What are immutable distros, and are they the future of Linux?


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#Linux #immutable #linuxdistro

00:00 Intro
00:33 Sponsor: 10% off your first website with Squarespace
01:26 What is an Immutable Distro?
03:30 Advantages
05:16 Installing software
07:44 Updating software
10:48 The Complexity problem
12:01 Are they the future?
13:26 Sponsor: Get a PC made to run Linux
14:29 Support the channel

They are linux based operating systems that are designed to be read-only and not easily modifiable.

Most of these immutable distros still let you install apps and packages on top of the system, through flatpaks, snaps or appimages, or with a specific layer of packages, that is kept when rebooting and updating. Some immutable distros give you easy access to containers so you can still use a full system with full write access.

And there are a BUNCH of immutable distros: Fedora Silverblue, and Fedora Kinoite are basically Fedora Workstation, with GNOME or KDE, but with an immutable base. Vanilla OS is an Ubuntu based, soon to be debian based immutable distro that gives you access to any packaging format through containers. BLendOS does the same thing, but based on Arch. SteamOS, the linux distribution that powers the steam deck, and also my Linux gaming console / PC is also immutable.

You could also say that NixOS is an immutable distribution, since you only install things and modify configurations through a declarative config file that is used to build the system. And there are a lot more, like microOS from openSUSE, endlessOS, and more!

So in terms of advantages, immutable distros are just way more secure. Since you, the user can't modify the base system, and since the super user can't do it either, it also means any third party programs also can't modify that base system.

Another advantage is reliability. Since you can't tinker with the system files, you also have a much smaller chance of actually destroying your system.

And in terms of maintenance, since you only use an updated system after a reboot, there is no risk of breaking something by updating it while it's running.

But how do I install anything if I can't write to the system? Most immutable distros work around that using universal packaging formats like flatpaks, snaps and appimages.

But that's not the only way to install stuff to an immutable distro. A lot of them actually still let you install packages to the system, in a dedicated layer. That's called "layering".

WHat this means is that you still have access to the distro's repos of packages, and you can still elect to install some, but you won't use the usual package manager, but another dedicated tool.

Some immutable distributions also use containers, generally with something like distrobox.

Another difference that can be considered a drawback is updating. Updates on immutable distros are never applied in place. When an update is available, they'll build another system image. So you end up with 2 systems; the one you're currently using, and the updated one, which is not currently active.
And you only get the updates after you reboot onto that new system image.

Another drawback is the complexity of these systems. Everything you try to do is different: installing a package doesn't use your usual package manager. Applying updates isn't the same command, or requires you to reboot to actually use the updated system.

Immutable distros are a different sort of system, with different tools to interact with things you might already know how to do.

Are they the future? Probably not. For servers, they make a lot of sense. For regular users, they do have a lot of advantages, but they also have a bunch of limitations that require the use of workarounds.

And so I don't think immutable distros will replace regular distros. They'll grow, and occupy a space next to let's call them "mutable" systems, but they'll probably never be the default thing most people use.

This entry was edited (1 month ago)

friendica (DFRN) - Link to source

Memories and RNA


I found this interesting in a way that really did not directly relate to the subject of the video, but they talk about an experiment where they train one creature, take RNA from it and inject it in another, and that creature then displays memories from the trained creature.

This suggests involvement in RNA in memories other than just genetic evolution memories, but actual memories acquired during the organisms lifetime.

And if this is the case, then you really have to wonder what the REAL purposes of Fauci's modified Covid-19 and Bill Gates MRNA vax was.

I asked the Linux Community to RANK 34 DISTROS, here are the results!


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Timestamps:
00:00 Intro
00:31 Sponsor: Kasm Workspaces
01:30 Where do the numbers come from
03:16 34th place: Deepin
04:08 33rd: ChromeOS Flex
04:53 32nd Manjaro
05:33 31st elementaryOS
06:11 30th Solus
06:43 29th mageia
07:26 28th Rhino Linux
08:05 27th KDE Neon
08:55 26th VanillaOS
10:00 25th ZorinOS
10:54 24th Peppermint OS
11:40 23rd Slackware
12:10 22nd OpenSUSE Leap
12:40 21st & 20th Puppy Linux & Linux Lite
13:41 19th MX Linux
14:32 18th Ubuntu
15:15 17th Gentoo
15:52 16th Tuxedo OS
16:43 15th NixOS
17:22 14th & 13th Debian Stable & Testing
18:25 12th Tumbleweed
18:53 11th Alpine
19:31 10th place
20:04 9th place
20:38 8th place
21:09 7th place place
21:49 6th place
22:27 5th place
23:09 4th & 3rd place
24:16 2nd place
25:01 1st place
25:54 Conclusion
26:30 Sponsor: Tuxedo Computers

