ve jรผri รผyeleri Tehliryanโฤฑ yaptฤฑฤฤฑ savunma sonucu (โBen bu adamฤฑ รถldรผrdรผm ama ben bir katil deฤilimโ) suรงsuz bulmuล ve tahliye etmiลtir. Talatโฤฑn รถlรผmรผnรผn ardฤฑndan yakฤฑn bir Ermeni arkadaลฤฑ โรlkelerinin gerรงek menfaatlerinin farkฤฑnda olan Tรผrkler, bu eski bakanฤฑ iyi devlet adamlarฤฑ arasฤฑnda saymayacaklardฤฑrโ (Kieser) dese de Talatโฤฑn mezarฤฑ ฤฐnรถnรผ tarafฤฑndan Tรผrkiyeโye getirilmiลtir.
โTalatโฤฑn bรผyรผk bir devlet adamฤฑ, bir Tรผrk vatanperveri ve ortak ulusal eserin bir รถncรผsรผ olduฤuna dair siyasi seรงkinlerin olumlu fikir birliฤi, Atatรผrkโรผn รถlรผmรผnรผn ardฤฑndan yoฤunlaลtฤฑ. Naaลฤฑ 1943โte, ฤฐnรถnรผ ve Hitler hรผkรผmetlerinin ortak giriลimiyle, Berlinโden ฤฐstanbulโa gururla taลฤฑnฤฑp Abide-i Hรผrriyet Anฤฑtฤฑโnฤฑn yakฤฑnฤฑna gรถmรผldรผโ (Hans-Lukas Kฤฑeser)
Paramazโฤฑ idam eden ฤฐttihatรงฤฑlarla Suphiโyi รถldรผren Kemalistleri birleลtiren รงizgi, Anadoluโda Hฤฑristiyan halklardan arฤฑndฤฑrฤฑlmฤฑล ve Tรผrk olmayan Mรผslรผmanlarฤฑn (baลta Kรผrtler!) asimile edildiฤi bir Tรผrk devleti kurmaktฤฑ. Tรผrk milliyetรงiliฤi ve anti-komรผnizmle yoฤrulmuล bu รงizgi Tรผrkiyeโnin gelecek on yฤฑllarฤฑna da damgasฤฑnฤฑ vurmuลtur. M. Kemalโin รถlรผmรผnden sonra Talat Paลaโnฤฑn naaลฤฑ 1943โte Berlinโden Tรผrkiyeโye getirilmiลtir. Enver Paลaโnฤฑn naaล da 1996 yฤฑlฤฑnda Tacikistanโdan getirilmiล ve Talat Paลaโnฤฑn yanฤฑna defin edilmiลtir. TC gรถrรผlmektedir ki Enver ve Talatโฤฑn naaลlarฤฑnฤฑ Tรผrkiyeโye getirerek onlara sahip รงฤฑkmฤฑลtฤฑr. Bu sahip รงฤฑkฤฑล aynฤฑ zamanda baลta Ermeni jenosidi, tek parti diktatรถrlรผฤรผ, emperyal geniลleme hayalleri (distopik Turan รผlkรผsรผ) ve Alman emperyalizmiyle ittifak olmak รผzere, her iki paลanฤฑn gรถrรผล ve eylemlerine de sahip รงฤฑkmak anlamฤฑna gelmiลtir.
Kitabฤฑn temel iddialarฤฑndan biri Tรผrkiye Cumhuriyetiโnin deฤil ama Tรผrk ulus devletinin ilk kurucusunun Mehmet Talat Paลa olduฤudur. Kieser Talat iรงin โbir davayla evliโ, โimparatorluฤun oฤluโ , โkurucu babaโ ve dahasฤฑ โdavasฤฑyla tutkulu bir metres hayatฤฑ yaลayan adamโ demektedir. Solโun da รผzerinden atladฤฑฤฤฑ ya da gerekli รถnemi vermediฤi gayet ciddi, tarihsel sosyolojik bir tespit olduฤunu dรผลรผnรผyoruz. Sonuรงta devlet erkรขnฤฑ tarafฤฑndan รผzerinde Ermeni soykฤฑrฤฑmฤฑ lekesini taลฤฑyan bir liderin รงok aรงฤฑktan sahiplenilmesinden ziyade รถn plana รงฤฑkarฤฑlmadan sahiplenilmesi gayet anlaลฤฑlฤฑrdฤฑr. Sonuรงta M. Kemal hem Ziya Gรถkalpโin โmanevi evladฤฑโ hem de Talatโฤฑn kumandasฤฑ altฤฑnda gรถrev almฤฑล bir askerdir. ITC, TCโnin ilk รงekirdek รถrgรผtlenmesidir. M. Kemal ve diฤer paลalar bu รงekirdeฤin etrafฤฑnda dรถnen elektronlar olmuลlardฤฑr. Talat, hem ITC hem de Teลkilat-ฤฑ Mahsusa โda eลitler arasฤฑnda birinciydi. Enver Paลaโnฤฑn da รผzerindeydi. Kurtuluล savaลฤฑnda M. Kemal liderliฤinde รงarpฤฑลan subay โpaลa zรผmresi Enverโin deฤil, Talat Paลaโnฤฑn teลkilatlanmasฤฑ iรงinde yer alan askerlerdi. M. Kemal, Enverโin deฤil Talatโฤฑn askerlerini tercih etmiลtir. Cumhuriyetle birlikte ne sultanlฤฑk ve halifeliฤin kaldฤฑrฤฑlmasฤฑ ne de medeni kanunun getirilmesi, TCโnin bรผyรผk รถlรงรผde Talatโฤฑn attฤฑฤฤฑ zemin ve Gรถkalpโin fikirleri รผzerinde kurulduฤu gerรงeฤini deฤiลtirmez.
Birinci Cihan Harbiโnin รถn gรผnรผnde bir Belin gazetesine demeรง veren Talat โSavaลa neden girdik?โ sorusunu ลรถyle cevaplฤฑyordu: โBaฤฤฑmsฤฑzlฤฑฤฤฑmฤฑzฤฑ yeniden tesis etmek zorundaydฤฑk ve bunu en iyi ลekilde Almanlarฤฑn tarafฤฑnda olarak baลaracaฤฤฑmฤฑzdan emindikโ . Aynฤฑ zaman diliminde baลta Enver Paลa olmak รผzere, yรผksek rรผtbeli paลalar ve valilere Tรผrkiyeโnin savaลฤฑ kaybetmesi durumunda Doฤu Anadoluโda Rusyaโnฤฑn destekleyeceฤi bir โErmeni รzerkliฤi Heyulasฤฑnaโ vurgu yapฤฑyordu.
En gรผรงlรผnรผn hayatta kalmasฤฑnฤฑ รถngรถren Sosyal Darwinizme olan inanรง genel olarak Birinci Dรผnya Savaลฤฑโnda รถzel olarak da ITC mensuplarฤฑ iรงin รงok รถnemli bir motivasyon kaynaฤฤฑydฤฑ.
โ1912-1913โte Rumeli Tรผrkiyeโ sinin nerdeyse tamamฤฑnฤฑn kaybedilmesi, Talat ve arkadaลlarฤฑnฤฑ, yeni ortaya รงฤฑkmakta olan Tรผrk ulusalcฤฑlฤฑฤฤฑnฤฑn radikal partizanlarฤฑ haline getirmiลti. Bu yeni akฤฑm Osmanlฤฑโnฤฑn รงok milletli bir arada yaลamฤฑna yรถnelik bรผtรผn inanรงlarฤฑ kapฤฑ dฤฑลarฤฑ etti. Kรผรงรผk Asyaโnฤฑn bir โTรผrk Yurduโ olduฤunu iddia etti ve eล zamanlฤฑ olarak, Ziya Gรถkalpโin yayฤฑlmacฤฑ Turan gรถrรผลรผnรผ saplantฤฑ haline getirdiโ. Elbette bu โmuhterisโ hedeflere ancak bir savaล yoluyla ulaลฤฑlabilirdi. Ziya Gรถkalpโin mesihรงi Turan รผlkรผsรผyle birleลen Talatโฤฑn savaล makinasฤฑ 1914โรผn sonlarฤฑnda hรผsranla sonuรงlandฤฑysa da 1917 Ekim devrimiyle tekrar canlanmฤฑลtฤฑr.
โ20. yรผzyฤฑlฤฑn Ermeni araลtฤฑrmacฤฑlarฤฑ bir yana konacak olursa tarihรงiler tarafฤฑndan eksik deฤerlendirilen ve neredeyse gรถz ardฤฑ edilen Talat-Gรถkalp ittifakฤฑ geรง Osmanlฤฑ Ortadoฤuโsunun bir kฤฑrฤฑlma niteliฤini taลฤฑyan parรงalanฤฑลฤฑnda รงok รถnemli bir rol oynamฤฑลtฤฑr.โ รnceleri Amerikan federalizmine sempati duyan Gรถkalpโin yeni fikirleri รถzellikle Almanlar tarafฤฑndan โTรผrk ulusalcฤฑlฤฑฤฤฑnฤฑn dรถnรผลtรผrรผcรผ siyasal dรผลรผncesiโ olarak bรผyรผk takdir toplamฤฑลtฤฑr. Bรถylelikle Osmanlฤฑ anayasacฤฑlฤฑฤฤฑnฤฑn rฤฑzaya dayalฤฑ, รงoฤulcu milletler anlayฤฑลฤฑnฤฑn zayฤฑf tohumlarฤฑnฤฑ da bu ittifakla bir daha geri getirilemeyecek ลekilde yok etmiล olunuyordu. Gรถkalp Tรผrk milliyetรงiliฤinin fikir babasฤฑ, Talat ise Tรผrk ulus devletini inลa eden politik bir lider olarak tarihteki yerlerini aldฤฑlar. Talat ve Gรถkalp emperyal yรถnelimliydiler. Her ikisi de 20.yรผzyฤฑlฤฑn ilk รงeyreฤinde รงoฤu politik รงaฤdaลlarฤฑ gibi, โzamanฤฑn ruhuโ Sosyal Darwinizmle kuvvetli baฤlara sahip ama aynฤฑ zamanda ฤฐslamโฤฑn ahlaki ve kรผltรผrel gรผcรผnรผ derinden benimsiyorlardฤฑ.
