UFO Project - Majestic Documents

majesticdocuments.com/

Majestic Documents.com is a groundbreaking look at the United States UFO program called Majestic & the top secret government documents that tell the story of presidential & military action, authorization, & cover-up regarding UFOs & their alien occupants. A remarkable work of investigative journalism, this website is the first to authenticate top secret UFO documents that tell a detailed story of the crashed discs, alien ...

in reply to HunDriverWidow

bodies, presidential briefings, & superb secrecy. Special attention is paid to the forensic authentication issues of content, provenance, type, style & chronology. The story the documents tell leaves the reader with little doubt that the cover-up is real, shocking, & at times unethical.

Operation Majestic-12 was established by special classified presidential order on Sept 24, 1947 at the recommendation of Sec of Defense James Forrestal & Dr. Vannevar Bush, Chairman of the Joint

19 MAYIS, YALAN ÜZERİNE İNŞA EDİLEN KİRLİ BİR TARİH

Mahmut Alınak

Türk resmi tarihine göre Ulusal Kurtuluş Savaşı Atatürk’ün 19 Mayıs 1919’da Samsun’a çıkmasıyla başlamıştır! Bu kirli bir yalandır. Mustafa Kemal ve arkadaşları işgalci devletlerle savaşmak bir yana onlardan destek aldılar.
M. Kemal NUTUK adıyla yayımlanan 1927’deki meclis konuşmasında bakın ne diyor: “Kazım Karabekir’e 19 Eylül 1919’da gönderdiğim telgrafta Amerikalılar, Fransızlar ve İngilizlerle pek ciddi temaslar yapıldı, bunların Sivas’a kadar gelen yetkilileri lehimizde oldular, bizimle iyi ilişkilere girdiler, bizim de içinde olduğumuz Kuvayi Milliye’nin tam anlamıyla milli nitelikte olduğunu olduğunu bize de bilgi vererek bağlı oldukları makamlara rapor ettiler, diye durumu bildirdim.”
Bu nasıl bir ulusal kurtuluş savaşı ki, emperyalist devletlerden destek görüyor?
Tarihi gerçek şudur ki, Kemalistler ve Türk ordusu İngiliz, Fransız ve İtalyan kuvvetlerine tek bir kurşun bile atmadılar. Onlar Ferit Paşa hükümetini devirip iktidarı el geçirme plânları yaparken, Antep, Urfa, Maraş ve Antalya’da yoksul halk işgalci güçlerle savaşıyordu. Örneğin halk 1920 Ağustosu’nda Antep’te Fransız güçleriyle savaşırken, Kemalist subaylardan oluşan Kent Savunma Kurulu zenginlerin para karşılığında şehirden ayrılmalarına izin verme kararı almıştı. Bunu protesto eden halk, “…Biz onların rahatı için cephede tüfeklerimizi yastık yerine başımızın altına koyarak, kuru topraklar üzerinde yatıyoruz… Hanlar, oteller, mağazalar, köşkler bizim değildir. Biz niye onlar için ölelim? Kimse harice çıkmayacaktır. Aksi halde silah istimal edeceğiz” bildirisi yayımlayarak, zenginlerin şehirden çıkmalarını engellemişti.
İngilizler İstanbul’u işgal ettiğinde de Kemalistler ve Türk ordusu ortalıkta yoktu.
Kemalistler Ankara’da iktidar koltuğuna oturuncaya kadar Ege’deki savaşa da katılmadılar. Yunanlarla Demirci Mehmet Efe ve diğer gerilla grupları savaşıyorlardı. Öyle ki Atatürk Nutuk’ta, Aydın bölgesi kolordu komutanı Refet beyin, Demirci Mehmet Efe’nin komutası altına girdiğini söylemiştir.
Kemalistlerin yaptıkları tek şey İngilizlerin İstanbul’da dağıttıkları meclisi Ankara’ya taşımak oldu. İngilizler ömrünü tamamlamış Padişah’ı tasfiye ederek İstanbul meclisini dağıtmakla Mustafa Kemal’i iktidara taşıyacak yolun taşlarını döşediler.
“Yedi düvele karşı savaştık” sözü rezil bir yalandır. Böyle bir savaş yoktur. Yunanlılarla olan savaş ise yerel bir savaş olup Ankara Meclisi’nin kurulmasından sonradır. O vakit zaten Türk devleti vardı.
#19Mayıs
#Samsun

https://x.com/mahmutalinak/status/1924396964705108175?t=tHOc7zxfJms3_Lm2GxtQOg&s=08

