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A report by ReGrow Israel report reveals that Hezbollah attacks since October 8, 2023, have caused over $100 million in damages to northern "Israel"’s agricultural sector.Al Mayadeen English (Hezbollah attacks caused $108M in damages to Israeli agriculture)
Scripture Reading
Romans 8:10-11
Though your body may be dead it is because of sin, but if Christ is in you then your spirit is life itself because you have been justified; and if the Spirit of him who raised Jesus from the dead is living in you, then he who raised Jesus from the dead will give life to your own mortal bodies through his Spirit living in you.
Using NASA’s SMAP satellite to detect strong radio frequency interference
Link: radioandnukes.substack.com/p/h…
Discussion: news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4…
It was launched to measure moisture. Now it’s ghost-trailing jammers across an electronic battlefield.Radio&Nukes (Radio&Nukes Substack)
Ignored by allies and enemies alike, the Palestinian Authority would appear to be in an existential crisis.Little has been heard from the PA leadership – als...YouTube
Anyone who believes that Friedrich Merz, the election traitor, is now our chancellor is thinking too short-sightedly. A second, invisible player has been sitting in the chancellor's chair since yesterday. His name is BlackRock. The very same powerful hedge fund for whose German branch Merz was chairman of the supervisory board for four years. Busy lobbyists have always sought exclusive access to politicians.
However, it's a scandal that an international financial locust has managed to smuggle its own agent into the highest German political office. Will such a Chancellor really make future decisions for the good of the German people? Or, in case of doubt, will he not rather defend the interests of his old connections in the globalist networks? I have a very bad suspicion, but soon we will know more...
t.me/christineanderson/1155
🇨🇦🇺🇸🇬🇧🇦🇺 Anyone who believes that Friedrich Merz, the election traitor, is now our chancellor is thinking too short-sightedly. A second, invisible player has been sitting in the chancellor's chair since yesterday. His name is BlackRock.Telegram
Голос Кореи,Voice of Korea,Voz de Corea,صوت كوريا ,Stimme Koreas,공화국,vokwww.vok.rep.kp
Ghost students are creating problems for California colleges
Link: sfgate.com/bayarea/article/gho…
Discussion: news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4…
Oscar Wilde: Sometimes the poor are praised for being thrifty. But to recommend thrift to the poor is both grotesque and insulting. It is like advising a man who is starving to eat less. wordsmith.social/protestation/…
I installed a copy of Ubuntu 25.04 into a virtual machine just because I wanted to grab their most recent kernel config for 6.14.x to compare it to my own to try to figure out why my configuration breaks nvidia display.
What a clusterfuck. Now that bastard Poettering has taken over the login function with systemd-logind and what a pile of shit.
From a graphical terminal, with the sole exception of gdm3, I can not login as any user other the one I created at install time, and even with gdm3 I can not login as root.
Window 11 Linux Style Here We Come. Fuck You Canonical. Guess I'm going to be forced, after 14 years, to switch distros again.
There is a sequence of outright lies and fabrications used to justify far-reaching policy decisions in the course of the COVID pandemic.Michel Chossudovsky
According to Russian officials, leaders from 29 countries are expected to attend the Victory Day parade. Among them are the presidents of Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cuba,Pavel Morozov (Pravda English)
Witness the lie of the land now and then ask yourself cui bono, who benefits? Join us on Telegram, Twitter, and VK. Contact us: info@strategic-culture.su If…Strategic Culture Foundation
Foundation DB Record Layer SQL API
Link: foundationdb.github.io/fdb-rec…
Discussion: news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4…
Iran’s Foreign Ministry has dismissed as “fabricated and baseless” recent media reports that it has proposed direct talks with Washington and that a meeting between the presidents of the two countries is to happen soon.PressTV
You can follow us in other languages. Visit our website for more information wordsmith.social/protestation/…
A cycle-accurate IBM PC emulator in your web browser
Link: martypc.net/?mount=fd:0:Area%2…
Discussion: news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4…
TEHRAN, May 07 (MNA)— The local media in the Zionist regime on Wednesday reported an attack with a knife in Tel Aviv.Morteza Ahmadi Al Hashem (Mehr News Agency)
Vladimir Putin: There was a moment when your humble servant simply suggested that maybe we should join NATO? But no, NATO does not need such a country. No. The question is, what else? We thought that we were already our own, excuse me, as our people say, bourgeois. What else? There is no more ideological confrontation, what is the problem? Apparently, the problem is geopolitical interests and an arrogant attitude towards others. wordsmith.social/protestation/…
As the world grapples with the growing plastic waste crisis, recycling technologies have become essential for mitigating environmental damage. Among the various methods available, mechanical recycling and pyrolysis stand out as two dominant approaches for processing plastic waste. Each has distinct advantages, challenges, and applications. Understanding the comparative merits of these methods is crucial for selecting the most appropriate solution based on waste types, economic feasibility, and sustainability goals.