Kieserโin anlatฤฑmฤฑyla; Diyarbakฤฑr doฤumlu Ziya Gรถkalp 1911 yฤฑlฤฑnda kendisine โgรถkyรผzรผnรผn savaลรงฤฑsฤฑโ anlamฤฑna gelen โGรถk-Alpโ takma adฤฑnฤฑ verdi.1912 yฤฑlฤฑnda merkez komitenin isteฤiyle ฤฐstanbulโa taลฤฑndฤฑ. รnceleri โOsmanlฤฑ Amerikasฤฑโ (Anayasal bir federalizm) hayali olan Gรถkalp kฤฑsa sรผrede Tรผrkรงรผ emperyal bir รงizgiye geรงti, โMesiyanikโ bir Turancฤฑlฤฑฤฤฑn savunucusu oldu. Ziyaโyฤฑ genรงliฤinde etkisi altฤฑna alan iki kiลi vardฤฑr. Biri ฤฐTCโnin de kurucularฤฑndan olan geรงici olarak Diyarbakฤฑrโa gรถnderilmiล Dr. Abdullah Cevdet diฤeri ise Rum asฤฑllฤฑ ateist Lise รถฤretmenidir. Ailesi ve รงevresinden aldฤฑฤฤฑ gelenekler ve dini inanรง ile รถฤretmeninin fikirleri arasฤฑnda sฤฑkฤฑลฤฑp kaldฤฑฤฤฑ, bocaladฤฑฤฤฑ bir dรถnemde psikolojik bir รงฤฑkmaza girmiล ve kendisini kafasฤฑndan vurmuล ama hayatta kalmฤฑลtฤฑr.
Gรถkalp 1922โdeki geรงmiล hayatฤฑna yรถnelik anlatฤฑmฤฑnda kendisini intihara sevk eden dรถnemsel kafa karฤฑลฤฑklฤฑฤฤฑnฤฑ nasฤฑl รงรถzdรผฤรผ anlatฤฑr. Kendisini iyileลtirenin โmilletโ ve โhรผrriyetโ hakikati olduฤunu ifade eder. Kieser ile devam edelim:
โ1913 baลlarฤฑnda yazฤฑlan ve โKฤฑzฤฑlelmaโ baลlฤฑฤฤฑnฤฑ taลฤฑyan bir epik ลiirde Gรถkalp intihar konusuna geri dรถner, eski ลahsi ฤฑstฤฑrabฤฑnฤฑ Tรผrklรผฤรผn bรผtรผnรผnรผn ฤฑstฤฑrabฤฑnฤฑn bir metaforu olarak kullanฤฑr. Bir fetih nesnesini ifade eden eski bir Tรผrk sembolรผ olan Kฤฑzฤฑlelmaโyฤฑ varoluลsal kederini yaลayan Tรผrklรผฤรผn ลifasฤฑ olarak yeniden yorumlarโ
Burada Gรถkalpโin nasyonal sosyalizme de kaynaklฤฑk eden Alman romantizmi ve idealizmiyle kurduฤu ideolojik yakฤฑnlฤฑฤฤฑ hemen gรถrebiliyoruz. Genรงliฤinde yaลadฤฑฤฤฑ trajedinin bir benzerini Tรผrklรผฤรผn de yaลadฤฑฤฤฑnฤฑ ifade ediyor. Gรถkalpโin ฤฑstฤฑrabฤฑ Tรผrklรผฤรผn o gรผnlerde yaลadฤฑฤฤฑ ฤฑstฤฑrabฤฑn neredeyse aynฤฑsฤฑdฤฑr. Tรผrklรผk de onun gibi bilim ve din arasฤฑnda ya da Avrupa ile Osmanlฤฑ fetihรงi kรผltรผrรผ arasฤฑnda kalmฤฑลtฤฑr. O nasฤฑl ki bu ฤฑstฤฑraptan millet ve hรผrriyet aลkฤฑ ile รงฤฑktฤฑysa Tรผrklรผk te รถyle รงฤฑkacaktฤฑr! Tรผrklรผฤรผn ฤฑstฤฑrabฤฑnฤฑn ลifasฤฑ o epik ลiirdeki โKฤฑzฤฑlelmaโdฤฑrโ! โVaroluลsal kederini yaลayan Tรผrklรผktenโ bahsederken Tรผrklรผฤรผ tarih boyunca hiรง hak etmediฤi hile, desise ve oyunlarla adeta gadre uฤramฤฑล bir halk olarak gรถsteriyor. โAnadolu Gรถkalpโin gรถzรผnde Tรผrklรผฤรผn geleceฤi iรงin gerekli ama kรผรงรผk bir รถn koลulduโ (Kieser) Onun kalbinde asฤฑl yer tutan neo-emperyal bir geniลlemeydi. Bu Turan รผlkรผsรผydรผ. Kieserโin yalฤฑn anlatฤฑmฤฑyla Ziya Gรถkalpโi ta buralara getiren baลlangฤฑรง noktasฤฑnฤฑn kendi ลahsi ฤฑstฤฑrabฤฑ olduฤunu รถฤrenmek gayet ilgi รงekicidir. Bu arada Kฤฑzฤฑlelma ลiirindeki bir mฤฑsra โHalk bahรงe biz bahรงฤฑvanฤฑzโdฤฑr. Yani toplum iลlenmeli ve yaban otlarฤฑndan ( Ermeniler, Kรผrtler, Rumlar, Ezdiler, Sรผryaniler) arฤฑndฤฑrฤฑlmalฤฑdฤฑr! ฤฐTC Gรถkalpโin fikirleriyle Osmanlฤฑ-Tรผrk toplumunun adeta yeni Mesihi ilan edilmiลtir. Gรถkalpโin batฤฑ karลฤฑtฤฑ ฤฐslamcฤฑ-Tรผrkรงรผ fikirleri Talatโฤฑn Hristiyan karลฤฑtฤฑ รงeteciliฤiyle birleลmiลtir. Topluma da nรผfuz eden bu devlet ideolojisi Tรผrkiyeโnin gelecek yรผz yฤฑlฤฑna da damgasฤฑnฤฑ vuracaktฤฑr.
Birinci Balkan Harbi yenilgisinden sonra iktidarฤฑ bฤฑrakan ama yakinen gรถzlemeye devam eden ฤฐTC, 23 Ocak 1913 โde 17 kiลi ile Babฤฑaliโyi basarak hรผkรผmeti yeniden ele geรงirmiลtir. Balkan yenilgilerinin รถzellikle Edirne ve Egeโdeki Adalarฤฑn kaybฤฑnฤฑn faturasฤฑnฤฑ geรงmiล Kamil Paลa hรผkรผmetine รงฤฑkararak darbeyi meลrulaลtฤฑrmฤฑล ve iktidara sรถzรผm ona โhalkฤฑn isteฤiyleโ geldiklerini iddia etmiลlerdir. Talat iรงin bu kendi ihtiraslarฤฑna tรผm รผlkeyi ortak etmek iรงin yeni bir fฤฑrsattฤฑ. Kieser ฤฐTCโyi yeniden iktidara getiren ll. Balkan Savaลฤฑ yenilgisini, โTรผrklerin keder ve kasvetine tanฤฑklฤฑk etmek zor. ฤฐรง karartฤฑcฤฑ bir ลaลkฤฑnlฤฑkla baลlarฤฑnฤฑ รถne eฤip neler olduฤunu kendilerine soruyorlar. Bu kรถtรผ bir rรผya, bir kรขbus, bir imkรขnsฤฑzlฤฑkโ diye kaydetmektedir. ฤฐstanbul sokaklarฤฑ on binlerce yaralฤฑ asker ve muhacirle doludur. Kolera hฤฑzla yayฤฑlmฤฑล ve Kฤฑzฤฑlhaรง 50 bin yatak temin etmiลtir.
โTalat, Allah adฤฑna ant iรงerim ki 80 bin Tรผrk ลehidi Edirneโyle รatalca arasฤฑndaki topraklarฤฑ รถrtecek olsa bile, Edirneโden vazgeรงmektense yiฤitรงe รถlรผmรผ tercih ederizโ (Kieser) derken, Osmanlฤฑ-Tรผrk gururunu gรถklere รงฤฑkaran yeni bir milliyetรงi sรถylemi tedavรผle soktuฤunun รงok farkฤฑnda deฤildi. Toplum uzunca bir sรผredir bรถylesi bir gurur aลฤฑsฤฑnฤฑn รถzlemini รงekiyordu. Oysa toplum bilmiyordu ki, โฤฐTCโnin vatanperverliฤi รถlรผmcรผl bir biรงimde yรผzbinlerce hayatฤฑ sรถndรผren bir vatanperverlik olacaktฤฑ!โ (Kieser)
Sadrazamlฤฑฤa getirilen Mahmut ลevket Paลaโnฤฑn 11 Haziran 1913โde suikaste kurban gitmesi ฤฐTCโnin muhalefeti bastฤฑrmasฤฑna vesile olmuลtur. Said Halim Paลa yeni sadrazam yapฤฑlฤฑrken, Prens Sabahattin ve รงevresi ฤฐstanbulโdan kaรงmayฤฑ tercih etmiลlerdir
Bu dรถnem Talatโฤฑn hem partiyi hem de devleti konsolide etmek iรงin bir zafere ihtiyacฤฑnฤฑn olduฤu bir dรถnemdir. Edirneโnin yeniden ele geรงirilmesinin bu ihtiyacฤฑ karลฤฑlayabilecek en iyi hedef olduฤuna arkadaลlarฤฑnฤฑ ikna eden Talat, askeri harekรขt iรงin gerekli olan parayฤฑ da Reji โye (Tรผtรผn fabrikasฤฑ) 15 yฤฑl daha imtiyaz hakkฤฑ tanฤฑyarak onlardan almฤฑลtฤฑr. Enver Paลaโnฤฑn รถncรผlรผฤรผnde nerdeyse savaลmaksฤฑzฤฑn Edirneโnin geri alฤฑnฤฑลฤฑ imparatorluฤu saplantฤฑ haline getirmiล olan ฤฐTC โnin halk nezdinde itibarฤฑnฤฑ artฤฑran bir olay oldu.
โEdirneโnin yeniden ele geรงiriliลi yeni bir ulusal kurtuluล tarihinin baลlangฤฑรง noktasฤฑ haline geldi. Atatรผrk de 1930โda Edirneโyi ziyaretinde kendini bu tarihe yerleลtirecek, bรถylece, 1913โde hรผkรผm sรผren ฤฐslamcฤฑ-Osmanlฤฑcฤฑ teลekkรผlรผn altฤฑnฤฑ รงizmese bile, sembolik olarak kendini Talatโla aynฤฑ eksene koyacaktฤฑrโ (Kieser) ฤฐลte bu yรผzden bazฤฑ Kemalist tarihรงiler Tรผrk kurtuluล savaลฤฑnฤฑ Edirneโnin geri alฤฑnmasฤฑyla 1913โten itibaren baลlatฤฑrlar.
Talat cihan harbinin รถn gรผnlerinde ilk โtemizlik harekรขtฤฑnฤฑโ Haziran 1914โde 200.000โden fazla Osmanlฤฑ vatandaลฤฑ Ortodoks Hฤฑristiyan Rumโun ฤฐzmir ve civarฤฑndan yakฤฑndaki adalara ve Yunanistanโa sรผrerek gerรงekleลtirdi. Mebรปsan Meclisinde Rumlarฤฑn topraklarฤฑnฤฑ, evlerini โkendi iradeleriyle bฤฑrakฤฑp gittiฤiniโ รงรผnkรผ Mรผslรผman Tรผrklerin artฤฑk onlarla alฤฑลveriลi kestiฤini, mallarฤฑnฤฑ boykot ettiฤini, รถne sรผrรผyordu!
