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I want to shred/sanitize my SSDs. If it was a normal harddrive I would stick to ShredOS / nwipe, but since SSD's seem to be a little more complicated, I need your advice.
When reading through some posts in the internet, many people recommend using the software from the manufacturer for sanitizing. Currently I am using the SSD SN850X from Western digital, but I also have a SSD 990 PRO from Samsung. Both manufacturers don't seem to have a specialized linux-compatible software to perform this kind of action.
How would be your approach to shred your SSD (without physically destroying it)?
but: it depends on how you connect the nvme ssd to your system. if you use an external enclosure/adapter the nvme would show up as /dev/sda because it is not attached to the proper interface. i did not manage to get nvme cli to work in that case.
but, and that is the much easier way to solve that issue: the bios is your friend. most modern bios provide a secure erase nvme option. so just stick the nvme ssd in your computer and try to do it that way. only took a couple of seconds due to the way it works on nvme ssds as far as i understand.
that said: i've got two older WD nvme ssds that i could't format using four (!) different PC's and their bioses, non of the manufactures software for windows or bootable usb sticks would work either (tried the latter on three different PC's) and the external enclosure solution provided no help either. only the bios of an older asrock board easily accepted the nvme and managed to secure erase it. no clue what went wrong the first times but at least they are clean now.
My response would normally be: dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/sdX ba=1024M, followed by a sync. Lowest common denominator nearly always wins in my book over specialty programs that aren't part of minimal core; tools that also happen to be in BusyBox are the best.
What makes this situation special enough for something more complex than dd? Do SSDs not actually save the data you tell them to? I'm trying to guess at how writing a disk's worth of garbage directly to the device would fail. I'm imagining some holographic effect, where you can actually store more data than the drive holds. A persistent, on disk cache that has no way of directly affecting, but which can somehow be read later and can hold latent data?
If I were really, I'd dd, read the entire disk to /dev/null, then dd again. How would this not be sufficient?
I'm honestly trying to figure out what the catch is, here, and why this was even a question - OP doesn't sound like a novice.
SSDs don't store the data like HDDs, where you'd overwrite the same part on a magnetic platter. The controller on a SSD will instead handle it, do some magic and decide what to do. So if you use dd to replace some part with zeros, it might instead invalidate the old data, allocate new memory to you and not really overwrite anything. That's why SSDs have separate commands for wiping content.
I agree dd isn't useful for individual files. I contend that if I have an SSD of size X, and I write X amount of random bytes to it, there's nothing magic about the SSD construction that will preserve any previous information on the drive. Wear leveling can not magically make the drive store more data than it can hold.
Well, in fact it can. That's "overprovisioning". The SSD has some amount of reserved space as replacement for bad cells, and maybe to speed things up. So if you overwrite 100% of what you've access to on the SSD, you'd still have X amount of data you didn't catch. But loosely speaking you're right. If you overwrite the entire SSD and not just files or one partition or something like that, you'd force it to replace most of the content. I wouldn't recommend it, though. There is secure erase, blkdiscard and some nvme format commands which do it the right way. And 'dd' is just a method that get's it about right (though not 100%) in one specific case.
Hum. I read that blkdiscard only marks the blocks (cells?) as empty, and doesn't change the contents; and that a sophisticated enough lab can still read the bits.
In particular, the disk has to claim to support "Deterministic read ZEROs after TRIM"; if it doesn't, you have no guarantee of erasure. Without knowing anything about the make and model, blkdiscard would be categorically less secure.
Yes, thanks. Just invalidating or trimming the memory doesn't cut it. OP wants it erased so it needs to be one of the proper erase commands. I think blkdiscard also has flags for that, so I believe you could do it with that command as well.
I did read (on the Arch wiki) that blkdiscard -z is identical to dd if=/dev/zero, so that tracks. It's (blkdiscard) is easier to use. However, given my memory and how infrequently I'll ever use it, I'll have forgotten the name of the command by next week. I'll never forget dd, though, mainly because it's more general purpose and I use it occasionally.
I'm not sure about that. I think OP wants something like ATA secure erase. That would be hdparm and a bunch of options, and not blkdiscard. Unles they specifically know what they're doing and what options to pick.
Simple solution is to use cryptsetup to encrypt it, forget the key, and optionally overwrite the first megabyte or so of the disk (where the LUKS header is).
Any NVME worth it's salt these days is an OPAL adhering self encrypting drive for data storage.
This means in Linux you simply install nvme-cli, then do a mode 2 crypto erase and the crypto key is dropped and all data on the drive becomes unreadable.
Y'all could stand to get with the times a bit more and learn about what NVME's actually bring to the table
I did some light reading. I see claims that wear leveling only ever writes only to zeroed sectors. Let me get this straight:
If I have a 1TB ssd, and I write 1TB of SecretData, and then I delete and write 1TB of garbage to the disk, it's not actually holding 2TB of data, with the SecretData hidden underneath wear leveling? That's the claim? And if I overwrite that with another 1TB of garbage it's holding, what now, 3TB of data? Each data sequence hidden somehow by the magic of wear leveling?
Skeptical Ruaraidh is skeptical. Wear leveling ensures data on an SSD is written to free sectors with the lowest write count. It can't possibly be retaining data if data the maximum size of the device is written to it.
I see a popular comment on SO saying you can't trust dd on SSDs, and I challenge that: in this case, wiping an entire disk by dumping /dev/random must clean the SSD of all other data. Otherwise, someone's invented the storage version of a perpetual motion device. To be safe, sync and read it, and maybe dumb again, but I really can't see how an SSD world hold more data than it can.
You reduce every single cell's write lifespan by 2 times; with modern life spans of 3,000-100,000 writes per cell, it's not significant.
Someone mentioned blkdiscard. If you really aren't concerned about forensic analysis, this is probably the fastest and least impactful answer: it won't affect cell lives by even a measly 2 writes. But it also doesn't actually remove the data, it just tells the SSD that those cells are free and empty. Probably really hard to reconstruct data from that, but also probably not impossible. dd is a shredding option: safer, slower, and with a tiny impact on drive lifespan.
in this case, wiping an entire disk by dumping /dev/random must clean the SSD of all other data.
Your conclusion is incorrect because you made the assumption that the SSD has exactly the advertised storage or infinite storage. What if it's over-provisioned by a small margin, though?
Then over-writing the size by a few gigs, reading the entire disk, and writing it again - as I put in my example - should work. In any case blkdiscard is not guaranteed to zero data unless the disk specifically supports that capability, and data can be forensically extracted from a blkdiscarded disk.
The Arch wiki says blkdiscard -z is equivalent to running dd if=/dev/zero.
I don't see how attempting to over-write would help. The additional blocks are not addressable on the OS side. dd will exit because it reached the end of the visible device space but blocks will remain untouched internally.
The Arch wiki says blkdiscard -z is equivalent to running dd if=/dev/zero.
Where does it say that? Here it seems to support the opposite. The linked paper says that two passes worked "in most cases", but the results are unreliable. On one drive they found 1GB of data to have survived 20 passes.
I hate using Stack Exchange as a source of truth, but the Arch wiki references this discussion which points out that not all SSDs support "Deterministic read ZEROs after TRIM", meaning a pure blkdiscard is not guaranteed to clear data (unless the device is advertised with that feature), leaving it available for forensics. Which means having to use --secure, which is (also) not supported by all devices, which means having to use -z, which the previous source claims is equivalent to dd if=/dev/zero.
