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in reply to Hofmaimaier

lemmy - Link to source

rbn

Gibt's da Quellen dazu? Ich denke, dass es damals noch viel schwieriger war, Arbeit und Freizeit überhaupt voneinander abzugrenzen. Wenn dann gerade keine Feldarbeit gemacht wurde, wurden Maschinen und Kleidung repariert oder Lebensmittel haltbar gemacht. Dass man damals wesentlich mehr echte Freizeit gehabt haben soll, als heute, finde ich schwer vorstellbar, lasse mich aber gerne eines besseren belehren.
in reply to rbn

lemmy - Link to source

Saleh

thehistoryace.com/the-amount-o…

During the medieval era peasants would work an average of 1080 hours a year or about 20 hours a week. This number would fluctuate depending upon the demands of the lord and the season. The reason the average medieval peasant worked less hours is because of how work was structured during the medieval open-field system.


...

Economic historians such as Nora Ritchie calculated that medieval peasants would only work up to 120 days a year due to fluctuations in the farming seasons and church sanctioned holidays. During these farming days the medieval peasant could expect to work from sun up to sun down.

During the peak of the farming season this would be 16 hour days, 6 days a week. Sunday was reserved for rest. However, historians have primary sources that detail that during these 16 hour days the work was not consistent.

The local church wanted to keep the peasantry happy. As such there were a lot of mandated breaks for medieval peasants throughout the day.

There was an hour break for breakfast, hour break for lunch, a one to two hour break at noon for a nap, and another hour break for dinner. (page 445-455 of linked source)


...

In return for their labor a lord would give them governance, stability, protection, and in some cases private land ownership in the lord’s name. The lord would provide no direct social security or a means for retirement. However, if a peasant could eventually acquire their own piece of land then they could have a family and obtain some level of social security.

Further, the concept of community was incredibly strong in medieval villages and towns. A medieval peasant who got sick would be taken care of by other peasants and by the local church. In turn they were expected to help others who were sick.

However, in the end a medieval peasant would not retire. They would work their entire life in some capacity. However, when a peasant could no longer work in the field their children or community would help out and give them the smaller tasks to help the community out.


The Amount Of Hours Medieval Peasants Worked Per Week

Medieval peasants lived and worked a drastically different life then the average person. Here is exactly how many hours they worked.
Nick (The History Ace)
in reply to Saleh

lemmy - Link to source

rumschlumpel

Dein Link definiert halt nicht, was als "Arbeit" zählt. Hausarbeit war vor der Erfindung von Haushaltsgeräten wie der Waschmaschine und halbwegs leistbaren Stoffen (im Gegensatz zu selbstgewebten Stoffen) ein massiver Arbeitsaufwand. Was bringt dir eine 30h-Woche, wenn du dann praktisch deine ganze Freizeit mit Putzen, Sachen reparieren, einkaufen usw. verbringst? Und ich bezweifle, dass Frauen an Feiertagen nicht geputzt, gekocht, genäht usw. haben.
This entry was edited (1 month ago)
in reply to rumschlumpel

lemmy - Link to source

Saleh

Da die Anzahl der Kleidungsstücke deutlich geringer war, bezweifel ich, dass so viel Zeit zum waschen aufgebracht wurde. Dazu kommu, dass Wäschewaschen, Kochen und andere Hausarbeiten sozialer waren, wodurch sie weniger dröge als heute waren.

Zum Kochen ist schon mal das praktische Thema, dass in der Erntesaison nicht gleichzeitig gekocht und das Feld bestellt werden konnte. D.h. i.d.R. die Frauen mussten vor dem Mittag vom Feld runter und an den Herd. Damit verringert sich die Arbeitszeit.

Einkaufen ist ein interessantes Beispiel. Früher ist man dann zum Markttag in die Stadt gefahren/gelaufen, und hat da alles erledigt was man brauchte, aber natürlich auch gequatscht, die neuesten Nachrichten bekommen, etc.

Heute gehen Leute eher in ihrer Freizeit zum Markt. Die Erfahrung wird anders wahrgenommen, als z.B. im Supermarkt die Wocheneinkäufe zu machen. Sonst gehen Leute auch bewusst als Freizeitaktivität "shoppen", was keinesfalls als "Arbeit" gewertet werden kann.

Zu guter letzt musst du dann aber auch auf die heutigen Arbeitszeitmodelle noch die Hausarbeit draufschlagen. Wer richtig kocht, ist dann auch noch mal bei 10-20h mehr pro Woche.