Mechanical recycling is the process of reprocessing used plastic into new products by physically breaking it down without changing its chemical structure. This method typically involves sorting, cleaning, shredding, and melting plastics to create new plastic items. It is the most widely adopted form of recycling, particularly for polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polypropylene (PP).
One of the main advantages of mechanical recycling is its relative simplicity and cost-effectiveness. It allows for the direct reuse of plastics without significant energy input or chemical alterations. However, the effectiveness of mechanical recycling is constrained by several factors, including contamination, degradation of polymer chains, and the quality of recycled material. Contaminants like food residues, oils, and inks can lower the purity of recycled plastic, making it unsuitable for high-quality applications.
Moreover, mechanical recycling often cannot process mixed plastics, which are common in household waste. For example, multilayered or composite plastic materials, commonly found in packaging, present significant challenges for mechanical recycling systems. As a result, while mechanical recycling is ideal for certain types of plastics, its capacity to handle complex waste streams is limited.
Pyrolysis, on the other hand, represents a more advanced and versatile recycling method. In a plastic pyrolysis plant, plastic waste is subjected to high temperatures in the absence of oxygen, causing it to decompose into gaseous products, liquid fuel, and solid residue (char). Unlike mechanical recycling, which only processes clean, homogeneous plastics, pyrolysis can handle mixed and contaminated plastic waste, including items that would typically be discarded in a landfill.
One of the major advantages of pyrolysis is its ability to handle a broad range of plastic types, including those that are difficult to recycle mechanically. Pyrolysis can process a variety of plastic polymers, including polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene (PE), converting them into valuable byproducts like oil, gas, and carbon black. The oil and gas produced during pyrolysis can be used as alternative fuels, potentially replacing fossil fuels in industrial processes.
Additionally, pyrolysis offers the advantage of reducing the volume of plastic waste by up to 90%. The process also generates energy in the form of syngas, which can be used to power the pyrolysis plant itself, reducing dependence on external energy sources and improving the overall efficiency of the operation.
From an environmental standpoint, both mechanical and plastic to oil pyrolysis recycling provide significant benefits compared to landfilling or incineration. Mechanical recycling reduces plastic waste in landfills and minimizes the need for virgin plastic production. However, it is often limited in its ability to handle the growing volume of mixed plastics and contaminated waste streams.
Pyrolysis, by contrast, addresses some of these limitations by offering a more flexible solution for complex and contaminated waste. The ability of pyrolysis to process a wider range of plastic materials not only reduces the volume of waste but also transforms it into usable energy. This makes pyrolysis a more sustainable alternative, especially in areas with limited access to high-quality plastic waste or infrastructure for mechanical recycling.
However, pyrolysis is not without its environmental concerns. The process generates emissions, and the quality of the byproducts, particularly the fuel oils, may vary depending on the type of plastic feedstock. Therefore, proper emission control systems and advanced monitoring technologies are essential to ensure the environmental benefits of pyrolysis outweigh the potential drawbacks.
The cost-effectiveness of both recycling methods depends largely on scale and technology. Mechanical recycling, being a more established and less complex technology, generally has lower upfront costs and is more energy-efficient for small to medium-scale operations. However, its ability to produce high-quality, recyclable plastic is often limited by contamination and degradation.
Pyrolysis, while more expensive to establish initially due to the need for specialized equipment like a pyrolysis plant, offers the potential for higher returns through the production of valuable byproducts. The liquid fuels, gases, and carbon char generated by pyrolysis can be sold, offsetting operating costs. Additionally, the ability to recycle a wider range of plastics makes pyrolysis a promising solution for handling the diverse plastic waste streams that are difficult to process through mechanical recycling alone.