Talatโฤฑn sรผrgรผn iรงin gรถrevlendirdiฤi kiลi ฤฐTCโnin sadฤฑk mensuplarฤฑndan Mahmut Celal Bayarโdฤฑr. Talatโฤฑn altฤฑnda รงalฤฑลan kimi baลka memur ve askerle birlikte Celal Bayar, Kemalist hรผkรผmetle sรผrekliliฤi temsil etmiลtir. Bugรผn hala โgรขvur ฤฐzmirโ olarak telakki edilen ฤฐzmir o gรผnlerde de Hฤฑristiyan zenginlerinden dolayฤฑ โgayri milliโ ve โhainโ olarak damgalanmฤฑลtฤฑr. Celal Bayar ve Egeโnin ฤฐttihatรงฤฑ vali ve kaymakamlarฤฑ her toplantฤฑda โRumlarฤฑn olmadฤฑฤฤฑ bir gelecektenโ bahsedip duruyorlardฤฑ. Egeli Rumlar Venizelosโun โMegalo ฤฐdeasฤฑโ ile Talatโฤฑn Pantรผrkizmi arasฤฑnda sฤฑkฤฑลmฤฑล, Yunan burjuvazisinin Helenizm fikirleri ฤฐTCโnin tehcir planฤฑnฤฑ devreye koymasฤฑna bir gerekรงe olmuลtur. Kieser, โEgeli Rumlarฤฑn tehciri dehลetli bir baลarฤฑydฤฑโ der. ฤฐลin aslฤฑ Rumlar resmen yรผzlerce yฤฑllฤฑk topraklarฤฑndan kovulmuลlardฤฑr. Hiรงbir direniลte bulunmadฤฑlar, hiรง bir kargaลa รงฤฑkarmadฤฑlar. ฤฐTC hem Edirneโde hem de Egeโde gerรงekleลtirdiฤi bu nรผfus mรผhendisliฤi ile Avrupaโda yรผkselen ulusalcฤฑlฤฑklara รถncรผlรผk etmiลtir.
Savaล sรผrecinde Kafkaslardan Sรผveyล kanalฤฑna kadar birรงok cephede bozguna uฤrayan ฤฐTCโnin moralini yรผkselten tek olay, 18 Martโta รanakkaleโde alฤฑnan galibiyet oldu. Bu, aynฤฑ bรผyรผk Balkan yenilgisinden sonra Edirneโnin geri alฤฑnmasฤฑndan sonra yaลanan sevincin bir benzeriydi. Cephe cephe alฤฑnan onca maฤlubiyete raฤmen รanakkale zaferi ฤฐTC iรงinde var olan ลoven duygularฤฑ alabildiฤine kรถpรผrttรผ.
24 Nisan 1915โde Ermeni sorununu โkรถkรผnden kazฤฑmayaโ karar verdi. Ermeni seรงkinlerinin tutuklanmasฤฑ ile baลlanacak, sonrasฤฑnda Ermeni halkฤฑ topyekรปn Suriye รงรถllerine sรผrรผlecekti. ITC her ne kadar Ermenilerin Batฤฑlฤฑ gรผรงler iรงinde destek bulmasฤฑnฤฑ ( ki onlar da sonradan Ermenileri yalnฤฑz bฤฑrakacaktฤฑr) bir ihanet olarak deฤerlendirse de bu Ermenilerin sรผrgรผn ve soykฤฑrฤฑmฤฑ iรงin kesinlikle geรงerli bir mazeret deฤildir. 1908- 1915 arasฤฑndaki ekonomik-siyasi krizden รงฤฑkmanฤฑn ve bir ulus-devlet kurmanฤฑn tek yolunun Ermenilerin Anadoluโdan รงฤฑkarฤฑlmasฤฑ olduฤunu dรผลรผnรผyorlardฤฑ. Kaldฤฑ ki Avrupaโnฤฑn Ermeniler iรงin รงฤฑkarฤฑlmasฤฑ gereken reformlar konusunda onlarla mutabฤฑk kalanlar da bizzat kendileriydi. Talat Ermeni meselesini Tรผrkiye Ermenileriyle sฤฑk sฤฑk gรถrรผลen birisiydi. Madem รถyle, Ermeni meselesini Avrupaโnฤฑn baskฤฑlarฤฑyla deฤil Tรผrkiye Ermenileri ve Rusya ile halletmek iรงin neden elinden gelen รงabayฤฑ gรถstermedi?
โTalat, Nisan 1915โden baลlayarak Ermeni karลฤฑtฤฑ politikayฤฑ baลlฤฑca รผรง aลamada tertipledi ve koordine etti. (1) Nisan ve Mayฤฑs 1915โde siyasi, dini ve entelektรผel Ermeni รถnderlerin รผlke รงapฤฑnda yakalanmasฤฑ; (2) bahar sonlarฤฑndan sonbahara kadar, Anadolu ve Rumeliโdeki Ermeni nรผfusun Halepโin doฤusundaki Suriye รงรถllerindeki kamplara sรผrรผlmesi; (3) Kamplara sรผrรผlenlerin รงoฤunun aรงlฤฑktan รถlmesi ve 1916โda kamplarda hala saฤ kalanlarฤฑn nihai katliama uฤratฤฑlmasฤฑ. Talat bu sรผre zarfฤฑnda katliamdan kurtulmak iรงin iyi Tรผrk komลularฤฑn tavsiyesiyle dini kimliฤini deฤiลtirip Kelime-i ลehadet getiren kimi Ermeni gruplarฤฑn bu hamlesini de engelleme giriลiminde bulundu. ฤฐslamโa geรงen bir Ermeni, Mรผslรผman bir Ermeni olarak defnedilecekti! Talatโฤฑn mutlak politikasฤฑ Ermeni ฤฑrkฤฑnฤฑ Tรผrk ฤฐmparatorluฤundan kazฤฑmaktฤฑโ (Kieser)
โฤฐmha ve soygun Diyarbakฤฑrโฤฑn Sรผryani Hristiyanlarฤฑnฤฑn da yarฤฑdan fazlasฤฑnฤฑ vurdu. Aynฤฑ ลey, Haziran 1915 ortasฤฑnda Bitlis vilayetindeki on binlerce Sรผryani de yaลadฤฑ. Hakkรขri de dรขhil olmak รผzere tamamฤฑ hesaba katฤฑldฤฑฤฤฑnda, yaklaลฤฑk olarak 250.000 kiลi โSeyfoโnun (Sรผryani Soykฤฑrฤฑmฤฑ) kurbanlarฤฑ olarak hayatฤฑnฤฑ kaybettiโ (Kieser)
โBรถylelikle Doฤuโdaki Ermeni ve Sรผryani Hristiyanlarฤฑn รงoฤunluฤu 1915 bahar ve sonbaharฤฑ arasฤฑnda ya katledildiler ya da tehcir edildiler. Bรผtรผn Ermeni mal varlฤฑฤฤฑ devlete veyahut Mรผslรผman nรผfusa geรงti. Kรผltรผrleri, dilleri ve dinleri de iรงinde olmak รผzere Ermeni varlฤฑฤฤฑ ortadan kalktฤฑ. Temmuz 1915โe gelindiฤinde, ฤฐstanbulโdakiler hariรง bรผtรผn Ermeni gazeteleri yasaklanmฤฑล ve Doฤuโda kalan Ermenice konuลan insanlar da bรผtรผn iletiลimlerinde sadece Tรผrkรงe kullanmak zorundaydฤฑlarโ (Kieser)
Tehcir Kanunu dรถnemin resmi gazetesi Takvim-i Vekayiโ de 1 Haziran 1915โde yayฤฑnlanฤฑr. Orduya Ermenilerin ismi zikredilmeden โbรผtรผn muhalif hareketleri bastฤฑrmaโ, โkรถy ve kasaba halklarฤฑnฤฑ baลka yerlere sevk ve iskรขn ettirmeโ emri verilir. ฤฐtilaf devletleri bu hamle karลฤฑsฤฑnda Talat ve kabinesine o dรถnemde ilk kez kullanฤฑlan โinsanlฤฑฤa karลฤฑ suรงlardanโ bahseden ve bu hukuksal ilkenin รงiฤnenmesinden dolayฤฑ sorumlu tutulacaklarฤฑna dair (Kieser) bir metin gรถnderirler. Oysa Talat sรผrgรผn planฤฑnฤฑ resmi gazetede yayฤฑnlanmadan รถnce baลlatmฤฑลtฤฑr. Erzurum, Van ve Bitlis valilerine Mayฤฑs ayฤฑnda รงektiฤi telgraflarda tehcirin startฤฑnฤฑ รงoktan vermiล, boลaltฤฑlan kรถy ve kasabalara Balkanlardan gรถรงertilen Mรผslรผman muhacirlerin yerleลtirilmesi emrini vermiลtir. Almanlarla savaล ittifakฤฑ iรงinde olan Talat tehcir kararฤฑnฤฑ Enver aracฤฑlฤฑฤฤฑyla Almanlara da bildirir. Kieserโin anlatฤฑmฤฑyla Enver Alman bรผyรผkelรงisinden mevzu รงok รถnemsizmiลรงesine โayaklanma merkezlerinden birkaรง huzur bozucu ailenin tahliyesiโ iรงin anlayฤฑล ve destek ister. Yanฤฑ sฤฑra birkaรง Ermeni Okulu ve gazetesi de kapatฤฑlacaktฤฑr! Soykฤฑrฤฑm giriลiminin Alman dostlara anlatฤฑmฤฑ iลte bu ลekilde oldukรงa tiyatraldi. ฤฐstanbul Ermeniler โin temsilcilerinden Talatโฤฑn da dostu olan Krikor Zohrap, Ermeni karลฤฑtฤฑ politikalar ve tutuklamalar hakkฤฑnda Talat ile gรถrรผลmek istediฤinde kovulmaktan beter edilir. Bir gรผn sonra o da Talatโฤฑn emriyle tutuklanarak Diyarbakฤฑrโ a sรผrgรผn edilmekten kurtulamaz. Ancak yolda โbilinmeyenโ รงeteler tarafฤฑndan รถldรผrรผlรผr. 15 Haziran 1915โde, tehcir kanunundan iki hafta sonra Sosyal Demokrat Hฤฑnรงak Partisi รผyesi Paramaz ve 19 yoldaลฤฑ Sultanahmet meydanฤฑnda idam edilir. (Paramazโฤฑn mahkeme savunmalarฤฑnฤฑ Mustafa Suphi ile ilgili makalemizde bulabilirsiniz.)