#linuxdesktop #linux #bestlinux

All answers combined in a spreadsheet: nextcloud.thelinuxexp.com/indeโ€ฆ

This entry was edited (1 day ago)

Saw the new Mission Impossible movie and it was good. Villain had a great voice, and they did a lot to pay off plot points from other movies. The most unbelievable thing was that a shechimp was the most rational leader in America, but that was baked into the sci-fi of the setting ever since the smartest man in the world was cast as a fat man in movie 1.

It helps that I tried to watch the new black Roadhouse, where even the titular location had all Whiteness stripped from it and I'm supposed to believe a medium-sized jew is an unkillable meatslab that shakes the earth with every step. Suck my balls and just make a Patrick Swayze sequel.

L'application SIHA-DZ est-elle dรฉveloppรฉe en Algรฉrie ?


Second article concernant l'application SIHA-DZ lancรฉe par le Ministรจre de la santรฉ algรฉrien

Ceci est la suite du billet nยฐ01 dans lequel j'ai essayรฉ d'analyser le lancement mรฉdiatique de l'application SIHA-DZ lancรฉe par le ministรจre algรฉrien de la santรฉ en octobre 2018.

SIHA-DZ - Episode 02


Dans cette seconde partie, je vais essayer de braquer les projecteurs sur certains aspects de cette application dont le but supposรฉ รฉtait de faciliter aux citoyens et citoyennes algรฉriennes de gรฉolocaliser, c'est ร  dire, de trouver ร  l'aide d'une carte et de sa position GPS, les diffรฉrentes structures publiques et privรฉes de la santรฉ : Des hรดpitaux, des polycliniques, des salles de soin et des pharmacies y compris des pharmacies de garde.

SIHA-DZ disponible en tรฉlรฉchargement sur ...


Le site web du Ministรจre algรฉrien de la santรฉ a dรฉcidรฉ d'hรฉberger le fichier de l'application (en format APK) sur son propre espace de stockage et offre jusqu'ร  maintenant la possibilitรฉ de tรฉlรฉcharger ladite application sans offrir la possibilitรฉ de vรฉrifier le hash ou la signature du fichier.

Lien de tรฉlรฉchargement direct (attention) :
http://www.sante.gov.dz/downloads/sihadz.php

Ceci dit, pour faire les choses sรฉrieusement, le Ministรจre de la santรฉ a dรฉcidรฉ d'ouvrir un compte dรฉveloppeur pour pouvoir profiter de l'audience de Google Play Store afin de faciliter aux utilisateurs de tรฉlรฉcharger SIHA-DZ.

J'ai donc pris la peine de tรฉlรฉcharger l'application, ayant une taille d'environ 12 Mo et d'en analyser le code sous le capot. Je tiens ร  prรฉciser que j'ai tรฉlรฉchargรฉ l'APK hรฉbergรฉe sur le site web du ministรจre de la santรฉ et non celle de Google Play Store et vous allez savoir pourquoi.

SIHA-DZ sur Google Play Store


Le MSPRH, comprenez Ministรจre de la Santรฉ de la Population et de la Rรฉforme Hospitaliรจre a publiรฉ l'application sur Google Play Store, consultable par tout le monde sur ce lien :

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sante.gov.dz

Application SIHA-DZ - Description sur Google Play Store

Un utilisateur ne pourra donc pas se tromper, il peut se fier ร  cet รฉlรฉment clรฉ qui est l'adresse du dรฉveloppeur pour pouvoir tรฉlรฉcharger une application dite d'origine ... contrรดlรฉe et non pas un clone.