While mechanical recycling remains an essential technology for managing plastic waste, the increasing volume of plastic waste and the growing demand for more comprehensive solutions suggest that pyrolysis technology will play an important role in the future of recycling. By processing more types of plastic and offering valuable byproducts, pyrolysis represents a promising avenue for reducing plastic pollution and promoting circular economy principles.
In conclusion, the choice between mechanical recycling and pyrolysis depends on the types of plastic waste, the desired end products, and the specific environmental and economic goals of the recycling operation. A hybrid approach that integrates both methods may offer the most effective solution for managing the complexities of global plastic waste.
Plastic pyrolysis plant is designed specifically to achieve 100% plastic recycling. This plastic pyrolysis machine can convert waste plastics intoBeston Group
At the beginning of this year we noticed that the Deepin Desktop as it is currently packaged in openSUSE relies on a packaging policy violation to bypass SUSE security team review restrictions.Matthias Gerstner (SUSE Security Team Blog)
that has barely nothing to do with packaging standards, and packaging policy violations..
Compare this: debian.org/doc/debian-policy/
With this single page: en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Packa…
In case you think "but those policies are not needed, they are superfluous" (like some Arch devs). They are not. Packagers send their fixes upstream, and then, other distros, with lower standards, consume the already fixed upstream releases, and sometimes pretend that this work was not needed nor present, not realizing that all distros benefit from it even if your policies are more relaxed.
There's a reason why the Deepin Desktop Environment was never part of Debian, and only available via their own ppa repositories, even if the Deepin distro is based in Debian.
A February 2025 article by The Hechinger Report highlights research-backed strategies to strengthen young students’ basic math skills, emphasizing the importance of early mastery in number sense, spatial reasoning, and pattern recognition.Kate Horgan (Project Censored)
DG ISPR says 31 people slain, 57 injured; political leadership condemn cowardly act; Trump calls India's actions a "shame"; PM summons NSC meeting.Sanaullah Khan (DAWN.COM)
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Gamal Abdel Nasser: We shall not enter Palestine with its soil covered in sand. We shall enter it with its soil saturated in blood. wordsmith.social/protestation/…
UK MPs target Telegram, Signal, and encrypted apps at Ofcom-led session on Southport riots, misinformation, and online harms.Didi Rankovic (Reclaim the Net)
How linear regression works intuitively and how it leads to gradient descent
Link: briefer.cloud/blog/posts/least…
Discussion: news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4…
Building an intuitive understanding of how Linear Regression works and how it leads to Gradient DescentBriefer
Our socials: fediverse.blog/~/ActaPopuli/fo…
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Mycoria is an open and secure overlay network that connects all participants
Link: mycoria.org/
Discussion: news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4…
The Omani Foreign Ministry announced on Tuesday, May 6, that it had successfully brokered a ceasefire agreement between the United States and the authorities in Sanaa, aimed at achieving mutual de-escalation.Orinoco Tribune - News and opinion pieces about Venezuela and beyond
The Russian foreign minister said that addressing threats to Russia’s security that arose due to NATO’s eastward enlargement and efforts to draw Ukraine into the alliance should be given priority.IRNA English
L'analyse de Gilles Ravaud
Lenin: Against the workers the capitalists of all nations and religions are united, but they strive to divide and weaken the workers by national strife! wordsmith.social/protestation/…
Israel has escalated its violence in Gaza since announcing plans to 'conquer' the entire strip and forcibly displace the population on Mondaythecradle.co
Explore global adventures with Mike O’Kennedy on the Young Pioneer Podcast. Discover insights into North Korea, Iraq, Xinjiang, and more.Justin Martell (Young Pioneer Tours)
Italian tiles are celebrated for their stunning design, durability, and craftsmanship, making them a top choice for home renovations and commercial projects. However, their premium price can be a challenge for budget-conscious buyers.
The good news? You can enjoy the elegance of Italian tiles without overspending. Here’s how to shop wisely while maintaining quality.
Start with a precise plan. Measure your space accurately—double-check measurements. Consider:
Avoid overbuying or underbuying by planning thoroughly.