Beautiful day in Yosemite National Park with a week of clear/sunny weather in the forecast. For more information nps.gov/yose/index.htm and nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/wea… and yosemite.org/ and #interpretation #nps #nationalparks #publiclands #landscapephotography #photography Image credit Yosemite Conservancy and National Park Service #yosemite #cawx #spring #trees #halfdome #california #sun #leaves #forecast

Dilbert creator Scott Adams says he will die soon from same cancer as Joe Biden

Link: thewrap.com/dilbert-scott-adam…
Discussion: news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4…

💣 Alaska House committee passed HB1 - to recognize GOLD & SILVER as legal tender

It’s a first step to restore constitutional money and end the Fed’s fiat stranglehold.

Full details 👇
blog.tenthamendmentcenter.com/…

@1031 @Bleukitty @CDuBois @Luther

Repeat post for those who missed this poignant video!!

May 16, 2023 CuttingEdge Daily: Sad Cat Misses Deceased Owner

brighteon.com/0ce23e25-e8dd-40…

Prostate Cancer Has A Right To Exist. Biden's Tumor Has A Right To Defend Itself.

None of the people wishing #Biden well today have ever really stood for anything. Nobody who chides those who are celebrating his cancer diagnosis actually cares about human beings. They inhabit a different moral universe from the rest of us. One where politeness and decorum matter more than human lives. One where it’s more important to preserve one’s political image in the eyes of the establishment than it is to oppose an active genocide. One where a rude tweet about a blood-soaked monster provokes more outrage than daily footage of children ripped to shreds by western-supplied munitions.

Those who are applauding Biden’s tumor today are obviously not saying that cancer is good. They are saying that Biden’s victims matter more than the rules of imperial etiquette. They are saying the mountains of human corpses he created matter more than protecting the feelings of those who believe he’s a swell guy. They are rejecting the empire’s demand that they dehumanize and dismiss all those people who were killed, crippled, displaced, traumatized and bereaved by the abuses of this fugitive from The Hague in order to demonstrate docility and obedience to their masters.

When Biden finally dies there will be people falling all over themselves to sanctify his image and grieve him as a kind and beneficent leader, and there will be those lining up to piss on his grave. The latter group will be of far greater moral quality than the former, no matter what they try to tell you.


caitlinjohnst.one/p/prostate-c…

#Us #usa

Fruits of Jewish Nazism aided & abetted by Western Imperial Terrorist regimes (unsure whether its from today or from slightly earlier). Extremely gruesome. Dont watch if you want peace of mind.
This entry was edited (2 months ago)

Major international airlines still avoiding “Israel” amid ongoing Yemeni threats en.ypagency.net/357023

Xi Jinping: Western modernization was fraught with sanguineous crimes such as war, slave trade, colonization, and plunder, which inflicted untold misery on developing countries. Having suffered from aggression, bullying, and humiliation by Western powers, we Chinese are keenly aware of the value of peace and will never follow the beaten path of the West. wordsmith.social/protestation/…