Talat, 31 Mart 1909 yฤฑlฤฑnda ฤฐstanbulโdaki gerici-ฤฐslamcฤฑ ayaklanma sฤฑrasฤฑnda kendisini ve Dr. Nazฤฑmโฤฑ evlerinde saklayan Ermenileri (ARF/Ermeni Devrimci Federasyonu lideri Aknuni) รงok kolay unutmuลtur. Ermeniler Talat ve Nazฤฑmโฤฑ saklarken aynฤฑ tarihte Adanaโdan korkunรง haberler gelmektedir. 17.000 Ermeni รถldรผrรผlmรผลtรผr.
Haziran ortasฤฑnda Musulโdaki Alman konsolos ฤฐstanbulโdaki bรผyรผkelรงiye (Wangenheim) รงektiฤi telgrafta โDicle nehri รผzerinde รงok sayฤฑda ceset ve kesilmiล vรผcut parรงalarฤฑ yรผzรผyorโ diye yazdฤฑฤฤฑnda bรผyรผkelรงi Enver ile yaptฤฑฤฤฑ diyalogdan bรผyรผk piลmanlฤฑk duymuล, ancak artฤฑk รงok geรงtir. Derhal Talatโฤฑ arayarak gรถrรผลtรผฤรผnde ise aldฤฑฤฤฑ cevap ลudur: โSizin iรงin daha saฤlam mรผttefik olmak adฤฑna kendimizi Ermenilerden รถzgรผrleลtiriyoruz, dรขhili bir dรผลmanฤฑn yarattฤฑฤฤฑ zafiyetten kurtuluyoruzโ (Kieser) Enverโin ฤฐstanbulโdaki Alman dostlarฤฑ ise katliamlar iรงin โKalpsizce ama faydalฤฑโ diyorlardฤฑ. Alman emperyalizmi Ermeni soykฤฑrฤฑmฤฑndan kendini her ne kadar uzak tutma gayreti iรงinde olsa da รงok aรงฤฑk ki gรถz yummuลtur. Dolaylฤฑ bir suรง ortaklฤฑฤฤฑ iรงinde olmuลtur. Almanlar Tรผrkiyeโnin Avrupa ve Batฤฑ Asyaโda Alman hegemonyasฤฑnฤฑn kapฤฑsฤฑnฤฑ aรงacaฤฤฑ fikrini benimsedikleri iรงin bu mezalime gรถz yumuyorlardฤฑ.
Enverโin yakฤฑn dostu Alman deniz ataลesi Hans Humann ลรถyle diyordu: โErmeniler Osmanlฤฑlฤฑklarฤฑna sadakatsiz olduklarฤฑnฤฑ gรถstermiลler ve Doฤuโda bulunmuล olan herkes iki ฤฑrkฤฑn beraber yaลayamayacaฤฤฑnฤฑn, daha zayฤฑf olanฤฑn boyun eฤmek durumunda olacaฤฤฑnฤฑn ayฤฑrdฤฑnda olmalฤฑdฤฑr. Gรผvenlik aรงฤฑsฤฑndan Tรผrkler Ermenileri ortadan kaldฤฑrmakta bรผtรผnรผyle haklฤฑydฤฑlarโ (Kieser) ฤฐstanbul ve Anadoluโda cihan harbinde gรถrev alan Alman subaylarฤฑn รงoฤu Hans Humann gibi tiplerdi. ฤฐTCโnin fikirlerini savunuyor ama ortak sorumluluk almaktan kaรงฤฑnฤฑyorlardฤฑ. Talat Enverโ e โErmeniler konusunda ลimdiye kadar Almanlardan hiรงbir itiraz vuku bulmadฤฑโ diye yazmaktadฤฑr. Almanya-ฤฐTC iliลkisinde Talat ve ekibinin pasif-edilgen olduฤu kesinlikle sรถylenemez. Bu savaล ittifakฤฑnฤฑ Almanlardan รงok ฤฐTC istemiลtir. ฤฐลin aslฤฑ, Talat ve Enver ลahsฤฑndaki liderlik kรผltรผ Almanlar aรงฤฑsฤฑndan bir ilham kaynaฤฤฑ olmuลtur. Para ve silah Almanlardaydฤฑ ama ideolojik coลku, strateji ve diplomaside ฤฐTC liderliฤi Almanlara taล รงฤฑkartacak cinstendi. Alman ve Avusturya-Macaristan basฤฑnฤฑ Enver ve Talatโฤฑ yere gรถฤe sฤฑฤdฤฑramayan haberlerle doluydu (Kieser) Alman emperyalizmi ฤฐTCโnin ihtiraslฤฑ yฤฑkฤฑcฤฑlฤฑฤฤฑ ile bรผyรผlenmiล gibiydi. ฤฐTCโnin seรงkinleri ile Almanyaโnฤฑn Wilhemci seรงkinleri aynฤฑ emperyal kibir iรงindeydiler. โGerรงekte Gรถkalpโin 1918 baลlarฤฑndaki risaleleri Avrupa faลizmi iรงin birer ลablon รถzelliฤi taลฤฑmaktadฤฑrโ (Kieser)
Soykฤฑrฤฑm sonrasฤฑ sonbahara doฤru Ziya Gรถkalp Tanin gazetesinde Talat iรงin โSen Nuhโsun / Sen olmasan รถksรผz kalฤฑr bu milletโ diye methiyeler dรผzerken, Alman basฤฑnฤฑ da aynฤฑ ลekilde Talatโฤฑn liderliฤini รถvgรผyle selamlฤฑyordu. (Kieser) Alman askeri misyonunun baลฤฑnda bulunan Liman Von Sanders, โHiรง kimse onun kiลiliฤinin sempatik ve รงekici bรผyรผsรผnden kurtulamฤฑyorโ diye itiraf ediyordu.
ฤฐTC saฤ kanat ulusalcฤฑlฤฑฤฤฑ ve nรผfus mรผhendisliฤinde Almanlarฤฑn รงok รถnรผndeydi. ฤฐTC sฤฑnฤฑf mรผcadelelerine โetno-dinselโ karakter veren liberalizm karลฤฑtฤฑ modern saฤ kanat tedhiลรงiliฤinin Avrupaโdaki รถncรผsรผydรผ. Berlinโin ฤฐTCโnin kitlesel suรงlarฤฑna gรถz yummasฤฑnฤฑn gerรงek nedeni buydu. Talatโฤฑn โรผรง benzemezโi, Osmanlฤฑ emperyal miti, Tรผrk milliyetรงiliฤi ve Avrupa medeniyetini harmanlama tarzฤฑ takdir-e ลayan bulunuyordu.
Almanyaโnฤฑn yenilgisi, Rusyaโda devrim ve Mezopotamyaโnฤฑn da kaybedilmesi 1921 baลlarฤฑnda Talatโฤฑ ister istemez ฤฐngilizlere yaklaลtฤฑrdฤฑ. Kaldฤฑ ki artฤฑk Anadoluโda yeni bir varis, Mustafa Kemal vardฤฑ. 19 Mayฤฑs 1919โda Samsunโa indiฤinde onu karลฤฑlayanlar Talatโฤฑn Teลkilat-ฤฑ Mahsusa โdan arkadaลlarฤฑ, Doฤu vilayetlerinin genรง subay ve valilileri oldu. รzellikle Hristiyan katliamlarฤฑna karฤฑลmฤฑล eski ฤฐTC generali Sakallฤฑ Nurettin Paลa da aralarฤฑnda bulunmaktadฤฑr. ฤฐkinci, โ yani 1918 sonrasฤฑ- Tรผrk ulusal kurtuluลu bรถylece M. Kemalโin รถnderliฤinde baลlamฤฑล oldu. Rusyaโda Ekim Devrimi milli mรผcadelenin yeni aลamasฤฑnda belirleyici ve olumlu etki yarattฤฑ. Sovyetler Kuvayฤฑ- Milliyeโyi antiemperyalist olarak gรถrรผyor ve silah, cephane her tรผrlรผ desteklerini sunuyorlardฤฑ.
Tรผrkiye solunun Birinci Cihan Harbi ile Ekim Devrimi arasฤฑnda รผzerinde yeterince irdelemediฤi siyasi mesele, Bolลeviklerin emperyalizme karลฤฑ dolaylฤฑ olarak Alman saฤฤฑ, ฤฐTC, ฤฐslamcฤฑ oluลumlar ve Kemalistlerin safฤฑnda yer aldฤฑฤฤฑdฤฑr. Talat ve Enverโin Karl Radek ile samimiyeti, Enverโin Bakรผ Kurultayฤฑna katฤฑlฤฑmฤฑ, Leninโin hฤฑrslฤฑ milliyetรงi Zeki Velidi Toganโฤฑ KP ye davet etmesi vb. vb. Bugรผnkรผ Rusya da benzer bir pozisyondadฤฑr. Son 20 yฤฑldฤฑr Rusyaโda ortaya รงฤฑkan โAvrasyacilikโ dรผลรผncesinin kรถkleri Ekim Devrimiโnden sonra Bolลeviklerin emperyalizme karลฤฑ geliลtirdiฤi baลta Mรผslรผman halklar olmak รผzere sรถmรผrge halklarฤฑn ulusal burjuvazisine yรผkledikleri ilerici misyona dayalฤฑ stratejiye dayanmaktadฤฑr. Kฤฑsaca sรถmรผrge halklarฤฑn emperyalizme karลฤฑ siyasi birliฤinden yoksun bir menfaat birliฤi ile sฤฑnฤฑrlฤฑ yaklaลฤฑm. Doฤu Halklarฤฑ Kurultayฤฑ kurulduktan 6 ay sonra laฤvedildiฤi iรงin sรถmรผrge halklarฤฑn, kรถลeleri belirgin uzun soluklu bir siyasi birliฤinden bahsetmek imkรขnsฤฑzdฤฑr.
Ermeniler, Mayฤฑs 1915โte silahlฤฑ muhafฤฑzlar eลliฤinde Harputโtan gรถtรผrรผlรผyor, ลehrin eฤitimli ve nรผfuzlu kiลileri en yakฤฑn uygun yerde katledilmek รผzere seรงiliyor. Fotoฤraf: Wegner
Kieser โTalat gerรงek bir รถncรผ olarak gรถrรผlmeli. 20.yรผzyฤฑlฤฑn ilk tek parti tecrรผbesine ve emperyal komitacฤฑlฤฑฤa รถnayak oldu. Radikal etnik ulusalcฤฑlฤฑkla hemhal, ลiddet yรผklรผ bir nรผfus mรผhendisliฤinin รถncรผlรผฤรผnรผ yaptฤฑ ve bu amaรงla cihadฤฑ nasฤฑl kullanacaฤฤฑna hรขkimdiโ derken, รถzellikle โnรผfus mรผhendisliฤiโ ne deฤinerek Talat kiลiliฤini รงok daha yerli yerine oturtmuล oluyor. Bu tanฤฑmla birlikte ortaya รถnemli bir โprototipโ รงฤฑkarฤฑyor. Bu prototipi ortaya รงฤฑkaran ลey, Batฤฑlฤฑ eลitlik ve ulusalcฤฑlฤฑk fikirleriyle tanฤฑลmasฤฑyla, imparatorluฤun gerilemeye ve ciddi toprak kaybฤฑna baลlamasฤฑnฤฑn eล zamanlฤฑ olmasฤฑnฤฑn Talatโta yarattฤฑฤฤฑ derin bunalฤฑmdฤฑr.