La seconde capture affiche clairement que le dรฉveloppeur que de l'application est :

dsii@sante.gov.dz

Application SIHA-DZ - Sur Google Play Store

SIHA-DZ - Sous le capot de l'application Android


Sous le capot et dans le code de du fichier APK tรฉlรฉchargรฉ depuis le site Web du MSPRH, comme dans toute application conรงue pour Android, on trouve ce qu'on appelle un fichier manifest.xml

Dans ce manifest, ce qui saute aux yeux c'est le nom du paquet.

com.maximeesprit.ClusteringGoogleMap

C'est ce qu'on peut voir clairement sur la capture d'รฉcran suivante :

Sous le capรดt de lโ€™application SIHA-DZ

N'importe quel utilisateur curieux n'a qu'ร  chercher l'expression com.maximeesprit.ClusteringGoogleMap sur un moteur de recherche ou voire mรชme sur Github pour avoir une explication, pourquoi le choix d'un tel nom de paquet pour une application dite algรฉrienne.

Toujours curieux, laissez votre recherche pour la fin, aprรจs avoir lu la suite de l'article ;)

SIHA-??


Le rรฉsultat de ma petite recherchรฉ m'a menรฉ vers le blog d'un ingรฉnieur franรงais en dรฉveloppement mobile : Maxime Esprit.

Aprรจs avoir fait le tour de certains de ses articles, je vous conseille d'ailleurs d'y jeter un ล“il sur son blog, peut รชtre que vous allez y apprendre un tas de choses, j'ai remarquรฉ une ressemblance de l'un de ses projets avec le code de l'application SIHA-DZ, lancรฉe par le Ministรจre algรฉrien de la Santรฉ, notamment certaines icรดnes ou markeurs utilisรฉes dans son projet.

Icรดnes du projet Android de Maxime Esprit.

J'ai dรฉcidรฉ de le contact via son blog histoire d'avoir le cล“ur net et si ce dรฉveloppement lui a รฉtรฉ confiรฉ.

Je suis fainรฉant, je n'รฉcris pas de longs mails, j'ai prรฉfรฉrรฉ que le contact soit bref. Voici mon message :

Siha-DZ - ร‰change de mail

Retranscription

Bonjour,
J'ai rencontrรฉ votre code sur l'une des apps du Ministรจre de la santรฉ algรฉrien sur le Play Store.
รŠtes-vous l'auteur de cette app. ?
Salutations amicales


Je n'ai pas attendu trop longtemps pour recevoir une rรฉponse, intriguรฉ par quelle application cela s'agit-il, Maxime me rรฉpond :

Retranscription

Bonjour,
Je n'ai pas travaillรฉ pour le Ministรจre de la santรฉ algรฉrien.
De quelle app s'agit-il ?
Bien cordialement


Capture d'รฉcran :

Siha-DZ - ร‰change de mail 2

Il fallait tout de mรชme prรฉciser, alors j'ai fais de mon mieux pour lui fournir des liens et des sources concernant cette application qui contient du code lui appartenant.

La prรฉsente capture รฉtant la rรฉponse contenant un lien vers un rapport Exodus Privacy et un lien vers l'article paru le 08 octobre 2018 sur le site web de Radio Algรฉrie.

Siha-DZ - ร‰change de mail 3

J'ai citรฉ notamment l'article de TSA-Algรฉrie oรน on peut lire clairement que l'application SIHA-DZ ne fonctionne pas.

Aprรจs avoir envoyรฉ plus de dรฉtails concernant cette application dont tout les mรฉdias ont parlรฉ comme souffler dans un seul saxophone, je reรงois une rรฉponse de Maxime

Bonjour
Je te confirme que je n'ai pas rรฉalisรฉ cette application. En revanche, en voyant les photos sur play store, je devine que l'auteur s'est inspirรฉ de mon article ... pour crรฉer sa Google Map et les regroupement de markers.
Il a certainement copiรฉ-collรฉ mon code, manifest y compris.
Si l'app ne fonctionne pas et que le dรฉveloppeur a ainsi copiรฉ collรฉ mon code sans mรชme modifier le nom du package ... c'est une preuve que ce n'est pas du tout un bon dรฉveloppeur android ^^
Merci d'รชtre entrรฉ en contact avec moi pour poser la question ๐Ÿ˜€


Siha-DZ - ร‰change de mail 4

Wut ?!