Quotes

  • Otto Kuusinen: As long as the working class wages only an economic struggle, the bourgeoisie does not see in that any great danger for itself; but when the working class organises politically, i.e., creates a political party which expresses its will as a class, the bourgeoisie begins seriously to fear for its rule. That is why reaction deals its main blows against the political party of the working class. At the same time, trying to undermine the party from within, capitalist propaganda endeavours to persuade the workers that they can do without their own party. One of the manifestations of bourgeois influence on the working class is the anarchist and anarcho-syndicalist denial of the leading role of a political party.
  • Democritus: Not from fear but from a sense of duty refrain from your sins.
  • Democritus: Many who have not learned wisdom live wisely, and many who do the basest deeds can make most learned speeches.
  • Democritus: Fools learn wisdom through misfortune.
  • Democritus: Strength of body is nobility in beasts of burden, strength of character is nobility in men.
  • Democritus: Neither art nor wisdom may be attained without learning.
  • Democritus: It is better to correct your own faults than those of another.
  • Democritus: Good means not (merely) not to do wrong, but rather not to desire to do wrong.
  • Democritus: Fame and wealth without wisdom are unsafe possessions.
  • Muammar Gaddafi: We will not surrender. We will defeat them by any means. We are ready for the fight, whether it will be a short or a long one. We will be victorious in the end. This assault is by a bunch of fascists who will end up in the dustbin of history.
  • Democritus: By convention sweet is sweet, bitter is bitter, hot is hot, cold is cold, color is color; but in truth there are only atoms and the void.
  • Democritus: We know nothing accurately in reality, but (only) as it changes according to the bodily condition, and the constitution of those things that flow upon (the body) and impinge upon it.
  • Democritus: Medicine heals diseases of the body, wisdom frees the soul from passions.
  • Democritus: Immoderate desire is the mark of a child, not a man.
  • Democritus: Men have fashioned an image of Chance as an excuse for their own stupidity.
  • Democritus: In a shared fish, there are no bones.
  • Democritus: Education is an ornament for the prosperous, a refuge for the unfortunate.
  • Democritus: The animal needing something knows how much it needs, the man does not.
  • Democritus: Moderation multiplies pleasures, and increases pleasure.
  • Democritus: If your desires are not great, a little will seem much to you; for small appetite makes poverty equivalent to wealth.
  • Democritus: No power and no treasure can outweigh the extension of our knowledge.
  • Democritus: In fact we do not know anything infallibly, but only that which changes according to the condition of our body and of the (influences) that reach and impinge upon it.
  • Democritus: Of practical wisdom these are the three fruits: to deliberate well, to speak to the point, to do what is right.
  • Democritus: 'Tis not in strength of body nor in gold that men find happiness, but in uprightness and in fulness of understanding.
  • Democritus: He who does wrong is more unhappy than he who suffers wrong.
  • Samuel P. Huntington: The West won the world not by the superiority of its ideas or values or religion (to which few members of other civilizations were converted) but rather by its superiority in applying organized violence. Westerners often forget this fact; non-Westerners never do.
  • Marjori Palmer: One of the most morale-damaging aspects of the inflation was the "sack of Germany" that occurred at the height of the (1923) inflation. Anyone who possessed dollars or sterling was king in Germany. A few American dollars would allow a man to live like a millionaire. Foreigners swarmed into the country, buying up family treasures, estates, jewelry and art works at unbelievable low prices.
  • Lionel Robbins: It was the most colossal thing of its kind in history: and next probably to the Great War itself, it must bear responsibility for many of the political and economic difficulties of our generation. It destroyed the wealth of the more solid elements of German society: and left behind a moral and economic disequilibrium, a breeding ground for the disasters which have followed. Hitler is the foster child of the inflation.
  • Lenin: There is no trace of utopianism in Marx, in the sense that he made up or invented a 'new' society. No, he studied the birth of the new society out of the old, and the forms of transition from the latter to the former, as a natural-historical process. He examined the actual experience of a proletarian mass movement and tried to draw practical lessons from it.
  • Che Guevara: Many will call me an adventurer - and that I am, only one of a different sort: one of those who risks his skin to prove his platitudes.
  • Democritus: The first principles of the universe are atoms and empty space; everything else is merely thought to exist.
  • Bertolt Brecht: Lenin is enshrined In the large heart of the working class.


The Air Force's struggle to fight subterranean warfare

By Stephen Losey and Todd South
Mar 11, 2019 –

FORT BRAGG, North Carolina — It is darkness like you’ve never seen. The air you breathe could kill you in moments. All of your fire support — air, armor, artillery — is useless. The walls and ceiling could collapse. Communications will fail. A wrong turn leaves you utterly alone.

awg.army.mil/AWG-Contributions…

in reply to HunDriverWidow

It is happening in Syria now. Iraqi forces faced it in Mosul. Russia, China, North Korea and Iran all boast complex facilities laced with reinforced command and control and the ability to deploy thousands of troops, tanks, missiles, even launch planes from underground runways.

Militant groups from the Islamic State to Hamas to rebel groups in Africa have expanded their use of the underground,

Euro-Med: After Alexander’s release, Israel escalated its genocide in Gaza #Palestine english.palinfo.com/news/2025/…

The Forgotten History of Neurological Vaccine Injuries

midwesterndoctor.com/p/the-for…

Videos at link above.

Story at a Glance:

•One of the most frequent complications of vaccination is neurological injury, and ever since the smallpox vaccine hit the market over two centuries ago, severe and unusual injuries have been reported throughout the medical literature.