So the SSD is hiding extra, inaccessible, cells. How does blkdiscard help? Either the blocks are accessible, or they aren't. How are you getting a the hidden cells with blkdiscard? The paper you referenced does not mention blkdiscard directly as that's a Linux-specific command, but other references imply or state it's just calling TRIM. That same paper, in a footnote below section 3.3, claims TRIM adds no reliable data security.
It looks like - especially from that security paper - that the cells are inaccessible and not reliably clearable by any mechanism. blkdiscard then adds no security over dd, and I'd be interested to see whether, with -z, it's any faster than dd since it perforce would have to write zeros to all blocks just the same, rather than just marking them "discarded".
I feel that, unless you know the SDD supports secure trim, or you always use -z, dd is safer, since blkdiscard can give you a false sense of security, and TRIM adds no assurances about wiping those hidden cells.
TEHRAN (Tasnim) – Air traffic at the Mitiga International Airport in Tripoli returned to a regular schedule, the director of the airport, Ibrahim Farkash, announced Saturday.
So Ive been using linux for a long time and mostly with gnome. I know about window managers and how using them will reduce the memory usage by system a lot because they are less bloated etc. I want to try a window manager on my nixos machine - this will be my first time trying one, I have good knowledge in programming so technical stuff wont bother me that much. Which window manager do you suggest? Customization is my priority.
gnome + paperwm, on a laptop I found there are so many things that are a headache to configure, like battery alerts, bluetooth, wifi that it's just a hassle for what amounts to like half an hour longer battery life
If you like programming Python, then Qtile is a good option. Qtile is written itself in Python, but more importantly, the configuration file of it is a ~~Qtile~~ Python program. Meaning you can use all programming skills like functions and loops and other stuff in your configuration file directly. It works in Wayland and in X11.
Wayland: SwayWM, River (the most customizable wm I've ever used).
X11: DWM (configured via C, a little bit of effort if you're not a minimalist), xmonad (via Haskell, on par with River).
My recommendation for getting started is Sway, but the others are definitely more customizable, as they use PLs for configuration. BSPWM and i3 are also good for X11, and a good middle ground between DWM's nerdery and xmonad's Haskell barrier. Wayland offers a much better experience if you're not using Nvidia though. Some will recommend hyprland, but I really don't like (IMHO). There are also some controversies around it's leadership....
One thing that has kept me on dwm for so long is that my patched configuration no longer needs any more changes and I take it with me wherever I go. it was challenging but rewarding.
Never an upgrade needed.
I eventually want to go to Wayland and River seems nice!
I liked using open box, looks pretty decent and user friends from the get go and uses fewer resources then most desktop environments. If you do use open box I would use the tint2 task bar with it. I hadn't explored window managers in some time but that's what I would suggest for getting a tip top performance out of any device. (maybe not the max but pretty close, while looking more modern like.
It really depends on whether you like the keyboard and tiling widow managers, or if you like dragging windows around and resizing them. Tiling widow managers are popular, but they're definitely a taste.
hlwm and bspwm are a - "configurationless" breed - I think river on Wayland is the same. This has become my one requirement for a window manager. Every configuration is done through a command line client call, and it's game changing. The "configuration" is just a specific shell script hlwm runs when it starts up, and it's full of whatever client calls needed to configure the system. Every call in that script can be run outside the script; it's literally a just shell script. I run all sorts of things in that script: launching "desktoppy" programs like kanata, setx, autostart programs that start on a specific screen; one script lays out one screen in a complex 2x1 layout where each pane is tabbed and contains three terminals each, and then launches terminals that connect to various remote computers - that's my "remote server" screen, and it's all set up when I log in.
However - definitely for tiling enthusiasts. I used i3 for a decade before I found bspwm, which converted me to configurationless WMs, and I ended up with hlwm. It's honestly what's preventing me from giving Wayland a serious go, although river might do the trick.
Hm? Both bspwm and herbstluftwm have tabbed layouts. It's been so long since I've used i3, but it has them too, right? Sway's a mostly config-compatible, mostly client compatible i3 clone for Wayland, so I'd expect it to have tabs, too. As well as floating windows, which every tabbing WM I've used also supports.
I think I missed your point. What are you saying? Did I say something that made you think I thought tiling WMs could only do tiling?
What I'm opinionated about is configuration files. Technically, even a desktop could be configuration-less, although I've never seen one. I have become insistent that my WM have no configuration that isn't set through a client call. Sway still uses a config file like i3; mostly the same config file, unless it's drifted significantly. That was Sway's whole killer feature: i3 users could switch from X11 to Wayland with only minor configuration file changes.
Tiling widow managers are popular, but they’re definitely a taste.
Oh, I refered to that in your post. To me all WMs/compositors are a matter of taste, including stacking ones (on wayland from the stacking ones I only like labwc though it's xml config is not what I would prefer). And you already clarified, but it gave me the impression that it was implicit that tiling was a matter of taste, when those WMs/compositors also offer tabbed/stacked mode, which to me it's not tiling at all, and offers something really appealing not so easily to achieve on any stacking WM/compositor.
Regarding config, well yes, if one is looking for no config at all, and still get the WM/compositor to be useful and also to one's liking, then that's hard to find. But the config files once achieving what one likes and is productive with, then one barely looks at it again, and they are usually portable (usually not only across PCs, also across distros).
But I got your point, sort of "plug and play" as they said before, just install it and without any config be productive with it... I can't imagine that. I heard river is pretty close to dwm, but I can't tell much about it. The river idea of dynamic tiling, which seems to be the default doesn't really appeal to me, so I would need to do tabbed mode any ways, which doesn't seem to be the default, so at least for me it wouldn't be that configless... But maybe it would be to dynamic tiling people.
Otto Kuusinen: As long as the working class wages only an economic struggle, the bourgeoisie does not see in that any great danger for itself; but when the working class organises politically, i.e., creates a political party which expresses its will as a class, the bourgeoisie begins seriously to fear for its rule. That is why reaction deals its main blows against the political party of the working class. At the same time, trying to undermine the party from within, capitalist propaganda endeavours to persuade the workers that they can do without their own party. One of the manifestations of bourgeois influence on the working class is the anarchist and anarcho-syndicalist denial of the leading role of a political party.
Democritus: Not from fear but from a sense of duty refrain from your sins.
Democritus: Many who have not learned wisdom live wisely, and many who do the basest deeds can make most learned speeches.
Democritus: Fools learn wisdom through misfortune.
Democritus: Strength of body is nobility in beasts of burden, strength of character is nobility in men.
Democritus: Neither art nor wisdom may be attained without learning.
Democritus: It is better to correct your own faults than those of another.
Democritus: Good means not (merely) not to do wrong, but rather not to desire to do wrong.
Democritus: Fame and wealth without wisdom are unsafe possessions.
Muammar Gaddafi: We will not surrender. We will defeat them by any means. We are ready for the fight, whether it will be a short or a long one. We will be victorious in the end. This assault is by a bunch of fascists who will end up in the dustbin of history.
Democritus: By convention sweet is sweet, bitter is bitter, hot is hot, cold is cold, color is color; but in truth there are only atoms and the void.
