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Canada lectures the U.S. on immigration but is tightening aggressively: 40% cut to new international student permits in 2024, stricter financial requirements ($20k+), mandatory provincial attestation letters, and limits on spousal work permits. On refugees, private sponsorship streams are paused until 2026 while backlogs near 150k. It’s not openness—it’s controlled contraction with better PR. One finger out, three back.