•Rather than disclose these injuries to the public, the medical profession ...

in reply to HunDriverWidow

chose to conceal them under the erroneous belief that the public good of vaccination justified hiding anything which would create vaccine hesitancy—a cruel mentality that is still used to push unsafe and ineffective vaccines.

•Many of those injuries such as a spreading paralysis of the body mirror the “one in a million” injuries we still see from vaccination but to preserve the mythology of vaccines being “safe and effective” centuries of vaccine toxicity ...

in reply to HunDriverWidow

was erased from memory, thereby allowing the same vaccine disasters to keep repeating.

•These concerns peaked in the 1980s, leading to widespread attention on the harms of vaccination and the enactment of a Federal law to prevent these neurological injuries. To protect the industry, its key provisions were all deliberately violated, and the injuries it recognized (e.g., severe brain damage) were renamed so they could be swept under the rug.

If This Was Predicted 27 Years Ago, Somebody Knew Something

rumble.com/v6t63qx-if-this-was…

rumble.com/user/TheLibertyDail…

in reply to jesuspilled

@jesuspilled I've been trying to figure out how they can survive given the rates of black-on-black violence among other things. One of those other things is Music, when you listen to native African music, much of it is beautiful, blacks did some of the best Jazz, they were responsible for a lot of rock-n-roll early on, and yet the shit that passes for "music" today. Well whites aren't doing all that well either. Guess I'm just old.

Written by Ashley Stroupe, Mission Operations Engineer at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory Earth planning date: Wednesday, May 14, 2025 Today we came into another strange and interesting workspace (see image above) that is as exciting as the one we had on Monday. This is our first arrival at a potential boxwork structure — a series […]

L’ancien député Meyer #Habib porte parole de #Netanyahu en France, qui avait qualifié le peuple Palestinien à Gaza de « cancer », a traité sur X l’actuelle députée européenne Rima #Hassan de « pute antisémite » avant de se raviser et d’écrire « vermine antisémite ».

Soutenez Les Répliques : fr.tipeee.com/les-repliques


#france #macronie #israel #israël #MeyerHabib #Gaza #Eurovision

Microsoft's ICC blockade: digital dependence comes at a cost

Link: techzine.eu/news/privacy-compl…
Discussion: news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4…

The Atrocious Conviction of Reiner Fuëllmich
#ReinerFuëllmich sentenced to additional 3 years and 9 months in prison.
#quote #GregReese
May 15, 2025
gregreese.substack.com

"As many are unfortunately keen to forget, in 2020, the world was locked down for the claim of a deadly pandemic that still only exists in words. We were then coerced into taking an experimental mystery shot that genetically alters us and contaminates us with nanotech. In July of 2020, an accomplished class-action lawyer who beat Volkswagen and Deutsche Bank, Reiner Fuëllmich assembled the Corona Committee to help build a case against those responsible for the greatest crimes against humanity.

For a little over three years, Reiner Fuëllmich and his committee collected interviews and testimony from whistle-blowers, experts, and witnesses up until October of 2023, when he was kidnapped in Mexico, deported to Germany, and detained on allegations of embezzlement. After his arrest, committee member, Viviane Fischer, began publicly attacking Fuëllmich.

A leaked dossier from German intelligence instructed agencies to seize control of the Corona Committee, to silence Reiner Füllmich, and to disqualify him from running for public office.

“An analysis should be carried out to assess the possibilities of a declaration of incompatibility that purely prohibits holding political offices due to proven anti-democratic tendencies. Preparation must be made for the initiation of criminal proceedings based on the evidence collected against Reiner Fuëllmich. This entails collaborating with prosecutors and preparing charges for established legal violations and offenses. If necessary, constructions are to be weighed and suitable third parties are to be recruited.”

~Dr. Christof Miseré reading the leaked document
To accomplish their task of destroying Reiner Fuëllmich, the German Intelligence apparatus utilized core members of the Corona Committee. After years of work, personal money was depleted and a loan was drafted to borrow money from donations. Fuëllmich used his own money as collateral to repay the loan. This official documented loan was made between Viviane Fischer and Reiner Fuëllmich and the court had no way of proving embezzlement. And so they claimed that it was not a loan, but rather, ‘trust agreements.’ A claim that relies solely on the testimony of Viviane Fischer, who claims that they were “sham contracts,” which should implicate her as well. But she is not being prosecuted.