Democritus: We know nothing accurately in reality, but (only) as it changes according to the bodily condition, and the constitution of those things that flow upon (the body) and impinge upon it.
Democritus: Medicine heals diseases of the body, wisdom frees the soul from passions.
Democritus: Immoderate desire is the mark of a child, not a man.
Democritus: Men have fashioned an image of Chance as an excuse for their own stupidity.
Democritus: In a shared fish, there are no bones.
Democritus: Education is an ornament for the prosperous, a refuge for the unfortunate.
Democritus: The animal needing something knows how much it needs, the man does not.
Democritus: Moderation multiplies pleasures, and increases pleasure.
Democritus: If your desires are not great, a little will seem much to you; for small appetite makes poverty equivalent to wealth.
Democritus: No power and no treasure can outweigh the extension of our knowledge.
Democritus: In fact we do not know anything infallibly, but only that which changes according to the condition of our body and of the (influences) that reach and impinge upon it.
Democritus: Of practical wisdom these are the three fruits: to deliberate well, to speak to the point, to do what is right.
Democritus: 'Tis not in strength of body nor in gold that men find happiness, but in uprightness and in fulness of understanding.
Democritus: He who does wrong is more unhappy than he who suffers wrong.
Samuel P. Huntington: The West won the world not by the superiority of its ideas or values or religion (to which few members of other civilizations were converted) but rather by its superiority in applying organized violence. Westerners often forget this fact; non-Westerners never do.
Marjori Palmer: One of the most morale-damaging aspects of the inflation was the "sack of Germany" that occurred at the height of the (1923) inflation. Anyone who possessed dollars or sterling was king in Germany. A few American dollars would allow a man to live like a millionaire. Foreigners swarmed into the country, buying up family treasures, estates, jewelry and art works at unbelievable low prices.
Lionel Robbins: It was the most colossal thing of its kind in history: and next probably to the Great War itself, it must bear responsibility for many of the political and economic difficulties of our generation. It destroyed the wealth of the more solid elements of German society: and left behind a moral and economic disequilibrium, a breeding ground for the disasters which have followed. Hitler is the foster child of the inflation.
Lenin: There is no trace of utopianism in Marx, in the sense that he made up or invented a 'new' society. No, he studied the birth of the new society out of the old, and the forms of transition from the latter to the former, as a natural-historical process. He examined the actual experience of a proletarian mass movement and tried to draw practical lessons from it.
Che Guevara: Many will call me an adventurer - and that I am, only one of a different sort: one of those who risks his skin to prove his platitudes.
Democritus: The first principles of the universe are atoms and empty space; everything else is merely thought to exist.
Bertolt Brecht: Lenin is enshrined In the large heart of the working class.
Israeli airstrikes in Gaza killed at least 103 people, including many women and children, while the main hospital in northern Gaza was forced to shut down.
#Who Truly #Owns the #World? You’re in for a shocking #revelation! old.bitchute.com/video/uLiZD8D… Who Owns The World? The Surprising #Truth About Every Piece of #Land on The #Planet is an encyclopedic accounting of land ownership on our globe. It is packed with fascinating facts: Did you know that Queen Elizabeth owns 1/6th of all the land on earth? Did you know that the largest private landowner in the U.S. is Ted Turner, who owns 1,800,000 acres of land? (Yes, all those zeroes belong in that number.) Have you ever heard of the British Indian Ocean Territory, a land area of 14,720 acres which is now believed to be used as a prison for those captured in the war on terror?
Though most of the 369-page paperback is devoted to information about who controls every square inch of land, authors Kevin Cahill and Rob McMahon explain their purpose in putting this book together: This book asserts that the main cause of most remaining poverty in the world is an excess of landownership in too few hands. This book will also assert that private ownership of a very small amount on land – one-tenth of an urban acre or an acre or two of rural land – granted to every person on the planet has the potential to, and, I believe, begin ending poverty on a global basis. The book will go further and reassert that the right to the direct ownership of land is a fundamental human right.
After a 60-page introduction that unpacks these assertions, the remainder of the book surveys every country of the world, giving information about population, size, gross national income, percentage of land held by private owners, a line or two about the country’s history, and an explanation of how the country is owned.
The book doesn’t offer solutions to the inequalities presented in the book (a handful of kings, queens, sheiks, religious institutions and individuals control most of the land on earth) or do much to tackle the dicey issues of political and/or ethnic identity that have shaped most modern nation-states. But then again, it isn’t meant to do so. Who Owns The World? tells a compelling, unsettling story with stats, and is an interesting reference tool for students and those interested in international politics.
Who Truly Owns the World? You’re in for a shocking revelation!
Grab your free PDF by clicking the link below!
Who Owns The World? The Surprising Truth About Every Piece of Land on The Planet is an encyclopedic accounting of land ownership on o…
I want to begin with thanking everyone who wrote a support letter or went to a support event this past year- thank you so much! I know that your solidarity connects incarcerated resisters with so much strength and love. I wish I could have replied to every letter I received – and I will be adding several new contacts to my correspondence list and writing back as much as I can…..This year has been a tough one for me. My twelve-years-long gender-affirming surgery quest was abruptly torpedoed by an administration whose sole mission has been hate and division. On the verge of surgery, successfully integrated into a predominantly-male identified prison population (for years) – I was unceremoniously kidnapped and thrown into the SHU due to an Executive Order making my gender illegal and erasing my rights as a citizen. Since then, I have been transferred to a predominantly female-identified prison population at the Federal Satellite Low in Danbury, Connecticut. It’s been an adjustment socially, but my community here has been very welcoming and affirming. I work as a peer support for an integrated program treating trauma and addiction. That feels meaningful, as so many people lose control over their lives, and often even their very lives, because of untreated addiction problems. I really feel that the international epidemic has at its heart the sense of despair and alienation that so many feel right now.
It’s been an intense year for all communities of resistance – whether we were focusing on the war on Gaza or the war on immigrants. We have been hard-pressed to provide support to those among us who have been damaged by the increasing attacks on women, immigrants, as well as transgender and queer people. The past six months have been a military march backward in human evolution as even the most basic social agreements on the rights of individuals in a society have been violated time and again. Rights guaranteed at the signing of the Magna Carta – rights that were at the heart of the conflict between England and the former colonies, are being systematically disemboweled. It has been said that if we do not learn from history, then we are doomed to repeat it. We have seen the onset of fascism before, and should recognize it now. So…these times are a challenge to any who desire real freedom, who passionately espouse justice and who honor and respect human dignity – and who persist in the belief that we are responsible for each other and to each other and our shared home, this Earth. The strength to face this challenge will come from solidarity…this is always our secret weapon against the venal brutalities of fascism.
Been seeing a lot of these threads with impossibly open-ended barely tenuous one-liner quotations being posted around technical communities. Is those a new AI thing?
Otto Kuusinen: As long as the working class wages only an economic struggle, the bourgeoisie does not see in that any great danger for itself; but when the working class organises politically, i.e., creates a political party which expresses its will as a class, the bourgeoisie begins seriously to fear for its rule. That is why reaction deals its main blows against the political party of the working class. At the same time, trying to undermine the party from within, capitalist propaganda endeavours to persuade the workers that they can do without their own party. One of the manifestations of bourgeois influence on the working class is the anarchist and anarcho-syndicalist denial of the leading role of a political party.