Euh ! Wut ! Ehchem Maxime ! J'avais envie de dire ร  Maxime que comment รงa c'est un mauvais dรฉveloppeur ? Ehchem c'est le Ministรจre de la santรฉ de la QowwaIqlimiyaSuperPuissanceContinentale mais je pense que รงa n'aurait rien changรฉ.

Je tiens ร  remercier Maxime pour ses rรฉponses rapides et franches ainsi que pour ses conseils. Perso, je ne m'y connais absolument pas en dรฉveloppement mobile et ... je ne fais pas de copier/coller des manifests des projets des autres comme Messaoudi Mawhoub.

Au fait, Messaoudi Mawhoub c'est le nom du dรฉveloppeur de l'application SIHA-DZ que vous pouvez trouver en signature de l'APK sur la rapport Exodus Privacy.

Lien : Rapport 33704 - Exodus Privacy

Bon, on fait quoi maintenant ? On se regarde dans les yeux ? On contact l'Office National du Droit d'Auteur (ONDA) ? On fait sortir les version 2 de SIHA-DZ ? On achรจte des prรฉservatifs ce soir chez l'รฉpicier ? On fait des excuses ร  Maxime ou bien ... On fume du thรฉ, on reste รฉveillรฉs, le cauchemar continue ?

La voix des utilisateurs et utilisatrices


Et les utilisateurs ont un avis tranchรฉ.

Avis des utilisateurs sur Google Play Store ร  propos de lโ€™application SIHA-DZ

Avis des utilisateurs sur Google Play Store ร  propos de lโ€™application SIHA-DZ

Merci de m'avoir lu !
Salutations aux mรฉdecins rรฉsidents algรฉriens et algรฉriennes ;) ainsi qu'aux devs Android arrรชtรฉs par la gendarmerie pour interrogatoires.

in reply to BoF

What are the implications for user trust and data security when a government health Crazy Cattle 3D Unblocked application is distributed via a direct APK download without hash verification or digital signature validation?

Go have a listen to my new album, The Mechanics of Mysticism, and immerse yourself in a psychedelic soundscape of weird wizard synth and uncanny ghostwave.

etherdiver.bandcamp.com/album/โ€ฆ

While you are there, sign up for this Sunday's Listening Party, where I'll delve into the making and inspirations of the album.

@psychedelicmusic
@electronicmusic
@experimentalmusic

#PsychedelicMusic #ExperimentalMusic #ListeningParty

Ahoy friends. The world needs more #comfy. If the weekend means a chance to relax or just more work/stress we're back to help you thru.

As a gift to old friends, for others to get a tiny taste of what #RFF was all about, and because times require comfy measures, we've popped up the Comfy Channel as it was for the month of June.

comfy.radiofreefedi.net

And at our festival venue in the lead up to #RFFF25

party.radiofreefedi.net

Support each other and indie artists!

๐Ÿน โค๏ธ #radioFreeFedi #music

Never Forget The War That Was Waged Against The Unvaccinated. Never. by End Wokeness

bitchute.com/video/gh6PzcnKe0Bโ€ฆ

Laterโ€
- Talk to you later
- Iโ€™ll call you later
- See you later
- Weโ€™ll walk later
- Iโ€™Il tell you later
We leave everything for later, but forget that
โ€œlaterโ€ does not belong to us
Later, our loved ones are no longer with us
Later, we donโ€™t hear them and we donโ€™t see them
Later, they are just memories.
Later, the day becomes night,

the force becomes helpless,
the smile becomes a grimace, & life becomes death
โ€œLaterโ€ becomes โ€œtoo lateโ€

Do it now

Author Unknown.

Don't leave things unsaid!

HHS Whistleblower Reveals Disturbing Details About the Deep State's Child Trafficking Ring

rumble.com/v6u3g6f-hhs-whistleโ€ฆ

freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/โ€ฆ

Comments at link above!!

"People need to be tried and executed rapidly, and publicly, not sent anywhere, where the taxpayers have to support them."

The elite class in British society, particularly those with left-leaning views, often spread misinformation to support their socially โ€œliberalโ€ agenda, Matt Goodwin says.

For example, in a recent interview with Rupert Lowe MP, Emily Maitlis, a former BBC presenter and now an independent podcaster, misrepresented evidence on Pakistani Muslim rape gangs, claiming that white British men are more likely to be involved in organised rape gangs.