Bei Themen wie "Garten" oder "Handwerken" als Hobby ist dann auch die Frage, warum sich so viele freiwillig ein Hobby als zusätzliche Arbeit antun, dass der Arbeit und Hausarbeit mittelalterlicher Bauern ähnelt? Offenbar ist die Wahrnehmung davon was "Arbeit" und was "Freizeit" ist, auch heute noch nicht so einfach trennbar.

in reply to Saleh

lemmy - Link to source

rumschlumpel

Da die Anzahl der Kleidungsstücke deutlich geringer war, bezweifel ich, dass so viel Zeit zum waschen aufgebracht wurde.


Ich habe über die römische Antike gelesen, dass Stoffe herstellen und Kleidung nähen tatsächlich die Hauptbeschäftigungen von Frauen gewesen sein soll. Das hängt natürlich auch von Mode, Klima und Reichtum ab (weniger arme Familien können sich ja zumindest gewebte Stoffe kaufen, und in Sizilien muss Kleidung nicht so warm sein wie in Deutschland), aber ich wüsste keinen Grund, warum das im mitteleuropäischen Mittelalter für die meisten Menschen deutlich anders gewesen sein sollte - die erste große Innovation in dem Bereich seit der Antike, das Spinnrad, kam hierzulande erst ab ca. dem 13. Jhd auf.

Hier eine Quelle: acoup.blog/2021/03/19/collecti… (im Abschnitt "Distaff Economics")

Put into working terms, the basic clothing of our six person farming family requires 7.35 labor hours per day, every day of the year. Our ‘comfort’ level requires 22.05 hours (obviously not done by one person).


Das ist natürlich alles relativ grob geschätzt, andere Autoren könnten da zu deutlich anderen Werten kommen.


Collections: Clothing, How Did They Make It? Part III: Spin Me Right Round…

This post is also available in audio form, thanks to the efforts of our volunteer narrator. This is the third part of our four part (I, II, III, IVa, IVb) look at the production of textiles, partic…
A Collection of Unmitigated Pedantry
This entry was edited (1 month ago)
in reply to rumschlumpel

lemmy - Link to source

Saleh

These figures come way down once we get the spinning wheel and horizontal loom, but what seems fairly readily apparently is that women did not necessarily work less so much as produce more, selling the excess via the ‘putting out’ system we mentioned last time and using that to support their families.


Spinnräder sind lt. Wikipedia im 12 Jahrhundert nach Europa gekommen. Damit ist dann die interessante Frage, auf welche Zeit im Mittelalter wir uns beziehen.

friendica - Link to source
Hundreds of cultural figures urge UK not to ban Palestine Action tehrantimes.com/news/515156/Hu…

Hundreds of cultural figures urge UK not to ban Palestine Action

A group of over 400 cultural figures from across the political spectrum has called on British Prime Minister Keir Starmer and Home Secretary Yvette Cooper to halt the proscription of Palestine Action on free speech grounds. 
Tehran Times

diaspora - Link to source

AI-Generated Psych-Rock Band The Velvet Sundown Rack Up Hundreds Of Thousands Of Spotify Streams


source: stereogum.com/2313501/ai-gener…

The psych-rock “band” has two albums on their Spotify-verified profile: June 5’s Floating On Echoes and June 20’s Dust And Silence. The writing/production/performance credits list only the band’s name. And the bio consists of meaningless adages. “The Velvet Sundown aren’t trying to revive the past,” it reads. “They’re rewriting it. They sound like the memory of a time that never actually happened… but somehow they make it feel real.” An earlier version also included this made-up quote attributed to Billboard: “They sound like the memory of something you never lived, and somehow make it feel real.” Neither the Velvet Sundown nor its four members (“vocalist and mellotron sorcerer Gabe Farrow, guitarist Lennie West, bassist-synth alchemist Milo Rains, and free-spirited percussionist Orion ‘Rio’ Del Mar”) had social media until yesterday (June 27) when they created an Instagram. The pictures of the “band” are very obviously and disturbingly AI-generated.