Democritus: Not from fear but from a sense of duty refrain from your sins.
Democritus: Many who have not learned wisdom live wisely, and many who do the basest deeds can make most learned speeches.
Democritus: Fools learn wisdom through misfortune.
Democritus: Strength of body is nobility in beasts of burden, strength of character is nobility in men.
Democritus: Neither art nor wisdom may be attained without learning.
Democritus: It is better to correct your own faults than those of another.
Democritus: Good means not (merely) not to do wrong, but rather not to desire to do wrong.
Democritus: Fame and wealth without wisdom are unsafe possessions.
Muammar Gaddafi: We will not surrender. We will defeat them by any means. We are ready for the fight, whether it will be a short or a long one. We will be victorious in the end. This assault is by a bunch of fascists who will end up in the dustbin of history.
Democritus: By convention sweet is sweet, bitter is bitter, hot is hot, cold is cold, color is color; but in truth there are only atoms and the void.
Democritus: We know nothing accurately in reality, but (only) as it changes according to the bodily condition, and the constitution of those things that flow upon (the body) and impinge upon it.
Democritus: Medicine heals diseases of the body, wisdom frees the soul from passions.
Democritus: Immoderate desire is the mark of a child, not a man.
Democritus: Men have fashioned an image of Chance as an excuse for their own stupidity.
Democritus: In a shared fish, there are no bones.
Democritus: Education is an ornament for the prosperous, a refuge for the unfortunate.
Democritus: The animal needing something knows how much it needs, the man does not.
Democritus: Moderation multiplies pleasures, and increases pleasure.
Democritus: If your desires are not great, a little will seem much to you; for small appetite makes poverty equivalent to wealth.
Democritus: No power and no treasure can outweigh the extension of our knowledge.
Democritus: In fact we do not know anything infallibly, but only that which changes according to the condition of our body and of the (influences) that reach and impinge upon it.
Democritus: Of practical wisdom these are the three fruits: to deliberate well, to speak to the point, to do what is right.
Democritus: 'Tis not in strength of body nor in gold that men find happiness, but in uprightness and in fulness of understanding.
Democritus: He who does wrong is more unhappy than he who suffers wrong.
Samuel P. Huntington: The West won the world not by the superiority of its ideas or values or religion (to which few members of other civilizations were converted) but rather by its superiority in applying organized violence. Westerners often forget this fact; non-Westerners never do.
Marjori Palmer: One of the most morale-damaging aspects of the inflation was the "sack of Germany" that occurred at the height of the (1923) inflation. Anyone who possessed dollars or sterling was king in Germany. A few American dollars would allow a man to live like a millionaire. Foreigners swarmed into the country, buying up family treasures, estates, jewelry and art works at unbelievable low prices.
Lionel Robbins: It was the most colossal thing of its kind in history: and next probably to the Great War itself, it must bear responsibility for many of the political and economic difficulties of our generation. It destroyed the wealth of the more solid elements of German society: and left behind a moral and economic disequilibrium, a breeding ground for the disasters which have followed. Hitler is the foster child of the inflation.
Lenin: There is no trace of utopianism in Marx, in the sense that he made up or invented a 'new' society. No, he studied the birth of the new society out of the old, and the forms of transition from the latter to the former, as a natural-historical process. He examined the actual experience of a proletarian mass movement and tried to draw practical lessons from it.
Che Guevara: Many will call me an adventurer - and that I am, only one of a different sort: one of those who risks his skin to prove his platitudes.
Democritus: The first principles of the universe are atoms and empty space; everything else is merely thought to exist.
Bertolt Brecht: Lenin is enshrined In the large heart of the working class.
Civil rights groups Palestine Legal and the Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR) today announced the filing of a " friend of the court" brief in the lawsuit against the Trump administration's abrupt cancellation of $400 million in critical federal…
Pour rappel l’ONU a exigé le démantèlement des colonies israéliennes d’ici le 25 septembre. Que fait la France ? Que fait l’Union européenne ? Elles financent et soutiennent la politique coloniale israélienne en notre nom.
Un fou qui fait la guerre sans les lois de la guerre !
Ils mentent quand ils disent qu’ils font la guerre. Ils bafouent toutes les lois de la guerre, tuent les sans défense sans rendre de comptes, détruisent et brûlent tout ce qui est vert et sec.
Honnêtement, ils ne sont plus une armée, Mais ils revinrent comme ils étaient venus la première fois ; gangs criminels, Vous ne savez tuer que les enfants, les femmes et les personnes âgées. Vous ne pouvez pas prendre la décision de prendre d’assaut Gaza, Vous ne pouvez pas appeler les soldats de réserve, Les politiciens ne font pas confiance à l’armée, L’armée ne considère pas que les objectifs des politiciens soient réalisables. 40% de ceux qui ont cru au mensonge sur la Terre Promise veulent la quitter et ne jamais y revenir. C'est le début de la fin
Emmanuel Macron : un bilan sévèrement jugé par 71% des Français après huit ans à l’Élysée À deux ans de la fin de son mandat, Emmanuel Macron essuie un rejet record : 71% des Français jugent son bilan négatif, selon un sondage Odoxa-Backbone pour Le.
Avec une population comptant 50% de femmes, dont un bon pourcentage de mémère, le considérant comme le gendre idéal, globalement c'est effectivement un échec (que tout le monde a vu venir, sauf les blondes;)
A day has passed in the fast moving reportage on the peace talks from when this video with the Indian broadcaster was recorded, but I remain satisfied with my appreciation of the improbability of these talks producing any results given the wholly irr…
Otto Kuusinen: As long as the working class wages only an economic struggle, the bourgeoisie does not see in that any great danger for itself; but when the working class organises politically, i.e., creates a political party which expresses its will as a class, the bourgeoisie begins seriously to fear for its rule. That is why reaction deals its main blows against the political party of the working class. At the same time, trying to undermine the party from within, capitalist propaganda endeavours to persuade the workers that they can do without their own party. One of the manifestations of bourgeois influence on the working class is the anarchist and anarcho-syndicalist denial of the leading role of a political party.
Democritus: Not from fear but from a sense of duty refrain from your sins.
Democritus: Many who have not learned wisdom live wisely, and many who do the basest deeds can make most learned speeches.
Democritus: Fools learn wisdom through misfortune.
Democritus: Strength of body is nobility in beasts of burden, strength of character is nobility in men.
Democritus: Neither art nor wisdom may be attained without learning.
Democritus: It is better to correct your own faults than those of another.
Democritus: Good means not (merely) not to do wrong, but rather not to desire to do wrong.
Democritus: Fame and wealth without wisdom are unsafe possessions.
Muammar Gaddafi: We will not surrender. We will defeat them by any means. We are ready for the fight, whether it will be a short or a long one. We will be victorious in the end. This assault is by a bunch of fascists who will end up in the dustbin of history.
Democritus: By convention sweet is sweet, bitter is bitter, hot is hot, cold is cold, color is color; but in truth there are only atoms and the void.
Democritus: We know nothing accurately in reality, but (only) as it changes according to the bodily condition, and the constitution of those things that flow upon (the body) and impinge upon it.
Democritus: Medicine heals diseases of the body, wisdom frees the soul from passions.
Democritus: Immoderate desire is the mark of a child, not a man.