Kieserโin รถnemli iddialarฤฑndan biri, Lozan anlaลmasฤฑnฤฑn Talatโฤฑn mirasฤฑnฤฑn teyit edilmesi olduฤuna dair รงรถzรผmlemesidir. Bu konuda ลรถyle der: โKรผรงรผk Asya Ermenileri โnin 1915-1916โda ortadan kaldฤฑrฤฑlmasฤฑ ve bu sรผrecin Talatโฤฑn รถlรผmรผnden sonra,1923 Lozan antlaลmasฤฑnฤฑn getirdiฤi mecburi nรผfus mรผbadelesiyle tamamlanmasฤฑ. ลu durumda uluslararasฤฑ diplomasi, hem Osmanlฤฑ Rum Ortodoks Hristiyanlarฤฑna yรถnelik sรผrgรผnleri hem de รผstรผ รถrtรผlรผ olarak 1915-1916 soykฤฑrฤฑmฤฑnฤฑ onaylamฤฑลtฤฑโ.
Tarihรงi Norman Naimark, โLozan Antlaลmasฤฑ, yirminci yรผzyฤฑl boyunca halklarฤฑn kendi istekleri dฤฑลฤฑnda nakledilmeleri konusunda รถnemli bir uluslararasฤฑ emsal teลkil etmiลtirโ der.
Tarihรงi Ronald Grigor Suny, antlaลmanฤฑn โnรผfus sorunlarฤฑna potansiyel bir รงรถzรผm olarak tehcirin ve hatta รถldรผrรผcรผ etnik temizliฤin etkinliฤini esasen teyit ettiฤiniโ belirtir.
Kieser ise โLozan, Alman revizyonistleri ve diฤer pek รงok milliyetรงi iรงin รถlรผmcรผl bir cazibeye sahip olan, hetero-etnik ve hetero-dinsel gruplara yรถnelik kapsamlฤฑ sฤฑnฤฑr dฤฑลฤฑ etme ve imha politikalarฤฑnฤฑ zฤฑmnen onaylamฤฑลtฤฑrโ demiลtir.
Lozan sรผrecinde รถzellikle Ermeni meselesi ve kapitรผlasyonlar konusunda ฤฐsmet ฤฐnรถnรผ ekibinin tavizsiz duruลu konferansa ara verilmesine neden olmuล, bu ara dรถnemde Sovyetler Tรผrkiyeโye desteฤini aรงฤฑkladฤฑktan sonra gรถrรผลmeler yeniden baลlamฤฑลtฤฑr. Lozan anlaลmasฤฑnda Tรผrk hรผkรผmetinin arkasฤฑna Sovyet desteฤini almasฤฑ รถzellikle ฤฐngilizler tarafฤฑndan dikkate alฤฑnmฤฑล, TCโnin ileride Avrupaโya karลฤฑ Sovyetlerle birlikte hareket etme ihtimalinin bu ลekilde, TCโnin isteklerinin kabul edilerek รถnรผne geรงileceฤi dรผลรผnรผlmรผลtรผr.
Sonuรงta Lozan, hem proto-faลist burjuva bir diktatรถrlรผฤรผ hem de nรผfusun din esasฤฑna gรถre ayrฤฑลmasฤฑnฤฑ tasdik etmiลtir.
Yahudi ve ermeni soykฤฑrฤฑmlarฤฑ (Karลฤฑlaลtฤฑrma)
โYahudiler Avrupaโnฤฑn Ermeniler ise Anadoluโnun seรงilmiล kurbanlarฤฑ oldular. Her ikisi de tarihteki emsalsiz katliamlar olarak kayฤฑtlara geรงtiler.โ (Yahudi tarihรงi Enzo Traverso)
Egemenlerin soykฤฑrฤฑmฤฑ reddetmelerinin bir nedeni de o dรถnemde henรผz uluslararasฤฑ hukukta soykฤฑrฤฑm diye bir kavramฤฑn olmadฤฑฤฤฑnฤฑ ileri sรผrmeleridir. Bu doฤrudur. Hukukรงu Raphael Lemkin, ilk kez kullanmazdan evvel โsoykฤฑrฤฑmโ terimi mevcut deฤildi. Lemkinโin รงabalarฤฑyla 9 Aralฤฑk 1948โde BMโnin 260 sayฤฑlฤฑ kararฤฑ ile soykฤฑrฤฑm sรถzleลmesi kabul edilmiลtir. Lemkinโin yฤฑllar sรผren bu hukuki รงabalarฤฑnฤฑn ilham kaynaฤฤฑ Talatโฤฑn bozguncu faaliyetleriydi! (Kieser) Kaldฤฑ ki ฤฐTCโye gรถre soykฤฑrฤฑm da olmamฤฑลtฤฑr. Cihan harbinde Doฤuโdaki Ermeniler isyan hareketleriyle ve Ruslarla iล birliฤi yaparak Osmanlฤฑ imparatorluฤunu zayฤฑflattฤฑklarฤฑ iรงin onlara karลฤฑ bir โsavunmaโ savaลฤฑ verilmiลtir. O yรผzden bu bahiste, Yahudi ve Ermeni soykฤฑrฤฑmlarฤฑnฤฑn karลฤฑlaลtฤฑrmalฤฑ tarihini ele alacaฤฤฑz.
Holokost (Soykฤฑrฤฑm) sonucunda toplam รถlรผ sayฤฑsฤฑ 5-6 milyon civarฤฑndadฤฑr. Ermeni soykฤฑrฤฑmฤฑnda bu sayฤฑ 650 bin ile 1 milyon arasฤฑndadฤฑr.
Yahudi soykฤฑrฤฑmฤฑ beล temel aลamada gerรงekleลti:
ฤฐlk aลama 1935โde รงฤฑkarฤฑlan bir yasa ile Yahudiler Ari ฤฑrkฤฑn dรผลmanlarฤฑ olarak tanฤฑmlandฤฑlar.
ฤฐkinci aลamada (1938) Yahudilerin mallarฤฑna el konuldu. Alman ekonomisinin โAryanlaลtฤฑrฤฑlmasฤฑโ ile tรผm Yahudiler parya durumuna dรผลรผrรผldรผler.
รรงรผncรผ ve dรถrdรผncรผ aลama (1940-44) Nazi boyunduruฤunda olan รผlkelerdeki Yahudilerin sฤฑnฤฑr dฤฑลฤฑ edilmesi politikasฤฑ sonucunda, Doฤu Avrupaโdaki gettolarda ve kamplarda toplandฤฑlar.
Son aลamada รถnce โmobil รถldรผrme operasyonlarฤฑโ (รถldรผrรผcรผ gaz sistemiyle donatฤฑlmฤฑล kamyonlar) ile sonra ise รถlรผm kamplarฤฑndaki gaz odalarฤฑnda katledildiler.
โEmperyalizm hapishanelerin aynฤฑ zamanda bir รผretim hattฤฑ olmasฤฑnฤฑ Nazilere borรงludur. Naziler fabrika, kฤฑลla ve hapishaneleri bir ฤฑrkฤฑ yok etme projesinin sentezi haline getirmiลlerdir. Auschwitz hem bir รถlรผm kampฤฑ hem de Alman kimya ลirketi IG Farbenโin รผretim hatlarฤฑnฤฑ kurduฤu bir รงalฤฑลma kampฤฑydฤฑ. Toplama kamplarฤฑ endรผstriyel yok etme pratiฤiyle bilim ile etiฤin en sarsฤฑcฤฑ karลฤฑtlฤฑฤฤฑnฤฑ oluลturuyordu. Rasyonel araรงlarla irrasyonel amaรงlarฤฑn hayata geรงirildiฤi, bilimin etiฤi yok ettiฤi yerlerdi buralar.โ (Enzo Traverso / Modern Barbarlฤฑฤฤฑn Eleลtirisi)
ฤฐmha kamplarฤฑ eski barbarlฤฑฤa doฤru bir gerileme deฤil, iรงerdiฤi endรผstriyel yok etme teknolojisi ve ฤฑrksal biyolojiyle tamamen yeni bir tarihsel olgudur. Yeni durum Hฤฑristiyanlarฤฑn Yahudileri geรงmiล รงaฤlardaki gibi โgeleneksel dรผลmanโ olarak gรถrmesinin devamฤฑ niteliฤinde deฤildir, bunun รถtesindedir. Bir โgรผnah keรงisiโ deฤillerdi artฤฑk! Kรถtรผlรผklerin sorumlusu deฤillerdi, kรถtรผlรผฤรผn ta kendisiydiler. Bu elbette yeni bir realitedir. Adeta antropolojik bir kopuลtur. Onlar Yahudileri geรงmiลte teolojik aforizmalarla, dinsel safsatalarla รถldรผrรผrken ลimdi bilimsel organizasyon teknikleriyle รถldรผrรผyorlardฤฑ. Sรถyleyin bir kamyonu mobil bir gaz odasฤฑna dรถnรผลtรผrmek kimin aklฤฑna gelebilirdi ki? รlรผmรผn bilimsel organizasyonu ve iลte size teknolojik ilerleme!
Ermeni soykฤฑrฤฑmฤฑnda yukarฤฑdaki aลamalarฤฑn en az รผรงรผnรผ tespit edebiliyoruz. Anadoluโdaki yerel ahalinin Ermenilere karลฤฑ Teลkilat-ฤฑ Mahsusa รงetelerince kฤฑลkฤฑrtฤฑlmasฤฑ ve bizzat katledilmeleri, Ermenilerin โdin dรผลmanฤฑ gรขvurlarโ olarak damgalanmasฤฑ, Ermeni mallarฤฑnฤฑn yaฤmalanmasฤฑ ve yerel Mรผslรผman eลraf ve aฤalara daฤฤฑtฤฑlmasฤฑ ve son olarak yerinde infazlar ve Suriye รงรถllerine zorunlu sรผrgรผne tabi tutulmalarฤฑ. Bu ลekilde gettolara toplama ve รถlรผm kamplarฤฑ dฤฑลฤฑnda birรงok ortak nokta olduฤu gรถrรผlmektedir. Nazilerin endรผstriyel รถldรผrme teknikleri dฤฑลฤฑnda bir toplumun uzun yฤฑllardฤฑr yaลadฤฑฤฤฑ topraklardan โiรง dรผลmanโ ilan edilerek sรผrgรผn ve imha edilmesi en temel ortak noktadฤฑr.