#ai #music #technology #spotify #stream #band #rock #VelvetSundown #fans #future #news #internet #hype

diaspora - Link to source

Stuggle Session 1 with Nora Barrows-Friedman, Alex Avina, Nina Farnia


youtube.com/live/LqRXuK_Uylw?s…

#Palestine #NoraBarrows-Friedman #AlexAvina #NinaFarnia


LIVESTREAM: Stuggle Session #1 w/ Nora Barrows Friedman, Alex Avina, Nina Farnia

Adnan is hosting his first livestream! Join him and guests Nora Barrows Friedman, Alex Avina, and Nina Farnia for live episodeWe look forward to your questio...
YouTube

mastodon - Link to source

At least it will be easier to determine what products not to buy if they're telling you they'd rather spend on an advertising budget than doing what they should.

theverge.com/news/695611/amc-t…


AMC now warns moviegoers to expect ‘25-30 minutes’ of ads

AMC is telling online customers what time a movie will actually start at its theaters, making it easier to avoid sitting through ads.
Jess Weatherbed (The Verge)

diaspora - Link to source

Vulnerability Advisory: Sudo chroot Elevation of Privilege


source: stratascale.com/vulnerability-…

#Exploitation has been verified on:

  • #Ubuntu 24.04.1; Sudo 1.9.15p5, Sudo 1.9.16p2
  • #Fedora 41 Server; Sudo 1.9.15p5


The issue arises from allowing an unprivileged user to invoke #chroot() on a writable, untrusted path under their control. Sudo calls chroot() several times, regardless of whether the user has corresponding #Sudo rule configured.

#linux #bug #exploit #vulnerability #software #commandline #command #root ##privileges #warning #danger #news #terminal #privilege

Stratascale

www.stratascale.com

diaspora - Link to source

Almost a riddle.... What's #NoKing, and also not a queen? A classic monarch butterfly.

The Monarch Butterfly has a classic appearance, with the two bright tones of orange and the bold "stained glass" veins.

More #nature #photography in my Flickr album, @ flic.kr/s/aHsjHHQKce

#butterfly #Monarch #Nature #photography #Fenfotos

Nature

Animals, Flowers, Birds, Glories of Nature
Michael Fenichel (Flickr)

N. E. Felibata 👽 reshared this.

diaspora - Link to source

The Road to Truth - The Generals Son: A Journey of Awakening in Palestine with Miko Peled


youtu.be/O9NqhRPWDMo?si=8dlrXw…

#MikoPeled #Palestine


TikTok LIVE-The Road to Truth-The Generals Son:A Journey of Awakening in Palestine with Miko Peled

Founder and President of Palestine House of Freedom in Washington DC.Born in Jerusalem in 1961 to a Zionist family, today he is considered to be one of the c...
YouTube

friendica - Link to source
Online-Kommunikation mit Behörden ist für Bürger*innen und Unternehmen kompliziert, für Verwaltungen oft teuer und aufwendig.
Verwaltungsdigitalisierung: Arbeitsgruppe empfiehlt Matrix-Protokoll für Behördenkommunikation

N. E. Felibata 👽 reshared this.

friendica - Link to source
Zuletzt haben die EU und die deutsche Politik wiederholt eine Vorratsdatenspeicherung diskutiert. Dabei hat Deutschland bis heute nicht das E-Evidence-Paket umgesetzt.
Gesetzentwurf: Polizeien sollen einfacher an digitale Beweise kommen

N. E. Felibata 👽 reshared this.

friendica - Link to source
Aus vielen Tracking-Firmen sticht eine heraus: Utiq. Das Unternehmen arbeitet mit Internetanbietern zusammen. Damit kann Utiq Internetanschlüsse auf eine besondere Art verfolgen.
Utiq: Tracking jetzt auch am Internetanschluss zu Hause

N. E. Felibata 👽 reshared this.

diaspora - Link to source
"Bazı özür dileyenler bize Tanrı'nın tapınmamızı zorlamamak için bizden saklı kaldığını söylerler. Ama Tanrı bizim özgürlüğümüz için kaygılandığından saklanmıyor. Eyüp'ü unutmadık: bu nedenle Tanrı'nın korkaklıktan saklandığını anlıyoruz. Tanrı saklanıyor çünkü saklayacak çok şeyi var. Biz yanan çalılar ya da bir duman sütunu aramıyoruz. Hayır: Tanrı'yı görmek istiyoruz. Tanrı önümüzde durabilir mi; Tanrı acı çeken insanlığın yüzünü görebilir mi - ve yaşayabilir mi? J'accuse." (Evan Fales)

friendica (DFRN) - Link to source

You can follow us in other languages. Visit our website for more information wordsmith.social/protestation/…

Protestation

2023-06-11 11:27:05

ActivityPub - Link to source

Social


English– @protestation@friendica.eskimo.com

Français– @protestation@social.trom.tf– @protestation@mastodon.social

Deutsch– @protestation@friendica.opensocial.space

Português– @protestation@mastodon.acc.sunet.se– @protestation@friendicarg.nsupdate.info