Democritus: Men have fashioned an image of Chance as an excuse for their own stupidity.
Democritus: In a shared fish, there are no bones.
Democritus: Education is an ornament for the prosperous, a refuge for the unfortunate.
Democritus: The animal needing something knows how much it needs, the man does not.
Democritus: Moderation multiplies pleasures, and increases pleasure.
Democritus: If your desires are not great, a little will seem much to you; for small appetite makes poverty equivalent to wealth.
Democritus: No power and no treasure can outweigh the extension of our knowledge.
Democritus: In fact we do not know anything infallibly, but only that which changes according to the condition of our body and of the (influences) that reach and impinge upon it.
Democritus: Of practical wisdom these are the three fruits: to deliberate well, to speak to the point, to do what is right.
Democritus: 'Tis not in strength of body nor in gold that men find happiness, but in uprightness and in fulness of understanding.
Democritus: He who does wrong is more unhappy than he who suffers wrong.
Samuel P. Huntington: The West won the world not by the superiority of its ideas or values or religion (to which few members of other civilizations were converted) but rather by its superiority in applying organized violence. Westerners often forget this fact; non-Westerners never do.
Marjori Palmer: One of the most morale-damaging aspects of the inflation was the "sack of Germany" that occurred at the height of the (1923) inflation. Anyone who possessed dollars or sterling was king in Germany. A few American dollars would allow a man to live like a millionaire. Foreigners swarmed into the country, buying up family treasures, estates, jewelry and art works at unbelievable low prices.
Lionel Robbins: It was the most colossal thing of its kind in history: and next probably to the Great War itself, it must bear responsibility for many of the political and economic difficulties of our generation. It destroyed the wealth of the more solid elements of German society: and left behind a moral and economic disequilibrium, a breeding ground for the disasters which have followed. Hitler is the foster child of the inflation.
Lenin: There is no trace of utopianism in Marx, in the sense that he made up or invented a 'new' society. No, he studied the birth of the new society out of the old, and the forms of transition from the latter to the former, as a natural-historical process. He examined the actual experience of a proletarian mass movement and tried to draw practical lessons from it.
Che Guevara: Many will call me an adventurer - and that I am, only one of a different sort: one of those who risks his skin to prove his platitudes.
Democritus: The first principles of the universe are atoms and empty space; everything else is merely thought to exist.
Bertolt Brecht: Lenin is enshrined In the large heart of the working class.
Recent events suggest that the West may soon find itself compelled to reach an agreement with Russia over Libya. Join us on Telegram, Twitter, and VK.…
Unlike past offensives, this operation focuses on holding territory to prevent Hamas from regaining control, IDF Spokesperson Brig. Gen. Effie Defrin said.
When applied with precision, marble can transform compact rooms into bright, spacious, and luxurious havens. Here's how to make it happen.
Living in an HDB or condo often means working with limited square footage, but clever design can make small spaces feel expansive. One standout material? Marble. When applied with precision, marble can transform compact rooms into bright, spacious, and luxurious havens. Here's how to make it happen.
1. Embrace Light Hues
Light colors are key to opening up small spaces. Whites, soft greys, and creamy tones reflect light, creating an airy, open vibe. That's why luxury marble tiles in pale shades are ideal for compact homes. In a cozy kitchen or narrow bathroom, light marble flooring can amplify light and prevent the space from feeling cramped. Avoid darker marbles with heavy veining in tight spots, as they can shrink the room.
Tip: Love a bold marble pattern? Check if it's available in a lighter shade with similar veining.
2. Go Big with Formats
Tiny tiles create more grout lines, which can make a space feel cluttered. Instead, choose larger formats for a cleaner look. A large marble slab for wall use, like a feature wall in the living room or a bathroom accent, reduces seams for a sleek, spacious appearance. Large-format tiles on the floor also minimize grout, creating a more open, uncluttered feel.
3. Reflect and Amplify
Marble's polished finish naturally reflects light, acting like a soft mirror to expand a room. This quality can be enhanced with mirrors or strategic lighting:
A glossy marble backsplash paired with a bathroom mirror
Marble sills to boost natural light from windows
Warm lighting near marble walls to create a glow
These small additions make a room feel significantly larger without taking up space.
4. Keep Patterns Understated
Dramatic marble patterns can be stunning, but in small spaces, they can overwhelm. Opt for subtle veining or minimalistic designs to keep things calm. Marbles like Volakas (white with soft grey streaks), Carrara (light with fine veins), or Calacatta Oro (white with delicate gold veins) are perfect. For a large marble slab for wall applications, choose a design that's elegant but doesn't dominate the space.
5. Unify Adjacent Spaces
Using the same marble across connected areas—like a living room and kitchen—creates a seamless flow. This continuity makes your home feel like one cohesive, larger space, rather than a series of small rooms. It also simplifies your design, reducing material changes for a polished, spacious look.
6. Use Vertical Space
Marble isn't just for floors—walls are a game-changer in small homes. A full-height marble wall in a light shade pulls the eye upward, creating the illusion of taller ceilings. Consider:
Floor-to-ceiling marble in a bathroom shower
Marble strips behind open shelves
Marble around windows to frame and extend views
Vertical marble adds sophistication and stretches the space.
7. Seamlessly Blend Built-ins
Built-ins maximize storage in small homes, but they can feel imposing. To soften their presence, cover them in the same marble as your walls. A large marble slab for wall use that extends over shelves or cabinets creates a unified look, reducing visual clutter and making the room feel more open.
8. Be Strategic with Marble
You don't need marble everywhere. Too much can feel stark or excessive. Instead, focus on a few key areas where it will shine:
A striking bathroom vanity top
An entryway floor to set the mood
A living room accent wall for drama
These focal points elevate the space without overwhelming it.
Final Thoughts
Small spaces can feel grand with the right design choices. Marble, when used thoughtfully, transforms HDBs and condos into bright, spacious, and elegant homes. Stick to light tones, large formats, and simple patterns. Let marble reflect light, unify spaces, and add height. With a few smart moves, even the smallest home can feel like a masterpiece.
Quick Marble Tips for Small Spaces: ✅ Choose light luxury marble tiles for brightness ✅ Opt for large slabs to reduce seams ✅ Keep patterns simple for serenity ✅ Use vertical marble for height ✅ Create flow with consistent marble ✅ Blend built-ins with marble for less clutter ✅ Use marble sparingly for maximum effect
Every choice matters in a small home. Marble, used with care, can work wonders.
Joe & Cleoma ( Breaux ) Falcon - Ma Valse Preferé with 1930's fashion and pictures of Joe, Cleoma and Lulu. Recorded on Saturday the 22nd. of December 1934 i...
L’assise silencieuse est ce qui reste quand rien ne reste,Aussi, tenter des stimulations, respirations, motivations, colorations,que l’on peut trouver sur le chemin,Nous éloigne de zazen,Ce sont de…
The calming of the body and mind is an essential prerequisite for divine talkingfor talking about the divine,People of a religion have, mostly, a verbal experience of God,They make God a verbal exe…
Dans deux articles [1] qui firent à l'époque grand bruit dans les cercles politiques, militaires et industriels de l'armement, notre groupe démontrait, chiffres à l'appui, le non-financement de la Loi de programmation militaire (LPM) 2024-2030 et prétendait que l'économie de guerre cachait en réalité une guerre à l'économie. Deux ans ont passé où notre groupe s'est fait silencieux préférant observer la tournure des évènements, sûr que bon sens et épreuve des faits lui donneraient raison. Avec la publication salutaire du rapport du Sénat sur le financement de la LPM, l'heure est venue en effet de constater, comme Richelieu dans son Testament politique, qu'« il n'y a pas de nation au monde si peu propre à la guerre que la nôtre ; la légèreté et l'impatience qu'elle a dans les moindres travaux sont deux principes qui ne se vérifient que trop ».