Fischer was paid a 70,000 euro advance for a fantasy book she is writing. Other members conspired with a notary to steal the one-point-one-five-eight million euros that Fuëllmich was putting up as collatoral. Money that they admitted in court to still having access to.

Despite the sloppy lies, the judges go along with it. Last month, Reiner Fuëllmich was convicted and sentenced to 3 years and 9 months in prison for embezzlement of donations. The year and a half he’s already spent in jail is not being considered for time served. The German intelligence services have deployed everyone from bottom feeding child-traffickers working for the police, to the politicians and Judges to derail the efforts of Reiner Fuëllmich. Which should be of no surprise. The tens of millions murdered by a coercive mystery shot are not making the history books. This massive crime is still ongoing. The COVID shots are still on the child vaccine schedule. And people are still dying of heart attacks and turbo cancer."

Part_of You reshared this.

#Google backs down after locking out #Nextcloud Files #app


Source: theregister.com/2025/05/17/goo…

However, for a file #synchronization app like Nextcloud's, the "All files #access" #permission was required. And it had been granted for years until, quite suddenly, it wasn't anymore. The result was a crippled app in the #PlayStore, and Google appeared to ignore repeated requests for an #explanation.


#android #foss #floss #opensource #software #freedom #bigtech #economy #fail #problem #news #file #cloud

The war where women’s bodies lost their rights #Palestine mondoweiss.net/2025/05/the-war…

DETECTING MALICIOUS #UNICODE


Source: daniel.haxx.se/blog/2025/05/16…

#cybersecurity #security #uri #software #coder #hacker #developer #program #news

#Elon #Musk is directly responsible for the deaths of 27 people this week. #USpol #Trump #DOGE #NWS #meterology #tornadoes #ElonMusk

mesoscalenews.com/p/tornado-wa…

Tatiana Dovgalenko: “Today, Russian-African relations are experiencing a renaissance after a period of inattention” journal-neo.su/2025/05/19/tati…

#AI #chatbots have had no significant impact on earnings or recorded hours in any #occupation, with confidence intervals ruling out effects larger than 1%.


Source: nber.org/papers/w33777

#study #technology #work #job #economy #bot #problem #efficiency #news

Huey Long: Fascism will come to America in the name of anti-fascism'. I'm afraid, based on my own long experience, that fascism will come to America in the name of national security. wordsmith.social/protestation/…