Tip: Add 10% to your estimate for cuts and spares. For intricate layouts or diagonal patterns, increase to 15%.
Italian tiles are graded by quality and durability:
Grade 2 tiles often strike the best balance of quality and cost. Also, check the PEI (Porcelain Enamel Institute) rating:
Choose tiles based on function, not just their appearance.
You can buy tiles from various sources, each with trade-offs:
Ask key questions:
Focus on the total cost, not just the tile price.
Tiles are produced in batches, and surplus or discontinued stock is often heavily discounted.
Ask your tiles supplier about:
These can save 20–50%, but stock is limited, so act quickly. Flexibility with design is crucial.
Using Italian tiles throughout can strain your budget. Instead, blend strategically:
This designer strategy maximizes style while minimizing costs.
A trustworthy tiles supplier is essential for Italian tiles. Look for one who:
If a deal seems too good to be true, investigate—fake or low-quality tiles are common. A reliable supplier is transparent.
The tile price is only part of the equation. Include:
Plan for the entire project to avoid surprises.
Tile prices fluctuate seasonally. Spring and summer are peak periods with higher costs, while winter often brings discounts.
To save:
Ask about discounts for full-pallet purchases if you’re tackling a big project.
Trendy tiles can lose appeal over time. For lasting value, choose:
Reserve trendy designs for small, easily updated areas like a backsplash or accent wall.
Poor installation or mismatched tiles can ruin your project. Before buying, discuss with your installer:
Their expertise can prevent costly errors and suggest budget-friendly alternatives.
Italian tiles are a smart investment when bought thoughtfully. Focus on value, plan meticulously, and shop strategically to achieve a stunning result without breaking the bank.
#politics #Zionism #Gaza #genocide #antisemitism
Zionism is against Jews. As a matter of fact most Zionists are antisemites who wants Jews out of wherever they are, but Palestine.
The Armed Forces of Ukraine continue futile attempts to break through Russian border defense in the Kursk region for the...Anonymous103 (South Front)
Join Iran Press in an interview with Canadian lawyer and journalist Dimitri Lascaris, over the description he provides about the manifestation of genocide with the ongoing crimes in Gaza by the Israel regime.iranpress.com
Lenin: Only scoundrels or simpletons can think that the proletariat must first win a majority in elections carried out under the yoke of the bourgeoisie, under the yoke of wage-slavery, and must then win power. This is the height of stupidity or hypocrisy; it is substituting elections, under the old system and with the old power, for class struggle and revolution. wordsmith.social/protestation/…
#Marianne-Faithfull - #DangerousAcquaintances #1981 #Full #Album Vinyl
#Music on #Red-Rhythmic-Serpent
#MarianneFaithfull 12/29/1946 #Birth British singer
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Trump's approval rate in California down to "historically low levels"-english.news.cn
Inheritance was invented as a performance hack (2021)
Link: catern.com/inheritance.html
Discussion: news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4…
In #2795 there are some discuss about the BLOBs in Ventoy. For a long time, I devoted my limited spare time to adding new features and fixing bugs and didn't get around to considering this. It shou...GitHub
A blatant lie, we see 600+ who do care on the linked page. github.com/ventoy/Ventoy/issues/2795
Who lets malware infect them because it's unpaid?
Let’s indeed hope that they back it up with action. Better late than never. Though, I wonder what “guarantee” you’re referring to.
Any "action" that does not result in guarantees isn't helpful to solve this. So again, what I care about is guarantees.
For example, one way to "guarantee" that there's no code that's unaccounted for would be to achieve reproducible builds that can be rebuilt and obtain always the same binary bit-by-bit. So if the binary blob resulting from compiling from clean source matches the one offered then that's proof that the distributed binary was built cleanly and there was no malware being slipped through.
The issue is that this wouldn't just be a Ventoy problem, but also an upstream problem, since all projects Ventoy depends on would need to be, themselves, reproducible. So this wouldn't be an easy task, or even a task that Ventoy should do on their own, imho.
FWIW, slightly over a month ago, someone started working on a solution.
I definitely wouldn't trust that either until there's guarantees. Again, I only care about what guarantees are offered. It's not about who is the one managing the github account and/or what subjective reputation that random anonymous person might have.