Vers un écroulement capacitaire
Légèreté d'abord : dès sa conception, la LPM reposait sur des hypothèses qui, toutes, sont devenues de lourdes hypothèques, à l'exception peut-être (provisoire ?) de l'évolution du coût des facteurs plus favorable qu'estimé par le ministère des Armées. Mais pour le reste, pour tout le reste, nos deux articles se sont tous confirmés dans le moindre détail : sous-estimation des besoins de financement des armées, sous-estimation des surcoûts, non prise en compte des surcoûts (Ukraine, OPEX et OPINT) et des besoins autres (financement de l'OTAN, par exemple), insincérité des ressources extra-budgétaires, déplacement des hausses majeures hors du mandat politique du président...
Nul mérite à ce résultat que la censure sur les comptes rendus des commission de défense du Parlement n'a pas réussi à étouffer : il était d'emblée vain de croire que la défense pouvait, seule, surnager dans la tempête qui décimait les finances publiques nationales sans choix dans le périmètre de l'État. Ce constat fait, l'avenir s'écrira logiquement : sans la priorité donnée au domaine régalien contre les choix sociaux et environnementaux, impossibles, illusoires et inefficaces, la Défense nationale s'écroulera progressivement et avec elle, l'État. Déjà, sans réaction du président ni du ministre des Armées, c'est Bercy qui dirige : bloquant et débloquant les crédits au gré de sa gestion personnelle, au détriment des armées, de l'industrie d'armement et d'une loi votée au Parlement. La légèreté budgétaire entraînera l'écroulement capacitaire.
De l'économie de guerre à une guerre à l'économie
L'impatience ensuite : notre groupe avait également critiqué l'impatience de l'exécutif dans trois domaines : le contexte international, la haute intensité et l'armement. Pour tragique qu'elle soit, la guerre russo-ukrainienne n'a aucune incidence sur les intérêts vitaux de la France et, si elle devait en avoir, la force de frappe est là pour y répondre ; oser prétendre que l'armée russe ira déferler sur l'Europe dès 2029 alors qu'elle peine à prendre des objectifs extrêmement limités en Ukraine ou sur son propre territoire, est tout aussi exagéré que prétendre que les Etats-Unis se retireront du champ européen, alors qu'ils y opèrent des bases majeures (de logistique, de renseignement et d'interception).
Dans tous les cas, la dissuasion protège la France. La fameuse « haute intensité » n'aura guère touché les armées, notamment l'armée de Terre dont l'entraînement tient toujours aussi peu compte dans les écoles de formation d'officiers et de sous-officiers des enseignements des guerres en cours et, qui repose toujours sur un matériel dépassé, usé, échantillonnaire ou carrément absent.
Enfin, l'impatience dans le domaine de l'armement s'est traduite par l'économie de guerre : au lieu d'être un réarmement classique, s'appuyant sur des commandes fermes, pluriannuelles de la Direction générale de l'armement (DGA), l'économie de guerre s'est surtout traduite par une guerre à l'économie de l'armement où les mesures à la fois intrusives, instables et infondées du ministère des armées sont prises dans un climat généralisé de suspicion des industriels et des banques sans pour autant être compensées par des commandes nouvelles fermes. L'État avec légèreté et impatience ignore que qui paie, commande et qui commande, paie.
Dans ces trois domaines, l'impatience était inutile et surtout mauvaise conseillère : il fallait attendre la fin de l'ancienne LPM, se donner le temps de faire des choix, notamment en tenant compte des guerres en cours et surtout ménager un espace budgétaire ferme à la LPM pour traduire financièrement les exigences réels d'un réarmement de fond. Celui-ci s'impose toujours, non en raison d'un quelconque contexte stratégique versatile qu'en raison de la permanence des ambitions nationales de la France qui se veut encore une grande puissance défendant ses intérêts dans le monde et ses alliances tout aussi mondiales.
« C'est chose étrange que la légèreté des Français... »
Au bilan tout provisoire et qui s'alourdira, n'en doutons pas, dans les semaines à venir, légèreté budgétaire et impatience stratégique ont ruiné dès sa conception l'actuelle LPM ; il est curieux de constater qu'à part quelques sénateurs, ce constat pourtant clair dès 2023 ne choque aucun autre parti politique. Voilà qui est de mauvaise augure pour 2027. Comme le remarquait Louis XIII à Richelieu dans une lettre du 5 août 1635 : « c'est chose étrange que la légèreté des Français... ».
Selon le groupe Vauban, la loi de programmation militaire (LPM), dès sa conception, reposait sur des hypothèses qui, toutes, sont devenues de lourdes hypothèques, à l'exception peut-être de l'évolution du coût des facteurs plus favorable qu'estimé pa…
@Coded Artist The prostate is a small, walnut-sized gland in the male reproductive system located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. It plays a crucial role in producing semen and regulating urine flow. Joes ass on the other hand, is up on his shoulders.
Quelqu'un peut-il creuser un parallèle éventuel entre la "dead Internet theory" et la représentation de la réalité dans l'approche Bouddhiste, notamment, école yogachara-- le tout-esprit... ?
You might need to elaborate... "dead internet theory & Yogachara". Point me in a direction I can find out more and then maybe??? 🙃
I came across this series of documentaries about 1-2yrs ago. They have been coming up in my awareness to watch again. There are 3 documentaries in this series??? Utterly fascinating!!!
Ooh, I'm havingn a hard time finding the dots myself, let alone starting to connect them...
Dead internet theory : are you familiar with this ( a massive percentage of everything created, posted, liked, commented, edited...online, ....is fake, AI generated.... Internet would be mosltly machines talking to machines...and us dancing in the middle thinking we're a decisive part of it, when we are the modern versions of TRUMAN in the TRUMAN SHOW...
Like microtageted social engineering...
Yogachara : A school of Buddhism insisting on reality being 100% mind generated.
Thanks for your link, I'll try to watch it in the comingi days... HAve a great day, Carita,
And yes I have had similar wonderings about the AI thing. I have decided I still prefer to depend upon my own faculties, no matter how dumb I might appear to the rest of the world.
In the second doco, from that series, is the bit about the tech dakini which is what I found interesting and need to watch again.
The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) considered the outcomes of the recent Arab Summit disappointing and did not rise to the level of the massacres and genocide the Palestinian people have been subjected to in the Gaza Strip for m…
Otto Kuusinen: As long as the working class wages only an economic struggle, the bourgeoisie does not see in that any great danger for itself; but when the working class organises politically, i.e., creates a political party which expresses its will as a class, the bourgeoisie begins seriously to fear for its rule. That is why reaction deals its main blows against the political party of the working class. At the same time, trying to undermine the party from within, capitalist propaganda endeavours to persuade the workers that they can do without their own party. One of the manifestations of bourgeois influence on the working class is the anarchist and anarcho-syndicalist denial of the leading role of a political party.