Quotes

  • Otto Kuusinen: As long as the working class wages only an economic struggle, the bourgeoisie does not see in that any great danger for itself; but when the working class organises politically, i.e., creates a political party which expresses its will as a class, the bourgeoisie begins seriously to fear for its rule. That is why reaction deals its main blows against the political party of the working class. At the same time, trying to undermine the party from within, capitalist propaganda endeavours to persuade the workers that they can do without their own party. One of the manifestations of bourgeois influence on the working class is the anarchist and anarcho-syndicalist denial of the leading role of a political party.
  • Democritus: Not from fear but from a sense of duty refrain from your sins.
  • Democritus: Many who have not learned wisdom live wisely, and many who do the basest deeds can make most learned speeches.
  • Democritus: Fools learn wisdom through misfortune.
  • Democritus: Strength of body is nobility in beasts of burden, strength of character is nobility in men.
  • Democritus: Neither art nor wisdom may be attained without learning.
  • Democritus: It is better to correct your own faults than those of another.
  • Democritus: Good means not (merely) not to do wrong, but rather not to desire to do wrong.
  • Democritus: Fame and wealth without wisdom are unsafe possessions.
  • Muammar Gaddafi: We will not surrender. We will defeat them by any means. We are ready for the fight, whether it will be a short or a long one. We will be victorious in the end. This assault is by a bunch of fascists who will end up in the dustbin of history.
  • Democritus: By convention sweet is sweet, bitter is bitter, hot is hot, cold is cold, color is color; but in truth there are only atoms and the void.
  • Democritus: We know nothing accurately in reality, but (only) as it changes according to the bodily condition, and the constitution of those things that flow upon (the body) and impinge upon it.
  • Democritus: Medicine heals diseases of the body, wisdom frees the soul from passions.
  • Democritus: Immoderate desire is the mark of a child, not a man.
  • Democritus: Men have fashioned an image of Chance as an excuse for their own stupidity.
  • Democritus: In a shared fish, there are no bones.
  • Democritus: Education is an ornament for the prosperous, a refuge for the unfortunate.
  • Democritus: The animal needing something knows how much it needs, the man does not.
  • Democritus: Moderation multiplies pleasures, and increases pleasure.
  • Democritus: If your desires are not great, a little will seem much to you; for small appetite makes poverty equivalent to wealth.
  • Democritus: No power and no treasure can outweigh the extension of our knowledge.
  • Democritus: In fact we do not know anything infallibly, but only that which changes according to the condition of our body and of the (influences) that reach and impinge upon it.
  • Democritus: Of practical wisdom these are the three fruits: to deliberate well, to speak to the point, to do what is right.
  • Democritus: 'Tis not in strength of body nor in gold that men find happiness, but in uprightness and in fulness of understanding.
  • Democritus: He who does wrong is more unhappy than he who suffers wrong.
  • Samuel P. Huntington: The West won the world not by the superiority of its ideas or values or religion (to which few members of other civilizations were converted) but rather by its superiority in applying organized violence. Westerners often forget this fact; non-Westerners never do.
  • Marjori Palmer: One of the most morale-damaging aspects of the inflation was the "sack of Germany" that occurred at the height of the (1923) inflation. Anyone who possessed dollars or sterling was king in Germany. A few American dollars would allow a man to live like a millionaire. Foreigners swarmed into the country, buying up family treasures, estates, jewelry and art works at unbelievable low prices.
  • Lionel Robbins: It was the most colossal thing of its kind in history: and next probably to the Great War itself, it must bear responsibility for many of the political and economic difficulties of our generation. It destroyed the wealth of the more solid elements of German society: and left behind a moral and economic disequilibrium, a breeding ground for the disasters which have followed. Hitler is the foster child of the inflation.
  • Lenin: There is no trace of utopianism in Marx, in the sense that he made up or invented a 'new' society. No, he studied the birth of the new society out of the old, and the forms of transition from the latter to the former, as a natural-historical process. He examined the actual experience of a proletarian mass movement and tried to draw practical lessons from it.
  • Che Guevara: Many will call me an adventurer - and that I am, only one of a different sort: one of those who risks his skin to prove his platitudes.
  • Democritus: The first principles of the universe are atoms and empty space; everything else is merely thought to exist.
  • Bertolt Brecht: Lenin is enshrined In the large heart of the working class.


too much go misdirection


Poking through layers of indirection in go trying to recover some efficiency.

Many functions in go take an io.Reader interface as input. This is a sensible default, allowing for streaming of data, instead of loading the entirety into memory. In some cases, though, we need the bytes. Which we may already have, in which case it would be great to simply use those bytes. Alas, this can be quite difficult.

context


I’m decoding some images. I’m using libavif and libheif via C bindings. For reasons primarily motivated by simplicity, I’m using the simple memory interfaces for these libraries, which makes it much easier to get the data from go into C. The streaming interface is much more work, and anyway the libraries would then just buffer the data internally, making another copy. Not every decoder fully works in a streaming fashion.

So the primary do the work function takes a []byte and passes it to C, and there’s a wrapper that does things the go way with an io.Reader, which does a full read into a temporary buffer before sending it along. Now, as it happens, my application also uses []byte internally because that’s what I’m getting out of libsqlite3 (because again, the streaming interface is much trickier to wire up) and also because that’s what you get when doing RPC with encoding/gob. I think this is not an unusual scenario.

bytes


What I would like is for my image decoding function to notice that the io.Reader it has been given is in fact a bytes.Reader so we can skip the copy. Anyone who’s spent any time looking around in the go standard library has noticed that similar shortcuts are commonplace. Interfaces are type checked against specific implementations, and then optimized code paths are taken. Well, we can do the check, but it doesn’t immediately help, because bytes.Reader doesn’t expose its internal byte slice.

But it’s in there somewhere and I will not be denied.

    <span class=kw>if</span> br<span class=op>,</span> ok <span class=op>:=</span> r<span class=op>.</span><span class=st>(</span><span class=op>*</span>bytes<span class=op>.</span>Reader<span class=st>)</span>; ok <span class=st>{</span>
        data <span class=op>=</span> <span class=op>*</span><span class=kw>(</span><span class=op>*</span>[]<span class=tp>byte</span><span class=kw>)</span><span class=kw>(</span>unsafe<span class=op>.</span>Pointer<span class=cm>(</span>br<span class=cm>)</span><span class=kw>)</span>
    <span class=st>}</span> <span class=kw>else</span> <span class=st>{</span>
        <span class=kw>var</span> buf bytes<span class=op>.</span>Buffer
        io<span class=op>.</span>Copy<span class=kw>(</span>&buf<span class=op>,</span> r<span class=kw>)</span>
        data <span class=op>=</span> buf<span class=op>.</span>Bytes<span class=kw>(</span><span class=kw>)</span>
    <span class=st>}</span>

This seems to work in simple tests, but not when using the image.Decode function. A copy is still made. What’s wrong?