However, evidence from various reports and investigations consistently shows that Pakistani Muslim men are disproportionately more likely to be arrested and convicted of organised rape gang activity. But this evidence is being suppressed because it is considered racist.

expose-news.com/2025/05/29/lefโ€ฆ

Blacks also already enjoy some of the perceived benefits of socialism that whites may not because of programs that specifically benefit their race. Making entitlements more widely available might even be worse for blacks. If Republicans want to win, they should not want someone like AOC to be the face of the Democrats. They should want Jasmine Crockett instead. #GregoryHood #Socialism #Democrats #Race

amren.com/features/2025/05/socโ€ฆ

Russia has issued a dire warning, branding Berlin a โ€œlegitimate nuclear targetโ€ as German Chancellor Friedrich Merz fuels escalating tensions by pushing to arm Ukraine with long-range Taurus missiles. Merzโ€™s provocative claim to ZDF that such deliveries are โ€œwithin the realms of possibilityโ€ signals a bold challenge to Moscowโ€™s red lines, heightening fears of nuclear retaliation.

Germanyโ€™s defense ministry further intensified the crisis, announcing that Berlin will finance the production of long-range weapons systems in Ukraine, with the first units potentially deployed by Ukrainian forces within weeks. This move, part of Merzโ€™s broader commitment to bolster Ukraineโ€™s military, aligns with his assertion that allies like the US, UK, and France have lifted arms restrictions, though Washington has yet to confirm this shift.

The Kremlinโ€™s response was swift and uncompromising, with the State Duma Defense Committee declaring that Russia will react โ€œharshly, asymmetrically, and decisivelyโ€ if Germany supplies Taurus missiles to Kyiv. This stark warning underscores the growing risk of direct confrontation, as Merzโ€™s aggressive stance, unbacked by clear allied consensus, places Berlin in Moscowโ€™s crosshairs, raising global alarm over the potential for catastrophic escalation.

thepeoplesvoice.tv/russia-warnโ€ฆ

SCOTUS, in a 7-2 decision with Justices Ketanji Brown Jackson and Sonia Sotomayor dissenting, ruled that Trump can end the parole pipeline while the case is pending appeal. #MassMigration #Trump #SCOTUS #AmRen

amren.com/news/2025/05/scotus-โ€ฆ

Salena Zito has written a powerful new Book, โ€œBUTLER: The Untold Story of the Near Assassination of Donald Trump and the Fight for Americaโ€™s Heartland.โ€ Salena was an eyewitness to that terrible day, and understands the unbreakable Spirit of our Movement to FIGHT, FIGHT, FIGHT. The Future of our Nation resides in the Hearts and Souls of the People of this Country, and Salena knows we will not rest until we, MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN. Preorder your copy today: a.co/d/gxGme6X

static-assets-1.truthsocial.coโ€ฆ

Politics, ICE, US military

Sensitive content

Votes have consequences. Every Trump supporter is to blame for what this woman went through. #USpol


A U.S. military wife from Australia is sharing her story after she was detained by border officials at the Honolulu airport.

(TLDR; Australian, cavity and strip searched, handcuffed, sent back to Australia without even seeing her husband).

youtube.com/watch?v=0cYsSl-twEโ€ฆ


Sensitive content

Here's another #privacy and #security wake up call for you, and yet ANOTHER reason never to hand your drivers' license over to anyone (even your doctor).

Do you have an Android phone? The built-in QR reader can read many more barcodes other than QR codes.

Scan the 2D barcode on the back of your drivers' license. The one that looks like a random block of thin and stacked black & white lines.

Here's my data. I have redacted sensitive things for my privacy:

@

ANSI 6#######0102DL0######9ZN03####06D#D#Q5#######7
DCSE######## (last name)
DDEU
DACGEORGE (first name)
DDFU
DAD###### (middle name)
DDGU
DCAD
DCBB
DCDNONE
DBD1######4 (date my drivers' license was issued)
DBB0######2 (my birthdate)
DBA1######2 (drivers' license expiration date)
DBC1
DAU### in (my height in inches)
DAYBRO (eye color)
DAG##### ######## RD SW (my street address)
DAIALBUQUERQUE (city)
DAJNM (state)
DAK#####0000  (ZIP/ postal code)
DCFunavl
DCGUSA (country of birth)
DAW### (unknown)
DCK5#########1 (drivers' license number w/ check digit)
DDAF
DDB0######2 (now this is interesting. Not sure what this is for, it's a date that is over 2 years earlier than me moving to New Mexico, in fact based on the date I hadn't even retired yet.)
DDK1
ZNZNA
Think twice before handing over your drivers' license to a bouncer at a bar or your doctors' office. That little barcode on the back of your license contains a LOT of personal information, information you may not want a bouncer or bar to have in their records. Same thing applies to hotels and stuff.