Democritus: Not from fear but from a sense of duty refrain from your sins.
Democritus: Many who have not learned wisdom live wisely, and many who do the basest deeds can make most learned speeches.
Democritus: Fools learn wisdom through misfortune.
Democritus: Strength of body is nobility in beasts of burden, strength of character is nobility in men.
Democritus: Neither art nor wisdom may be attained without learning.
Democritus: It is better to correct your own faults than those of another.
Democritus: Good means not (merely) not to do wrong, but rather not to desire to do wrong.
Democritus: Fame and wealth without wisdom are unsafe possessions.
Muammar Gaddafi: We will not surrender. We will defeat them by any means. We are ready for the fight, whether it will be a short or a long one. We will be victorious in the end. This assault is by a bunch of fascists who will end up in the dustbin of history.
Democritus: By convention sweet is sweet, bitter is bitter, hot is hot, cold is cold, color is color; but in truth there are only atoms and the void.
Democritus: We know nothing accurately in reality, but (only) as it changes according to the bodily condition, and the constitution of those things that flow upon (the body) and impinge upon it.
Democritus: Medicine heals diseases of the body, wisdom frees the soul from passions.
Democritus: Immoderate desire is the mark of a child, not a man.
Democritus: Men have fashioned an image of Chance as an excuse for their own stupidity.
Democritus: In a shared fish, there are no bones.
Democritus: Education is an ornament for the prosperous, a refuge for the unfortunate.
Democritus: The animal needing something knows how much it needs, the man does not.
Democritus: Moderation multiplies pleasures, and increases pleasure.
Democritus: If your desires are not great, a little will seem much to you; for small appetite makes poverty equivalent to wealth.
Democritus: No power and no treasure can outweigh the extension of our knowledge.
Democritus: In fact we do not know anything infallibly, but only that which changes according to the condition of our body and of the (influences) that reach and impinge upon it.
Democritus: Of practical wisdom these are the three fruits: to deliberate well, to speak to the point, to do what is right.
Democritus: 'Tis not in strength of body nor in gold that men find happiness, but in uprightness and in fulness of understanding.
Democritus: He who does wrong is more unhappy than he who suffers wrong.
Samuel P. Huntington: The West won the world not by the superiority of its ideas or values or religion (to which few members of other civilizations were converted) but rather by its superiority in applying organized violence. Westerners often forget this fact; non-Westerners never do.
Marjori Palmer: One of the most morale-damaging aspects of the inflation was the "sack of Germany" that occurred at the height of the (1923) inflation. Anyone who possessed dollars or sterling was king in Germany. A few American dollars would allow a man to live like a millionaire. Foreigners swarmed into the country, buying up family treasures, estates, jewelry and art works at unbelievable low prices.
Lionel Robbins: It was the most colossal thing of its kind in history: and next probably to the Great War itself, it must bear responsibility for many of the political and economic difficulties of our generation. It destroyed the wealth of the more solid elements of German society: and left behind a moral and economic disequilibrium, a breeding ground for the disasters which have followed. Hitler is the foster child of the inflation.
Lenin: There is no trace of utopianism in Marx, in the sense that he made up or invented a 'new' society. No, he studied the birth of the new society out of the old, and the forms of transition from the latter to the former, as a natural-historical process. He examined the actual experience of a proletarian mass movement and tried to draw practical lessons from it.
Che Guevara: Many will call me an adventurer - and that I am, only one of a different sort: one of those who risks his skin to prove his platitudes.
Democritus: The first principles of the universe are atoms and empty space; everything else is merely thought to exist.
Bertolt Brecht: Lenin is enshrined In the large heart of the working class.
If I install software from .deb file, do I still get the updates & upgrades when I run sudo apt update / upgrade ? Or is flatpak the way to go? I'm not very familiar with flatpak, so I'm trying to avoid, but it seems that cons are limited. I'm currently running mint cinnamon (how original, I know), and asking because i can't seem to add mullvad-vpn stable repo. Thank you for your help,
My bad, just read further in mullvads documentation and they do state that Mint requires manual installation. If I understand it correctly you will need to follow these instructions to install updates as well.
Flatpak has annoyances like sometimes not following your icon theme, or just generally looking out of place because not picking up system defaults.
It works but I avoid it. On arch Linux, there is a huge AUR repository where users have made native packages, and thats usually much better than Flatpak. But on Ubuntu, Flatpak is the only option sometimes.
Doesn't always work - for example the mullvad browser won't install on mint with the ubuntu instructions as OS version gets reported as Xia not noble (if I'm recalling the issue correctly it was 6-9 months ago)
Yes you can amend the commands to get it to work but it's definitely not beginner level, I had to faff around for an hour or so before I worked it out
What do you mean by "won't install"? If you install it with apt from repo, apt doesn't check the distro codename, it just checks if the package dependencies are satisfied.
Really sorry, it's too long ago to remember the exact error,
but IIRC
when you followed the ubuntu instructions for adding the repository it would kick an error because the command included a reference to noble and mint os name is xia so the contents of the osrelease when checked didnt match and it threw an error.
Could be wrong, I didnt document it.
The work around was to edit the commands.
All a moot point now as
a) the instructions now on the mullvad site don't reference noble and
~~b) mullvad now appears to be in the mint store (which is how you should always install if possible~~
Not correct, only true if you've manually added the repo
aufbau161
in reply to sp3ctre • • •i was just in the same situation and stumbled upon an issue, but more on that later.
nvme cli might be what you are looking for, the arch wiki has got a good tutorial wiki.archlinux.org/title/Solid…
but: it depends on how you connect the nvme ssd to your system. if you use an external enclosure/adapter the nvme would show up as /dev/sda because it is not attached to the proper interface. i did not manage to get nvme cli to work in that case.
but, and that is the much easier way to solve that issue: the bios is your friend. most modern bios provide a secure erase nvme option. so just stick the nvme ssd in your computer and try to do it that way. only took a couple of seconds due to the way it works on nvme ssds as far as i understand.
that said: i've got two older WD nvme ssds that i could't format using four (!) different PC's and their bioses, non of the manufactures software for windows or bootable usb sticks would work either (tried the latter on three different PC's) and the external enclosure solution provided no help either. only the bios of an older asrock board easily accepted the nvme and managed to secure erase it. no clue what went wrong the first times but at least they are clean now.
Solid state drive/NVMe - ArchWiki
wiki.archlinux.orgTzeentch
in reply to sp3ctre • • •Thankfully it is largely just a few commands with built in tools to tell the drive firmware to wipe
SATA SSD: acceptdefaults.com/2023/01/06/…
NVME SSD:
acceptdefaults.com/2022/08/11/…
Secure erase an SSD | Accept Defaults
Aaron (Accept Defaults)sp3ctre
in reply to Tzeentch • • •bizdelnick
in reply to sp3ctre • • •blkdiscard.𝕽𝖚𝖆𝖎𝖉𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍
in reply to bizdelnick • • •Educate me.