Nasyonal sosyalistlerin kendi aralarฤฑnda soykฤฑrฤฑm iรงin kullandฤฑklarฤฑ dil, iลlenen suรงa uygun, tutkusuz, รถfkesiz, teknik ve soฤuk bir dildi. โKรถtรผlรผฤรผn sฤฑradanlฤฑฤฤฑnaโ, รถlรผmรผn sฤฑradanlaลtฤฑrฤฑlmasฤฑna uygun bir dildi bu. ฤฐttihatรงฤฑlarฤฑn da (รถzellikle Talatโฤฑn bizzat kendi evine kurduฤu telgrafhaneden) valilere ve Teลkilatฤฑ Mahsusacฤฑlara รงektikleri telgraflarda Almanlarฤฑnki kadar endรผstriyel savaล dili kullanmasalar da โnihai รงรถzรผmโ anlamฤฑnda kodladฤฑklarฤฑ bir kavramlarฤฑ vardฤฑ. Naziler ฤฑrksal biyoloji ile modern teknolojiyi insan kฤฑrฤฑmฤฑ iรงin sentezlerken, ฤฐTC ฤฑrksal biyolojiyi kendi zamanฤฑnฤฑn รถzel harp teknikleriyle buluลturarak insan kฤฑrฤฑmฤฑnฤฑ gerรงekleลtirmiลtir.
รzerinde durulmasฤฑ gereken bir diฤer รถnemli benzerlik Nasyonal sosyalistlerle ฤฐttihatรงฤฑlarฤฑn รถnde gelenlerinin รงoฤunun soykฤฑrฤฑma katฤฑlmadan รถnce tehlikeli bir Yahudi ve Ermeni karลฤฑtlฤฑฤฤฑ iรงinde olmamalarฤฑdฤฑr. รrneฤin Himler, Gรถring ve Goebbels gibi soykฤฑrฤฑmda birincil rol oynayan kiลilerin Nasyonal Sosyalist harekete antisemitizm nedeniyle katฤฑlmadฤฑklarฤฑ Yahudi tarihรงiler tarafฤฑndan (Enzo Traverso) belirtilmektedir. ฤฐttihatรงฤฑlarฤฑn beyni Talat paลanฤฑn da soykฤฑrฤฑmdan รถnce baลta 1908 devrimi olmak รผzere, 1915 e kadar birรงok kez Ermenilerle ittifak yaptฤฑฤฤฑnฤฑ biliyoruz. Hatta ฤฐstanbulโda en yakฤฑn dostlarฤฑ iรงinde sonradan Teลkilat-ฤฑ Mahsusaโnฤฑn katlettiฤi ya da idam fermanฤฑnฤฑ vereceฤi Ermeni dostlarฤฑ vardฤฑr.
Son bir ortak nokta olarak, her ikisi de 20.yรผzyฤฑlฤฑn modern birer โhaรงlฤฑ seferiโ รถzelliฤi taลฤฑmaktaydฤฑ. Alman emperyalizminin amacฤฑ sadece Yahudi soykฤฑrฤฑmฤฑ deฤildi, Kฤฑzฤฑl Orduโnun maฤlup edilerek Doฤuโda bir โyaลam alanฤฑโ (Lebensraum) elde edilmesiyse ฤฐTCโnin de yine Doฤuโda bir Turan รผlkรผsรผ vardฤฑ. Onlar da en az Nasyonal sosyalistler kadar komรผnizm karลฤฑtฤฑydฤฑlar. Her ikisi de terรถrรผ ve ideolojiyi birlikte aynฤฑ anda kullanmฤฑลlardฤฑr.
Enzo Traverso โSoykฤฑrฤฑmla birlikte tรผm dรผnyada รถldรผrmek artฤฑk bir araรง deฤil, baลlฤฑ baลฤฑna bir amaรง olmuลtur. Kurbanlar eylemlerinden dolayฤฑ deฤil sadece var olduklarฤฑ iรงin รถldรผrรผldรผler.โ Derken Yahudilere รถzel bir durumdan bahsetmektedir. Yahudiler hiรงbir hak iddia etmemelerine raฤmen sadece Yahudi olmalarฤฑndan dolayฤฑ รถldรผrรผlรผrken, Ermeniler bu topraklarฤฑn eลit haklara sahip vatandaลฤฑ olmak istedikleri iรงin katledildiler. Yahudiler evlerini sessizce terk ettiler, (tek bir isyanlarฤฑ oldu Varลova Gettosu isyanฤฑ) Ermeniler ise o kadar sessiz kalmadฤฑlar. Yer yer direniล gรถsterdiler.
Hiรงbir benzerlik taลฤฑmayan, en temel farklฤฑlฤฑklarฤฑ ise soykฤฑrฤฑmฤฑn gerรงekleลtirilmesinde ve sonrasฤฑndaki hukuksal durumlardฤฑr. รrneฤin Auschwitz yรถneticisi Rudolf Hรถss 1947 yฤฑlฤฑnda hรผcresinde yazdฤฑฤฤฑ vasiyetinde โรรงรผncรผ Reichโฤฑn devasa imha makinasฤฑnฤฑn bilinรงsiz bir diลlisiydimโ derken ya da soykฤฑrฤฑmdan sonra, 1961 yฤฑlฤฑnda Arjantinโde yakalanฤฑp รถlรผm cezasฤฑna รงarptฤฑrฤฑlan Eichmann aynฤฑ ลekilde yaptฤฑฤฤฑ katliamlarฤฑ โgรถrev gereฤiโ yaptฤฑฤฤฑnฤฑ ifade ederek soykฤฑrฤฑmฤฑ duygusuzca, hiรงbir piลmanlฤฑk gรถstermeden sฤฑradan bir gรถreve indirgemiลken 1919 ve 1920 yฤฑllarฤฑnda ฤฐstanbulโda yargฤฑlanan ฤฐttihatรงฤฑlarฤฑn รงoฤu soykฤฑrฤฑmฤฑ ret ve inkรขr yoluna gittiler. Naziler soykฤฑrฤฑmฤฑ bir gรถrev bilinciyle gerรงekleลtirdiklerini sรถylerken ฤฐttihatรงฤฑlar ise โbu olayda dahlimiz yokturโ diye yalan sรถylediler. Naziler mahkemelerde yaptฤฑklarฤฑnฤฑn bir suรง olmadฤฑฤฤฑnฤฑ, โdevlet gรถreviโ olduฤunu sรถylerken, ฤฐttihatรงฤฑlar yaptฤฑklarฤฑnฤฑn bir suรง olduฤunun gayet bilincindeydiler. Dahasฤฑ sonraki yฤฑllarda Talat ve Enverโin mezarlarฤฑ temsili merasimlerle Tรผrkiyeโye getirilerek sahiplenilmiล ve soykฤฑrฤฑm suรงu diye bir olayฤฑn bu topraklarda vuku bulmadฤฑฤฤฑ bu ลekilde tรผm dรผnyaya gรถsterilmek istenmiลtir. TC devleti bรถylece ฤฐTCโnin suรง ve yalanlarฤฑnฤฑn ortaฤฤฑ ve sรผrdรผrรผcรผsรผ olmuลtur. Yeni Tรผrkiye Cumhuriyetiโnin Talat ve Enverโden her ลeye raฤmen vazgeรงmemesi gayet รถnemlidir. รรผnkรผ sรถz konusu olan Tรผrk egemenlik sistemini bugรผnlere kadar getiren ideolojik geleneฤin yaratฤฑcฤฑsฤฑ olmalarฤฑdฤฑr.
ฤฐTCโyi yargฤฑlayan askeri mahkemeler kurtuluล savaลฤฑ sรผrecinde laฤvedildi. Cezalarฤฑnฤฑ รงekmeye devam edenler ise 31 Mart 1923โte yeni kurulan Kemalist hรผkรผmet tarafฤฑndan affedildiler. M. Kemalโin iktidara gelmesiyle birlikte, Tรผrk askeri mahkemelerinin yargฤฑlamalarฤฑnฤฑ ve mahkรปmiyetlerini dayandฤฑrdฤฑklarฤฑ tรผm belgeler kayboldu! Bรถylece Holokost โun failleri idam edilirken, Ermeni soykฤฑrฤฑmฤฑnฤฑn failleri gรถstermelik รผรง dรถrt idam dฤฑลฤฑnda รงoฤu adeta รถdรผllendirildiler. โMalta sรผrgรผnleriโ olarak bilinen bu kiลiler ฤฐngilizlerin de marifetleriyle peyder pey salฤฑverildiler.
Tarihรงiler dรผnya tarihinde daha รถnce hiรง gerรงekleลmemiล, hiรงbir benzeri olmayan ve dรผnyanฤฑn kaderini deฤiลtiren kitlesel katliamlar iรงin โsฤฑfฤฑrฤฑncฤฑ gรผnโ tabirini kullanฤฑrlar. Mesela Hiroลima ve Nagazakiโye atฤฑlan atom bombasฤฑ ve Yahudi soykฤฑrฤฑmฤฑ iรงin bu kavramฤฑ kullanmฤฑลlardฤฑr. 1. Cihan Harbi ve Ekim Devrimiโnin yarattฤฑฤฤฑ alt รผst oluลlar sฤฑrasฤฑnda baลฤฑnฤฑ bu toz dumandan kaldฤฑramayan, adeta gรถrรผnmez kalan Ermeni soykฤฑrฤฑmฤฑ iรงin 20.yรผzyฤฑlฤฑn 1945โden รถnceki ilk โsฤฑfฤฑrฤฑncฤฑ gรผnรผโ denilmesi bir abartฤฑ mฤฑdฤฑr? Ne hazindir ki bu soykฤฑrฤฑmฤฑn รผzeri biraz da dรผnya insanlฤฑฤฤฑnฤฑn Ekim devrimiyle yakaladฤฑฤฤฑ o muhteลem gรผnlerin sevinรง ve gururu ile รถrtรผlmรผลtรผr. Birinci Cihan Harbinde komรผnistler nasฤฑl ki emperyalizm, sosyalizm ve savaล, (V. ฤฐ. Lenin โ 1915) ve siperlerde yoldaลlฤฑk, vb. รผzerine odaklanฤฑp Ermeni soykฤฑrฤฑmฤฑnฤฑ gรถremedilerse, ll. Dรผnya Savaลฤฑโnda da antifaลist direniลlere odaklanฤฑp ilk anda Yahudi soykฤฑrฤฑmฤฑnฤฑ gรถrememiลler, รงok sonradan vakฤฑf olmuลlardฤฑr. Sonuรงta ilk savaลta รถlen 10 milyon kiลi ve ikinci savaลta รถlen 60 milyon kiลi soykฤฑrฤฑmlarฤฑn emsalsizliฤi ya da eลsizliฤinin aรงฤฑkรงa ayฤฑrt edilmesinin รถnรผndeki en bรผyรผk engeller olmuลtur. Soykฤฑrฤฑmlar her iki savaลฤฑn zaferinin gรถlgesinde kaldฤฑ. Stalingrad kuลatmasฤฑnฤฑn yarฤฑlmasฤฑ, Dresdenโin yok edilmesi ve Hiroลimaโya atom bombasฤฑ atฤฑlฤฑrken Auschwitz kimsenin umurunda deฤildi. Ermeni soykฤฑrฤฑmฤฑ ise Ekim Devrimiโnin gรถlgesinden 1970โli yฤฑllara kadar sฤฑyrฤฑlamadฤฑ.