The problem isn't the existence of precompiled binary blobs either, so removing the binaries is not solving the issue. The problem is in the traceability and what guarantees we have that the final collection of compiled binary blobs that ultimately is offered for download (and we do need binary blobs for download ultimately) is actually corresponding to libre/open source releases without potentially malicious code.
~~The conspiracy theorist inside of me would like to think this is related to the return of Ventoy’s maintainer. But I digress…~~
I don't think the maintainer went away. I've seen successfully maintained projects with much slower pace than this, specially projects for which stability is important. Last Bash commit was in 2024 and I wouldn't say it's unmaintained. Ventoy had a release 3 months ago.
Also, would it be bad if that was what triggered the interest to work on it? I mean, the post straight away mentions the github issue where that fork was advertised, and it implies that it's in that issue where they noticed that people have started to care about the blobs. So it could well be that they saw there's people who care enough to spend their time working for it (ie. they even made a fork), so why not open the doors for them? It does not have to always be drama.
An alternate ramdisk for Ventoy. Contribute to fnr1r/ventoy-cpio development by creating an account on GitHub.GitHub
The memory of those lost to World War II still lives on, with relatives proudly marching in remembrance, in what has become known as the Immortal RegimentOdysee
RAMALLAH /PNN /Ramzi Khouri, member of the PLO Executive Committee and head of the Higher Presidential Committee for Chuenglish.pnn.ps
#Music #1930s #Jazz #Swing #FoxTrot #Carmichael #Beiderbecke
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A United States Navy F-18 Super Hornet fighter jet from the US aircraft carrier USS Harry S. Truman has fallen into the Red Sea, CNN reported.newsmaker newsmaker (English News front)
Lenin: The proletariat wages its class struggle and does not wait for elections to begin a strike, although for the complete success of a strike it is necessary to have the sympathy of the majority of the working people (and, it follows, of the majority of the population); the proletariat wages its class struggle and overthrows the bourgeoisie without waiting for any preliminary elections (supervised by the bourgeoisie and carried out under its yoke); and the proletariat is perfectly well aware that for the success of its revolution, for the successful overthrow of the bourgeoisie, it is absolutely necessary to have the sympathy of the majority of the working people (and, it follows, of the majority of the population). wordsmith.social/protestation/…
Israel’s Cabinet has approved plans to reoccupy Gaza and use U.S. private military contractors to distribute aid to Palestinians. Human rights and aid groups say the plan “makes a mockery of international humanitarian law.”Michael Arria (Mondoweiss)
From the obvious to the far fetched: Soviet references in Blade Runner 2049#bladerunner2049Invaluable since I went down this rabbit hole was a brilliant arti...YouTube
cross-posted from: slrpnk.net/post/21842806
Recently came across this magazine from the Linux Format on a second hand vintage shop and obviously had to go for it! These magazines are still produced these to this day btw. However, when I went to linuxformat.com after receiving my magazine to check out some of their other ones, I saw that they were in fact just celebrating their 25-year anniversary and have put out a digital version of the very magazine I bought - for everyone to view digitally!Their announcement:
25-years ago in this month of May, back in 2000 (just after the giant Y2K meltdown that flipped every plane upsidedown) Linux Format was first published. To help celebrate and remember this momentous pinnacle of publishing prowess (and while we still have server access) we'll be popping out a few classic issues of Linux Format in PDF format. As we already have it to hand here's issue LXF001 with a very young looking Nick Veitch.
The magazine can be found digitally at: linuxformat.com/files/pdfs/LXF…
Either way, I had no idea of the timing but thought it was a fun experience and worthy to share here. Enjoy a step back into memory-lane!Have a great rest of your day!
I used to subscribe to Linux format! I got the back issues on exactly/Exact Editions too, so for a while I could also view every issue on my android tablet. Those were the days.
I don't even know if Exactly is still around anymore.
Edit - nope, I was thinking of New Humanist magazine, oops. But I did used to get Linux Format through the door. I remember they used to have rackspace ads on the plastic weather cover
Hey everyone, I’m not exactly #newhere. I had a joindiaspora account long time ago. Noe I'm back.
I’m interested in #digital-rights, #digitalrights, #edri, #eff, #floss, #foss, #free-culture, #freeculture, #freesofftware, #free-software, #fsf, #fsfe, #internet, #linux, #open-hardware, #openhardware, #open-source, #opensourse, #oss, #tech, #technology, and #web.