My response would normally be:
dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/sdX ba=1024M, followed by async. Lowest common denominator nearly always wins in my book over specialty programs that aren't part of minimal core; tools that also happen to be in BusyBox are the best.What makes this situation special enough for something more complex than
dd? Do SSDs not actually save the data you tell them to? I'm trying to guess at how writing a disk's worth of garbage directly to the device would fail. I'm imagining some holographic effect, where you can actually store more data than the drive holds. A persistent, on disk cache that has no way of directly affecting, but which can somehow be read later and can hold latent data?If I were really, I'd dd, read the entire disk to /dev/null, then dd again. How would this not be sufficient?
I'm honestly trying to figure out what the catch is, here, and why this was even a question - OP doesn't sound like a novice.
hendrik
in reply to 𝕽𝖚𝖆𝖎𝖉𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍 • • •SSDs don't store the data like HDDs, where you'd overwrite the same part on a magnetic platter. The controller on a SSD will instead handle it, do some magic and decide what to do. So if you use
ddto replace some part with zeros, it might instead invalidate the old data, allocate new memory to you and not really overwrite anything. That's why SSDs have separate commands for wiping content.I'd say google for "ssd secure erase"
𝕽𝖚𝖆𝖎𝖉𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍
in reply to hendrik • • •hendrik
in reply to 𝕽𝖚𝖆𝖎𝖉𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍 • • •I wouldn't recommend it, though. There is secure erase, blkdiscard and some nvme format commands which do it the right way. And 'dd' is just a method that get's it about right (though not 100%) in one specific case.
𝕽𝖚𝖆𝖎𝖉𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍
in reply to hendrik • • •Hum. I read that
blkdiscardonly marks the blocks (cells?) as empty, and doesn't change the contents; and that a sophisticated enough lab can still read the bits.In particular, the disk has to claim to support "Deterministic read ZEROs after TRIM"; if it doesn't, you have no guarantee of erasure. Without knowing anything about the make and model,
blkdiscardwould be categorically less secure.Right?
hendrik
in reply to 𝕽𝖚𝖆𝖎𝖉𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍 • • •𝕽𝖚𝖆𝖎𝖉𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍
in reply to hendrik • • •I did read (on the Arch wiki) that
blkdiscard -zis identical todd if=/dev/zero, so that tracks. It's (blkdiscard) is easier to use. However, given my memory and how infrequently I'll ever use it, I'll have forgotten the name of the command by next week. I'll never forgetdd, though, mainly because it's more general purpose and I use it occasionally.OP probably wants
blkdiscard -z, though.hendrik
in reply to 𝕽𝖚𝖆𝖎𝖉𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍 • • •hdparmand a bunch of options, and not blkdiscard. Unles they specifically know what they're doing and what options to pick.unhrpetby
in reply to sp3ctre • • •cryptsetupto encrypt it, forget the key, and optionally overwrite the first megabyte or so of the disk (where the LUKS header is).Axum
in reply to sp3ctre • • •So much bad advice in here.
Any NVME worth it's salt these days is an OPAL adhering self encrypting drive for data storage.
This means in Linux you simply install nvme-cli, then do a mode 2 crypto erase and the crypto key is dropped and all data on the drive becomes unreadable.
Y'all could stand to get with the times a bit more and learn about what NVME's actually bring to the table
tinyapps.org/docs/nvme-secure-…
For drives with it disabled, mode 1 wipe will have the controller fill all regions with meaningless data to wipe it.
NVMe Secure Erase
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in reply to sp3ctre • • •I did some light reading. I see claims that wear leveling only ever writes only to zeroed sectors. Let me get this straight:
If I have a 1TB ssd, and I write 1TB of SecretData, and then I delete and write 1TB of garbage to the disk, it's not actually holding 2TB of data, with the SecretData hidden underneath wear leveling? That's the claim? And if I overwrite that with another 1TB of garbage it's holding, what now, 3TB of data? Each data sequence hidden somehow by the magic of wear leveling?
Skeptical Ruaraidh is skeptical. Wear leveling ensures data on an SSD is written to free sectors with the lowest write count. It can't possibly be retaining data if data the maximum size of the device is written to it.
I see a popular comment on SO saying you can't trust
ddon SSDs, and I challenge that: in this case, wiping an entire disk by dumping /dev/random must clean the SSD of all other data. Otherwise, someone's invented the storage version of a perpetual motion device. To be safe, sync and read it, and maybe dumb again, but I really can't see how an SSD world hold more data than it can.dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/sdX bs=2048 count=524288If you're clever enough to be using zsh as your shell:
repeat 3 (dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/sdX bs=2048 count=524288 ; sync ; dd if=/dev/sdX ba=2048)You reduce every single cell's write lifespan by 2 times; with modern life spans of 3,000-100,000 writes per cell, it's not significant.
Someone mentioned
blkdiscard. If you really aren't concerned about forensic analysis, this is probably the fastest and least impactful answer: it won't affect cell lives by even a measly 2 writes. But it also doesn't actually remove the data, it just tells the SSD that those cells are free and empty. Probably really hard to reconstruct data from that, but also probably not impossible.ddis a shredding option: safer, slower, and with a tiny impact on drive lifespan.patatahooligan
in reply to 𝕽𝖚𝖆𝖎𝖉𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍 • • •Your conclusion is incorrect because you made the assumption that the SSD has exactly the advertised storage or infinite storage. What if it's over-provisioned by a small margin, though?
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in reply to patatahooligan • • •Then over-writing the size by a few gigs, reading the entire disk, and writing it again - as I put in my example - should work. In any case
blkdiscardis not guaranteed to zero data unless the disk specifically supports that capability, and data can be forensically extracted from ablkdiscardeddisk.The Arch wiki says
blkdiscard -zis equivalent to runningdd if=/dev/zero.patatahooligan
in reply to 𝕽𝖚𝖆𝖎𝖉𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍 • • •I don't see how attempting to over-write would help. The additional blocks are not addressable on the OS side.
ddwill exit because it reached the end of the visible device space but blocks will remain untouched internally.Where does it say that? Here it seems to support the opposite. The linked paper says that two passes worked "in most cases", but the results are unreliable. On one drive they found 1GB of data to have survived 20 passes.
Securely wipe disk - ArchWiki
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in reply to patatahooligan • • •Sorry, it wasn't the Arch wiki. It was this page.
I hate using Stack Exchange as a source of truth, but the Arch wiki references this discussion which points out that not all SSDs support "Deterministic read ZEROs after TRIM", meaning a pure blkdiscard is not guaranteed to clear data (unless the device is advertised with that feature), leaving it available for forensics. Which means having to use
--secure, which is (also) not supported by all devices, which means having to use-z, which the previous source claims is equivalent todd if=/dev/zero.So the SSD is hiding extra, inaccessible, cells. How does
blkdiscardhelp? Either the blocks are accessible, or they aren't. How are you getting a the hidden cells withblkdiscard? The paper you referenced does not mentionblkdiscarddirectly as that's a Linux-specific command, but other references imply or state it's just calling TRIM. That same paper, in a footnote below section 3.3, claims TRIM adds no reliable data security.It looks like - especially from that security paper - that the cells are inaccessible and not reliably clearable by any mechanism.
blkdiscardthen adds no security overdd, and I'd be interested to see whether, with-z, it's any faster thanddsince it perforce would have to write zeros to all blocks just the same, rather than just marking them "discarded".I feel that, unless you know the SDD supports secure trim, or you always use
-z,ddis safer, sinceblkdiscardcan give you a false sense of security, and TRIM adds no assurances about wiping those hidden cells.Aerospike Customer
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