Auschwitz, Hiroลima, Halepรงe, 11 Eylรผl, Gazze, bunlar tarihin parantezleri deฤil kฤฑrฤฑlma noktalarฤฑdฤฑr. Ve komรผnistler bu dรถnรผm noktalarฤฑnฤฑn dรผnyada yarattฤฑฤฤฑ paradigma deฤiลikliklerini kavramada mรผtemadiyen yetersiz kalmฤฑลlardฤฑr. l. ve ll. Dรผnya Savaลฤฑโndaki soykฤฑrฤฑmlar Marksistler ve komรผnistler iรงin adeta birer โkara delikโtirler. (Primo Levi) Yeterince idrak edilememiลlerdir. Tarihte birer dรถnรผm noktasฤฑ ve medeniyet kฤฑrฤฑlmasฤฑ olduklarฤฑ tespit edilememiลtir.
โMarksist vulgata, imha kamplarฤฑnฤฑ herhangi bir niteliksel ayrฤฑm olmaksฤฑzฤฑn tekelci kapitalizm ile โemperyalist รงรถkรผลรผnโ tezahรผrlerinden biri ลeklinde sunmuลtur. Savaลtan beri hiรงbir Marksist en azฤฑndan yakฤฑn zamana kadar bu konulara Hannah Arrendtโin โTotalitarizmin Kaynaklarฤฑโ kitabฤฑ kadar derin ve aydฤฑnlatฤฑcฤฑ bir yer ayฤฑrmamฤฑลtฤฑrโ (E. Traverso)
Tarih bugรผndรผr. Bugรผnde yaลanandฤฑr!
Rojava โda Kรผrt, ลengalโde Ezidi, Gazzeโde Mรผslรผman bir Filistinli, Lazkiyeโde Nusayri olmak!
Doฤu Akdenizโdeki yรผzlerce yฤฑllฤฑk emperyal Sรผnni hegemonya sallanฤฑyor. Zaman Sรผnniler dฤฑลฤฑndaki halklar iรงin olumlu ayrฤฑmcฤฑlฤฑk zamanฤฑdฤฑr. Emperyalizmin yedeฤine dรผลmedikleri sรผrece!
Skyes Picot, Brest Litovsk ve Balfour bu รผรงรผ Doฤu Akdeniz ve Ortadoฤuโnun kaderini bir yรผz yฤฑl boyunca deฤiลtiren, kana bulayan olaylardฤฑ. Ortadoฤuโda sรผren ลimdiki savaลlar bu coฤrafyanฤฑn kaderini bir yรผz yฤฑl daha deฤiลtirecek ciddiyetteki savaลlar olacaktฤฑr.
Why would any country cooperate at this point? Iraq did, Iran did. Both got passing if not stellar grades for their cooperation. Both got bombed and invaded. Why try showing you are playing by the rules when you get bombed anyway?
The #IAEA has clearly been suborned by the Imperium & tbh Iran was probably naive to allow them as much access to their peaceful nuclear processing sites as they did!
Easy for me to say, of course, with the benefit of hindsight! But good that theyโve aggressively drawn a line in the sand over future engagement!
@GeriatricGardener As a signatory of NPT and UN , Iran has the obligation to allow access to all nuclear facilities.
Sadly IAEA shared the name , address and position of Iranian nuclear scientists with a non NPT signatory nation allowing them to assassinate them and their families.
Les journalistes qui interrogent le gouvernement en pleine canicule ont le devoir de leur demander pourquoi la France ne respecte pas ses objectifs climatiques et comment ils vont y remรฉdier. Pourquoi ce nโest pas le cas alors quโil fait 40 degrรฉs dans la moitiรฉ du pays ? Que faut-il de plus ?
โTwo days ago, Israeli media outlet Haaretz published testimonies from IDF soldiers and officers, confirming previous reports that the murder of Palestinian civilians who are seeking aid is systematic and a deliberate policy of the IDF, and even has a name, 'Operation Salted Fish'โ
โ ๐ต๐ธ/๐ฎ๐ฑ NEW: Two days ago, Israeli media outlet Haaretz published testimonies from IDF soldiers and officers, confirming previous reports that the murder of Palestinian civilians who are seeking aid is systematic and a deliberate policy of the IDF, aโฆ
Yet another risible propaganda video falls apart almost as soon as itโs published โ but โmainstreamโ media parrot lies without checking Israelโs appalling โ and โฆ
A #Palestinian national and chairman of the #Geneva-based Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor says the #Israeli military is trying to frame innocent citizens as fighters to justify its latest massacre in #Gaza.
"Out of over 100 civilians that Israel cold-bloodedly killed, they singled out 19 and falsely claimed they were #Hamas members. Four of them were from the Jaabari family, whom I personally knowโthey never engaged in any political or military activities. Another was an imam."
More lies from the most cowardly army in the world:
Israeli army: Jabalia strike targeted Hamas โcommand centreโ The Israeli army confirmed its attack on the #UNRWA clinic in #Jabalia saying it targeted a โcommand-and-control centreโ for Hamas.
The Israeli army has routinely claimed its targets in #Gaza are #Hamas centres without providing proof.
#Gaza medic deaths just the latest in Israelโs long history of changing its story over civilian killings
"Often, at first, the IDF denies involvement. Sometimes โ in the context of Gaza โ it suggests one of Hamasโs own rockets fell short, causing the casualties.
Otherwise, it might allege that those killed were either combatants themselves, or collateral damage from the targeting of combatants. If some have identified a pattern of obfuscation over the years, there is also a suspicion that it is in service of a wider aim: muddying the waters when an investigation is launched.
And when the #IDF does launch an investigation the results are often opaque and seldom lead to the most serious charges.
According to analysis conducted by Israeli human rights organisation, Yesh Din, published last year, the mechanism set up by the IDFโs general staff to investigate potential #warcrimes is designed to avoid responsibility while giving the impression that a process is taking place.
... โat least 664 complaints were transferred โฆ for review.โ
Of that, the organisation says, โ542 (81.6%) incidents were closed without a criminal investigation, with โjust 41 incidents (6%)โ leading to a criminal investigation."
In every successive Israeli attack on #Palestinian communities, the pattern has been the same: Israel accuses the #Palestinians of using human shields, international organizations, and human rights groups investigate, and the investigations reveal that the party systematically using human shields is not #Palestine, but rather #Israel.
Indeed, the Israeli human rights group BโTselem has documented the repeated use by Israel of human shields at least since 1967. Investigations by both Amnesty International and #HumanRights Watch into Israelโs โOperation Cast Leadโ attacks in Gaza found evidence that Israel used human shields (including children) but found no evidence that Palestinian groups did so.
Similarly, successive #UN Commissions of Inquiry that investigated the massive #Israeli attacks on #Gaza in 2008-2009 and in 2014 looked into Israelโs claims and found no evidence of Palestinians using human shields. The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child found โthe continuous use (by Israel) of Palestinian children as human shieldsโ from 2010 to 2013. The UNโs Special Rapporteur on terrorism reported the same finding. #IsraelWarCrimes #warcrimes #zioNaZis #IsraelTerroristState mondoweiss.net/2024/09/every-aโฆ
An Israeli soldier disclosed in a Haaretz op-ed that the military's practice of using human shields in Gaza is far more common than acknowledged and that a recent investigation was intended to create the false impression that such incidents are infrequent.
โIn #Gaza, human shields are used at least six times a day. If the Military Police want to do their job seriously, they should open at least 2,190 investigations,โ the soldier stated.
Judge excuses Israeli extremist who shot #Palestinian while chanting โdeath to arabsโ because โpeople are on edgeโ skwawkbox.org/2025/03/16/judgeโฆ Ahmad Nijam, who was shot in the leg during the racist mobโs attack, told an Israeli TV channel that members of the mob approached him and demanded to know why he was hanging around an area supposedly for Jews, before throwing water bottles at him. The Jewish shooter ordered Nijam to get down on the ground before shooting him. Video from the incident, filmed by an acquaintance of Nijam who came to investigate his cries, shows Nijam bleeding on the floor and screaming in pain while the suspect and someone in an #IDF uniform stand a few metres away watching him suffer, before the shooter flees. Police detained the wounded Nijam for questioning as soon as he was released from hospital and demanded to know why he was on the street at night โ and when the alleged shooter appeared in court, things went even further downhill.
Jerusalem Magistrateโs Court Judge David Shaul Gabai Richter ordered the suspectโs release to house arrest, suggesting that because people in Jerusalem are โon edgeโ the shooting was understandable and concluding that:
Although this was an incident in which a weapon was usedโฆ I do not believe that the defendant can be deemed a โฆcriminal.
Victim detained while judge says Zionist fanatic should not be โdeemed a criminalโ Wounded Ahmad Nijam last week. A judge in Jerusalem has ordered the release to house arrest of a Jewisโฆ
I'm Wolf. I'm a former US Navy Submariner who turned tech drone. I did it all, from the support desk to CIO of a medium-sized company. Now retired and enjoying it with my husband of many years.
We live in the Upper Midwest of the USA, but travel worldwide very frequently.
Minimalist, non-judgmental for the most part. And now on my own instance! ๐
This introduction will be updated. Last update: 20250630 - Minor punctuation edit
Musk left when his goals were achieved. Don't be fooled by his lies and the media spin. Fight back. Make your voice heard. Join one of the hundreds of #TeslaTakedown protests around the world or create one in your city at Teslatakedown.com! RE: bsky.app/profile/did:plc:k5nskโฆ
L'Iran a tuรฉ David Barnea, chef du Mossad secret sioniste, et a dรฉtruit le siรจge du Mossad ร Herzliya par un tir de missile de prรฉcision. Aujourd'hui, aprรจs la trรชve, il a รฉtรฉ enterrรฉ en prรฉsence de Netanyahou. Il y avait d'autres criminels du Mossad qui avaient du sang sur eux et qui les ont enterrรฉs.
Russian drones, aircraft, and naval forces have carried out the largest combined strike on Ukraineโs defense industrial complex and oil refining facilities since the beginning of the Special Military Operation.
Fuckin' eh to #BobVylan! I knew I loved them from the moment I first heard "We Live Here".
Artists are fucking terrified to speak up.
I work in professional live entertainment. Since October 7, 2023 - and at least 400 performances - 2 artists have made mention of the #genocide being committed by the #IDF.
โSince the beginning, there hasn't been a trick Netanyahu hasn't been pulled to delay his trial. It's no wonder he sought Trump's backing, seeing he too despises his own country's judicial system and, as a result, any independent and equitable judiciary.โ
Since the beginning, there hasn't been a trick Netanyahu hasn't been pulled to delay his trial. It's no wonder he sought Trump's backing, seeing he too despises his own country's judicial system and, as a result, any independent and equitable judiciaโฆ
Florida Proposes ALLIGATOR ALKATRAZ ๐ The Young Turks CRY About it ๐คฃ. Florida just proposed the most insanely bad-ass illegal immigrant detention center ev...