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The Netflix series The Eternaut has triggered a surge in inquiries from people born in Argentina during the dictatorship (1976–1983) regarding their identityteleSURenglish
Showed some photos to the 2nd grader preparing to present about her grandma and great grandma traveling over to America together from Metz.
monovisions.com/paris-france-l…
Late in the 19th century, Paris hosted two major international expositions: the 1889 Universal Exposition, was held to mark the centennial of the French Revolution and featured the new Eiffel Tower; and the 1900 Universal Exposition, which gave Paris…xxxxxxx (MONOVISIONS - Black & White Photography Magazine)
Israel’s Security Cabinet has unanimously approved plans to “conquer” the Gaza Strip and forcefully displace the Palestinian people, with Finance Minister and War Criminal Bezalel Smotrich declaring that Israel will not withdraw from Gaza even if the…Rachel Blevins
These shills are as morally culpable as the court historians who in 1930s Germany denounced those who opposed the extermination of Jews, Romanies, Communists, the disabled and gays as anti-Aryan racists. By Jonathan Cook Jonathan-Cook.Consortium News
Until the lion learns how to write every story will glorify the hunter. - anonymous wordsmith.social/protestation/…
You can follow us in other languages. Visit our website for more information wordsmith.social/protestation/…
Britain is preparing for war with Russia. So reported The Telegraph on April 5 in an article entitled “Starmer prepares for attack by Russia.Carl Osgood (EIR News)
Over 100,000 people have already signed on to the petition to stop the French state’s planned dissolution of Urgence Palestine, the large national coalition and collective for Palestine that …Samidoun: Palestinian Prisoner Solidarity Network
Und wieder alle verarscht 🤣🤣🤣
Ihr dämlichen #CDU Wähler checkts halt nicht
In einer funktionierenden Gesellschaft passen sich die Gäste dem Gastgeber an.
In Deutschland passt sich die Gesellschaft den Gästen an und verzichtet auf seine Kultur.
#Islamismus #Gruppenvergewaltigungen #Messermorde #Brandmauertote #Islam #Brandmaueropfer #Massenvergewaltigungen
#Islam #Moslem
Let us reject war and invest in life. Let us use our resources not to destroy, but to rebuild a South Asia that belongs to its people—not to the profiteers of war.vivian (International Peoples' Assembly)
Michael Parenti is an American political scientist, historian, and cultural critic who writes on scholarly and popular subjects. He has taught at American an...YouTube
June Huh dropped out to become a poet, now he’s won a Fields Medal (2022)
Link: quantamagazine.org/june-huh-hi…
Discussion: news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4…
June Huh wasn’t interested in mathematics until a chance encounter during his sixth year of college. Now his profound insights connecting combinatorics and geometry have led to math’s highest honor.Jordana Cepelewicz (Quanta Magazine)
Thierry Meyssan: We persist in holding the British responsible for the rise of sectarianism in the Middle East. True, it was they who, with Lawrence of Arabia, organized the Great Arab Revolt of 1916-1918 that brought the Saudis and the Wahhabi sect to power in Saudi Arabia. Certainly, it was they who, with Lord Herbert Samuel, organized the Great Arab Revolt of 1936-1939 in Mandatory Palestine. Certainly, it was they who, with Sir James Craig, organized the Arab Spring of 2011-2012 that brought the Muslim Brotherhood to power in Egypt. wordsmith.social/protestation/…
Otto Pureblood
in reply to Otto Pureblood • • •BTW:
The Talmud recognizes six to eight gender or sex categories, depending on the interpretation:
Six: Zachar, Nekevah, Androgynos, Tumtum, Aylonit, Saris.
Eight: Adding Aylonit Hamah/Adam and Saris Hamah/Adam as distinct subcategories.
These categories are primarily biological, used to navigate legal obligations in a gendered system, and do not directly map onto modern gender identity concepts. While progressive interpretations see them as evidence of gender diversity, traditionalists view them as rare biological variations within a male-female binary. The exact number and meaning remain debated, reflecting the Talmud’s complexity and its varied modern readings.
so even the Ancient Jew wasn't as depraved as the modern ones are...