August 29th, 1526, Mohács, Hungary.
The Battle of Mohács, was the end of the Kingdom of Hungary. In the year 1522 King Louis II of Hungary married Mary of Austria, creating an alliance between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Holy Roman Empire. Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent saw the alliance between the Jagiellonian and Habsburg houses through marriage as a threat to Ottoman domination over the Balkans. In early 1526 Suleiman gathered an army of 100k men and 300 cannons to invade Hungary, taking advantage of Hungary being in a weakened state from a civil war a few years earlier. In early spring the Ottomans invaded Hungary, the Hungarians initially used hit and run tactics on the advancing Ottomans. By early July the Ottomans approached the town of Mohács. By this point King Louis had assembled an army of 30k men and 85 cannons at Mohács. By late August the Ottomans arrived at Mohács. The Hungarians argued about a battle plan, but eventually deployed for battle. The Hungarians had cavalry on the left and right flanks, with a larger amount of cavalry on the left and infantry in the center.
By the morning of August 29th the Ottomans began the battle by sending light cavalry in an outflanking maneuver to skirmish with the Hungarians. Ottomans were then sent forward to construct a camp closer to Mohács. Pál Tomori a Hungarian commander observed the Ottomans constructing their camp and ordered his cavalry on the left flank to charge the Turks. Tomori sent word to Louis to attack after his charge was seeing some success against the Ottomans. The Hungarian center and right were slow to join the battle and by the time they did the remainder of the Ottoman forces joined the battle. Eventually the overwhelming numbers of the Ottomans caused the Hungarian cavalry to flee the battle, the infantry became surrounded and crushed. The Hungarians lost 14k men the Ottomans 2k. King Louis died in the retreat as well from falling off his horse and drowning in the Danube river.
The Hungarians had an additional 25k soldiers and mercenaries scattered throughout the kingdom, had Louis managed to unite these forces with his army and fought from the much more defensible Hungarian capital of Buda(Budapest), victory or a much more difficult and costly battle for the Ottomans may have been achieved. After the defeat at Mohács the Kingdom of Hungary was spilt, The HRE took the northwest section witch became Royal Hungary, the Eastern half became independent and became known as the Voivode of Transylvania, the Southern half Sulieman took for the Ottomans. It would be another 150+ years before the HRE defeated the Ottomans at a second Battle of Mohács and freed Hungary.
TJ of the Side-Eye
in reply to Steve Swan • • •