GET A PASSPORT CARD! Or present and carry your Passport Book (if you have one). If not, get one. For as much money as they cost and as much of a hassle that they are to get, they are a helluva lot more private and secure than your drivers' license.

12 GREAT command line programs YOU recommended!


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02:23 Package manager for CLI apps
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#Linux #terminal #commandline #linuxcommunity #linuxcommands #linuxcommands

So, our first recommendation will be homebrew, it's sort of a pre-requisite to get a lot of command line utilities that your distro might not have packaged.

You can install homebrew with one command line, and then you can get any CLI utility you want by running brew install, followed by the name of the tool you need.

Our second pick is FZF, for Fuzzy Find. It lets you search files extremely fast using their names, but it can also look through command history, processes, bookmarks, git commits, and more.

ATUIN thing replaces your shell history with a database you can search through super easily. Once it's installed with brew, press the up arrow key or control +r, and you'll get a search interface to look for all your commands.

CHEZMOI lets you manage your dotfiles. It lets you share these config files across devices by syncing them to a got repo, and it can interface with a very large variety of password managers to keep everything safe.

If you use a laptop, and you find Linux's batter life to be a bit subpar, maybe look at POWERTOP.
Just run the command powertop, and you'll see all processes. Using tab, you can navigate to various statistics, but also to the "tunables" screen, which will show you what powertop identifies as a bad configuration for battery life.

If you'd like to tune these, you can rune powertop --auto-tune, and it will change all the settings to what it believes are "good" options for battery life saving, although it might impact the performance.

If you'd like to quickly analyze what uses a lot of disk space on your computer, or on a remote server, you might want to replace the du and df commands with DUST.

If you run a dual boot, and you're facing problems with accessing one of your installed systems, you can force GRUB to reboot into a specific system, just for the next boot, using the grub-reboot command, followed by the number of the grub entry for that system.

If you need to monitor for resource usage on your computer, you might be using top, or htop, but BTOP is a better option. It looks better than htop or top, and it's also more legible.

If you often use the cat command to read a file, maybe try BAT instead. It does the same thing, but it also has syntax highlighting for a bunch of files, and it communicates with git to show modifications in files, with the usual Plus and minuses symbols.

If man is too much for you and is too much reading, and if the --help option isn't enough, why not try TLDR? It gives you an abridged version of the contents of MAN for most of the available programs and commands, and it makes things more legible, and easier to parse at a glance.

If you like to split a terminal or a tty into multiple terminals, ZELLIJ is a nice alternative to things like tmux. It's basically a tiling window manager for your terminal workspace: you can define your own layout, it supports plugins, floating panes, and more.

You can run it by running the zellij command, and then you can create a new pane pressing alt + N, you can move a pane using control +h, or make it floating with Control + P, then W.

If you often use ls to list files in a directory, you might want to take a look at EZA. It does the same job, as in, it lists the contents of a directory, but it does it with way more details, and a more legible interface.

This entry was edited (4 days ago)

The Human #Brain May Contain as Much as a Spoonโ€™s Worth of #Microplastics, New #Research Suggests


source: smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/โ€ฆ

#Microplastic concentrations were also three to five times higher in the brains of patients with #dementia, compared to cognitively normal brains. Itโ€™s not clear whether microplastics may cause or contribute to dementia, nor whether dementia-induced changes to the brain might allow more microplastics to enter.


#health #humanity #economy #food #news #science #warning #danger #mental #problem #environment

This is simply COMMON SENSE!

ANY politician who believes allowing illegal criminals into our country should be called out for what they are (anti-American Marxist criminal enablers) and summarily defeated in the next elections.

t.me/WeTheMedia

reshared this

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