Quotes– @protestation@embers.social– @protestation@freeradical.zone


friendica - Link to source
Statt Rechtsradikale zu bekämpfen, biedert die Union sich ihnen an. Das zeigte zuletzt die Vorstellung des neuen Verfassungsschutzberichts. Auch die Einschätzungen des Verfassungsschutzes, wie extreme Rechte Medien nutzen, machen stutzig.
Breakpoint: Keine Rosen für Faschisten

N. E. Felibata 👽 reshared this.

mastodon - Link to source
merylnass.substack.com/p/bayer…

Bayer's sneak attack: the company's 5 pronged effort to avoid pesticide liability, after making a bad bet to take on Monsanto's culpability for injuries

That 1986 liability shield got us cheap, safe vaccines, right? What could go wrong if a similar law applied to all pesticides? Consider calling your elected officials!!!
Meryl Nass (Meryl’s CHAOS Newsletter)

mastodon - Link to source

I have been thinking about this for a while now, but I think it's time to actually pull the trigger. We need a database to document commercials/adverts etc.

Requirements:
- Easily record metadata in a standard format
- API available to query
- User contribution capabilities (well moderated)

Ideally I want to use something off the shelf. MediaWiki seems to check the boxes, but looking for something less complex to general users.

#lostmedia #MediaPreservation

diaspora - Link to source
Et acheter une voiture neuve, faire tourner à fond le marché de l’automobile, c’est écolo, n’est-ce pas ? Si j'étais dictateur 😀 je nationaliserais (ou un truc dans le genre) la production automobile et ferait produire des modèles de véhicules costauds, avec base commune, facilement réparables, exemple: Mercedes 240D
#france #macronie #idiocratie

mastodon - Link to source

Zohran Mamdani, the self-described "democratic socialist" and presumptive Democratic Party nominee to be mayor of New York City, has been supported by so-called "fact-checkers" and legacy media in denying that he is a Communist — but his oft-repeated past comments strongly contradict his denials. Mamdani is a member of the Democratic Socialists of America (DSA), but he denies that he is a Communist.

justthenews.com/government/loc…


Mamdani and 'fact checkers' deny he is a Communist, but his own words say otherwise

Will the real Mamdani please stand up? Zohran Mamdani says he's a proud Democratic Socialist. But while denying that he is a Communist in hopes that liberals will "mainstream" him, his long record of hardcore Marxist commentary seems to give away the…
Jerry Dunleavy (Just The News)

mastodon - Link to source

The GOP provision, which blocks Medicaid funding for clinics that offer abortions, was approved by the Senate Parliamentarian on Monday and will pass with the bill by a simple majority.

thegatewaypundit.com/2025/06/s…


JUST IN: Senate Rejects Democrat Amendment to Continue Planned Parenthood Funding - RINOs Susan Collins and Lisa Murkowski Side with Democrats to Fund Abortions! | The Gateway Pundit | by Jordan Conradson

          The Senate has rejected an amendment to the Big Beautiful Bill to strike language that cuts out funding for abortion provider Planned Parenthood, which is largely funded by private donations and other operating revenue.
Jordan Conradson (Where Hope Finally Made a Comeback)

mastodon - Link to source

This October, the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine is projected to hit a once-in-a-generation milestone: 1 trillion web pages archived.

We’ll be commemorating this historic achievement on October 22 with a global celebration. Learn how you can take part ➡️ blog.archive.org/2025/07/01/wa…

#Wayback1T #WaybackMachine

Illustration of a towering monolith with "1T" engraved on it, symbolizing the Internet Archive's milestone of archiving 1 trillion web pages. The monolith stands against a cosmic backdrop with a glowing light behind it, evoking a sense of scale and wonder. The Internet Archive logo appears in the lower left corner.

Book Talk: Art Above Everything with Stephanie Elizondo Griest (IN-PERSON)

A 10-year global investigation into the sacrifices women make to be artists. Ticket Link Join us for a presentation and discussion with Author Stephanie Elizondo Griest. 5:45 PM: Doors open […]\n
blog.archive.org

reshared this

mastodon - Link to source

🤣 EU member states have been warned not to expect a stable trade relationship with the US, especially on the issue of EU pharmaceutical exports ahead of next Wednesday's deadline, when a pause on the imposition of US tariffs expires.

rte.ie/news/europe/2025/0701/1…

EU states told not to expect stable US trade relationship

EU member states have been warned not to expect a stable trade relationship with the US, especially on the issue of European pharmaceutical exports, even if both sides reach an agreement in principle ahead of next Wednesday's deadline, when a pa…
Tony Connelly (RTÉ)
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