<span class=kw>func</span> Decode<span class=st>(</span>r io<span class=op>.</span>Reader<span class=st>)</span> <span class=st>(</span>Image<span class=op>,</span> <span class=tp>string</span><span class=op>,</span> error<span class=st>)</span> <span class=st>{</span>
    rr <span class=op>:=</span> asReader<span class=kw>(</span>r<span class=kw>)</span>
<span class=st>}</span>
<span class=kw>func</span> asReader<span class=st>(</span>r io<span class=op>.</span>Reader<span class=st>)</span> reader <span class=st>{</span>
    <span class=kw>if</span> rr<span class=op>,</span> ok <span class=op>:=</span> r<span class=op>.</span><span class=kw>(</span>reader<span class=kw>)</span>; ok <span class=kw>{</span>
        <span class=kw>return</span> rr
    <span class=kw>}</span>
    <span class=kw>return</span> bufio<span class=op>.</span>NewReader<span class=kw>(</span>r<span class=kw>)</span>
<span class=st>}</span>
<span class=kw>type</span> reader <span class=tp>interface</span> <span class=st>{</span>
    io<span class=op>.</span>Reader
    Peek<span class=kw>(</span><span class=tp>int</span><span class=kw>)</span> <span class=kw>(</span>[]<span class=tp>byte</span><span class=op>,</span> error<span class=kw>)</span>
<span class=st>}</span>

Turns out the go image library does its own type inspection, looking for a Peek function, and if it’s not found, wraps the reader in a bufio.Reader instead. So the bytes.Reader never makes it into our function as is.

Now, why doesn’t bytes.Reader implement Peek? It’s just a byte slice, it’s definitely possible to peek ahead without altering stream state. But it was overlooked, and instead this workaround is applied.

Just knowing that we have a bufio.Reader isn’t sufficient, because, again, it doesn’t expose the underlying reader to us. It’s fine, okay, whatever. I am a master of unception.

<span class=kw>type</span> bufioReader <span class=tp>struct</span> <span class=st>{</span>
    buf []<span class=tp>byte</span>
    rd  io<span class=op>.</span>Reader
<span class=st>}</span>
    <span class=kw>if</span> br<span class=op>,</span> ok <span class=op>:=</span> r<span class=op>.</span><span class=st>(</span><span class=op>*</span>bufio<span class=op>.</span>Reader<span class=st>)</span>; ok <span class=st>{</span>
        insides <span class=op>:=</span> <span class=kw>(</span><span class=op>*</span>bufioReader<span class=kw>)</span><span class=kw>(</span>unsafe<span class=op>.</span>Pointer<span class=cm>(</span>br<span class=cm>)</span><span class=kw>)</span>
        r <span class=op>=</span> insides<span class=op>.</span>rd
    <span class=st>}</span>

The new procedure is to look for a bufio.Reader and if so, unpack the inner reader. And then, as before, if it’s a bytes.Reader, we extract the bytes. The zero copy dream is alive.

trees


The bufio.Reader should probably expose the underling reader.

The bytes.Reader should really implement Peek. I’m pretty sure the reason it doesn’t is because this is the only way of creating read only views of slices. And a naughty user could peek at the bytes and then modify them. Sigh. People hate const poisoning, but I hate this more.

bytes.Buffer provides a Bytes function, but still not Peek, so even if you know that’s required or useful, it’s not a simple swap.

forest


I’ve said this before, but the way go does structural typing, and the way the standard library uses it, creates these shadow APIs where blessed types work better than others. It’s almost never documented what the secret requirements are. But can you blame me for wanting to join the party?

I think two interpretations are possible. Casting was added to the language, and it’s used throughout the standard library, thus proving the feature is useful. Or pessimistically, every cast is a design oversight. The approach (in general, not my specific wizardry) only scales to the extent people stick with the standard types. It’s obviously not going to be feasible to specialize on third party types.

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