I swear these guys have another channel where they have Kangaroos animation delivering the commentary! Maybe it's another Aussi couple? Do you know what I mean? Can you find them? ๐
โThings that Trump treats as uncontroversially right-wing today would have been laughed out of the room as the ravings of lunatics in 1958.โ mastodon.social/@Motorod/11477โฆ
June 26, 2025 Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Aragchi made the following statement to Al-Araby Al-Jadeed (The New Arab news website) that was published on Resistance News Network on June 24, 2025.
Das KIT setzt ein Zeichen fรผr digitale Souverรคnitรคt
Soziale Medien sind im Medienmix von Hochschulen unverzichtbar โ doch es braucht Alternativen zu Big Tech!
Das @KIT_Karlsruhe launcht als erste deutsche Uni eine eigene Mastodon-Instanz โ fรผr mehr Kontrolle, Transparenz und Datenschutz. ๐ Launch-Event am Dienstag, 1. Juli 2025, 10 Uhr
Today I will spend hours in the @EUCommission's #DMA workshop with #Apple so you don't have to. It'll be painful, it'll be funny, it'll be hot! ๐
The workshop starts with Apple lawyers speaking time in which they are supposed to explain how they comply with the #DigitalMarketsAct. Instead, they waste everybody's time with marketing BS and pointless rants against the law (or as they say "the Commission's interpretation of the law").
Sanders slams Trumpโs โBig, Beautiful Billโ: Kicks 16M off health care, slashes $350B from education, wipes kidsโ food aid, decimates clean energy investment, boosts Pentagon $150B, gives $975B to top 1%, adds $4T to debt. โAbsolute disaster.โ #press
As part of the โnew chapterโ in its history, #Germany has become a kind of #Jewish shtetl. Descendants of #Nazis adopt Jewish symbols, worship #Zionism and persecute Jews who criticize Israel โ in the name of fighting #antisemitism, of course.โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
Hefetz describes how Germany has undergone what she calls โconvertion to Zionism,โ that is the transformion of descendants of Nazis into โthe new Jews.โ But she starts with a joke she heard from a Jewish child in #Berlin:
โWhatโs the difference between Jews and Muslims? The Jews are already past that.โ
Muslims have become the new target for traditional German racism and intolerance. She contrasts todayโs Germany with the country she found 23 years ago:
โGermany 23 years ago was truly a different Germany. It was still an anti-militaristic and anti-nationalist society and state, which respected its constitution and international law to some extent, where a million people marched against the horrific and internationally illegal war by the US in Iraq, which Germany refused to participate in.โ
She traces this transformation back to Germanyโs first chancellor, Konrad Adenauer, who stated: โWe caused the Jews such great injustice, we committed such terrible crimes against them, that there was a need to atone for them or repair them to some extent, if we wanted to regain honor among the nations of the world.โ However, Adenauerโs antisemitic reasoning was revealed when he added: โThe power of the Jews โ even today, especially in America โ should not be underestimated. Therefore, I consciously and carefully invested my entire being, to the best of my ability, to bring about reconciliation between the German people and the Jewish people.โ
Hefetz says that Germans have now collectively โconverted to Zionismโ without the need for actual conversion:
โAn entire wing of the German โleftโ consists of men who โengaged in identity searchingโ and found it in the form of Israel. They sound as if Noa Tishby is speaking from their throats, wrapping themselves in Israeli flags and IDF flags, going to see folk dance performances celebrating diplomatic relations between the states, and saving Jews from โantisemitism.โโ
She explains that โaccording to data published in the Israeli magazine in Berlin, โSpitz,โ in an article later removed, more than half of the complaints about antisemitic incidents in Germany are by German Christians with Nazi grandparents, who are attacked by Jews demonstrating against Israel, for example.โ The irony, she notes, is that โdescendants and great-grandchildren of Nazis are very sensitive to โantisemitic attacks against them,โ especially if they come from Jews and Israelis.โ
Hefetz describes Germanyโs creation of an artificial Jewish identity: โGermany has become a kind of Jewish shtetl. There is no place in the world where you can hear more #klezmer music (traditional Eastern European Jewish music) , adapted to the German ear. The popular names in recent decades in Germany are Hebrew Jewish names.โ She explains how โthe German state began funding Reform conversion of Christians to Judaism, and recreated the destroyed German liberal Judaism, a โnew Judaismโ that is of course more desirable than the ultra-Orthodox, who are โOstjuden.โโ
Note: The original derogatory term #Mizrahim as used by Ashkenazi Jews, referred to Jews of Eastern European heritage. In #Israel this term was then repurposed to describe Arab Jews, mostly, as part of what Aziza Khazzoom described as de-orinetalization of the largest Jewish diaspora, see โHow the Polish Peddler Became a German Intellectualโ sup.org/books/sociology/shiftiโฆ
Hefetz details how this โIsraelizationโ serves #Germanyโs return to #militarism:
โIdentification with Israel helps Germany return to being a militaristic state: it helps break the taboo of nationalism; it helps rehabilitate the image of the German man, who in the years after the war tried to be โnon-Germanโ by emphasizing soft qualities, non-authoritarian education for children.โ
She quotes recent statements by German Chancellor Friedrich Merz, who said Israel โdoes the dirty work for usโ regarding attacks on Iran, while a security expert from his party stated โwe are also ready to die for Israel.โ She notes the antisemitic nature of these statements:
โThese antisemitic statements about Jews doing Germanyโs โdirty workโ are not new, and the reference to killing civilians as โdirty workโ recalls Himmlerโs Poznan speech, or what Rudolf Hess said at the Nuremberg trials.โ
She concludes that โGermany is making a comebackโ through authoritarian measures disguised as fighting antisemitism, while โGermany supplies Israel with at least a third of the weapons for the genocide in Gaza.โ Despite this official support, Hefetz notes that โthere is an absolute majority in the German public that consistently opposes supplying weapons to Israel; and with all the pro-Israeli propaganda and Israeli flags flying over every government office in Germany, 73% think what Israel is doing in Gaza is genocide.โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
Historian Professor Moshe Zimmermann spoke in the parliament of the state of Saxony in Germany, and said that the lesson from the Holocaust should be universal, meaning also applicable regarding Israel. The monitoring institution decided that this was a comparison of Israel to the Nazi regime, and this too became an โantisemitic incident.โ Since these institutions know they are embarrassing themselves, they donโt say that this involves an Israeli Jew (from a family of German Holocaust survivors), but rather encode him in their data as a โspeaker.โ This is also true regarding every Jew who went out to demonstrate against the genocide in Gaza since October 7th with a sign identifying him as such: all members of the organization โJewish Voice for Peace,โ and also others who are not members of the organization who did so, were arrested by the police, received complaints that were later cancelled (for incitement and use of symbols contrary to the German constitution). I myself was arrested five times. These cases feed the statistics of โantisemitic incidents in Germany.โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
Zionism, nationalism, racism, fascism Call it what you want, it's all the same shit and attracts the same crowd no matter what brand, no matter if they like red caps or blue Same old is same And really old
Haushaltsfrage: Was benutzt Ihr fรผr Schneidebretter? - Kunststoff ist ja blรถd wegen des Abriebs (und der Verfรคrbung zusรคtzlich). - Holz wird schnell unansehnlich und soll nicht so hygienisch sein, weil sich Reste in den Fasern sammeln und man es nicht so krรคftig aufwaschen kann. - Marmor und Glas soll die Messer kaputtmachen...
Psychedelics are incredibly powerful and CAN help with a range of indications. Of course, random use may not help (e.g., Muskolini)....you get out of them what you put into them. Assholes like Muskolini just put more of their desperate fragile ego in and we see what pukes out. By contrast, intention to overcome PTSD, severe depression, addiction--can indeed be quite salutary.
For years after his service in Afghanistan and Iraq, U.S. Army Special Forces veteran Joe Hudak fought a daily battle against a voice inside his head screaming anxious, dark and dangerous thoughts.
Voting for Kamala Harris would literally have changed nothing, to be honest. Everything would have still sucked, and liberals would just have ignored it like they did for the past four years.
Kids would have still burned alive around the world, trans care would still have been banned nationwide by the GOP anyways, ICE funding would have creeped up gradually like it always does.
Trump accelerated the trends that already were there. He did not create any of the problems that are usually attributed to him by the democratic party. The far right cancer is deeper than Trump, it will exist without Trump, and you cannot ignore its spread during non GOP presidencies.
The people who think that Democrats will fix everything, and see re-electing the Democratic party as their primary goal in the fight against Trump are gravely mistaken.
There are no good billionaires. There are no good ICE agents. There is no such thing as a welfare cut without casualties. There is no such thing as a progressive Israel.
RT sat down for an exclusive interview with former Japanese Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama, to talk about the future of the Japan-US alliance, his countryโs relations with its neighbors, and much more.
"Another not unimportant consideration is, that the powers of the general government will be, and indeed must be, principally employed upon external objects, such as war, peace, negotiations with foreign powers, and foreign commerce. In its internal operations it can touch but few objects, except to introduce regulations beneficial to the commerce, intercourse, and other relations, between the states, and to lay taxes for the common good. The powers of the states, onโฆ
Not that it really matters, but a terribly untalented writer for badly failing Forbes Magazine, Dan Alexander, who probably canโt get a meaningful job in the business, has written so inaccurately about me that it is ridiculous. Many others also, the media is mostly Fake News, but Forbes doesnโt even try to get things right. I havenโt spoken to these SleazeBags in years, they donโt want the facts, and theyโre so inaccurate (purposely!) about everything. I would have thought Forbes would be DEAD by now, but it continues to hang around like a bad disease. Isnโt it owned by a hostile nation? Anyway, thatโs what happens when you have bad reporters with evil intentions. Eventually the publication dies. Iโve happily seen it over, and over, again!
He talks about Russia as the dangerous destination but today I am far more likely to be arrested at US customs. Mind you the last 3 times that I entered Russia I did not go through customs. The US is far more likely to demand my Facebook name and I do not have one. I would like to lose all such accounts but they do demand them and assume that you are simply being obstructive and see that as a crime. Russia are far more likely to want to know your VK account but will accept that you do not have one and have no interest in Facebook etc. I did stay with VK longer as they left me alone but they are now KYC and I would not give them such information.
I feared to get a quite creepy welcome when I had to go to US for business reasons some 3 years ago Luckily no FB account. But I deleted all mails about any petitions I had signed and any notification from despora. In Esta I said that I do not have any social media account running. And I arrived during the weekend... They did not want to see my mobile phone. Would have been a shame in case I was returned and my employer had paid the flight fees etc anyway... So I was lucky ... but I knew from other cases how dangerous it would be... I won't risk to take a journey to the USA again.
๐
Brooke
in reply to Nina Paley • • •Nina Paley
in reply to Brooke • • •